Deck 19: Disease Transmission and Infection Prevention

Question 1

Which of the following terms is used to describe disease-causing organisms?

A)Virulence
B)Bioburden
C)Pathogens
D)Infectious disease

Answer 1

Pathogens

Question 2

Transmission of a disease,from the dental office to a patient through a contaminated water system,is an example of _____ disease transmission in the dental office.

A)dental team-to-patient
B)patient-to-patient
C)dental office-to-community
D)community-to-dental office-to-patient

Answer 2

community-to-dental office-to-patient

Question 3

Which of the following agencies released The Guidelines for Infection Control in Dental Health-Care Settings-2003?

A)OSHA
B)CDC
C)Health and Human Services

Answer 3

CDC

Question 4

A(n)________ infection is through the skin,such as a needle stick.

A)percutaneous
B)permucosal
C)infectious
D)dermatitis

Question 5

Who should be notified first of an exposure incident after initial first aid is provided?

A)Employer
B)Employee's physician
C)Source patient
D)Workers' compensation provider

Question 6

When immunity is obtained by recovery from a disease,it is called _____ immunity.

A)inherited
B)acquired
C)active
D)artificially acquired

Question 7

An infection that is long in duration is a(n)_____ infection.

A)chronic
B)latent
C)acute
D)opportunistic

Question 8

Which of the following is the most common route of disease transmission in the dental office?

A)Droplet infection through inhaling aerosol generated by the dental handpiece.
B)Direct contact with the patient's blood or saliva.
C)Indirect contact with surfaces.

Question 9

The role of _______ is to issue specific standards to protect the health of employees in the United States.

A)HIPAA
B)CDC
C)OSHA
D)FDA

Question 10

How often must the written exposure control plan describing how the dental office complies with the Bloodborne Pathogens (BBP)Standard be reviewed and updated?

A)Twice a year
B)Every five years
C)Annually
D)Only when the law changes

Question 11

Which of the following is the first procedural step after an exposure incident?

A)Contact the source patient.
B)Stop operations immediately.
C)Remove your gloves.
D)Wash your hands thoroughly.

Question 12

Immunity allows the body to resist disease and prevents foreign bodies from causing:

A)susceptibility.
B)immunity.
C)infection.
D)heredity.

Question 13

_______ transmission means touching or contact with the patient's blood or saliva.

A)Direct
B)Indirect
C)Airborne
D)Spatter

Question 14

Mistlike aerosols are:

A)visible to the naked eye.
B)created by the prophy cup during dental procedures.
C)not capable of transmitting respiratory infections.
D)capable of remaining airborne for extended periods and can be inhaled.

Question 15

Which of the following is the first link in the chain of infection?

A)Virulence
B)Portal of entry
C)Immunity
D)Occupational exposure

Question 16

The law designed to protect employees against occupational exposure to bloodborne disease-causing organisms such as HBV,HIV,and HCV is:

A)the OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens (BBP) Standard.
B)Guidelines for Infection Control in Dental Healthcare Settings-2003.
C)the OSHA Health and Safety Standards.
D)the exposure control plan.

Question 17

According to the CDC,________ Precautions represent a standard of care designed to protect healthcare providers from pathogens that can be spread by blood or any other body fluid,excretion,or secretion.

A)Standard
B)Universal
C)Nationwide
D)Uniform

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding the role of the CDC in infection control?

A)It is a regulatory agency.
B)The CDC issues specific recommendations on health-related matters, based on sound scientific evidence.
C)The CDC issues specific standards to protect the health of employees in the United States.
D)The CDC issued the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard.

Question 19

The CDC term Standard Precautions applies to contact with which of the following?

A)Perspiration
B)All body fluids, secretions, and excretions except sweat, but only if they contain blood
C)All body fluids, secretions, and excretions except sweat, regardless of whether they contain blood
D)Intact skin

Question 20

Which of the following types of pathogens are carried in the blood and body fluids of infected individuals and that can be transmitted to others?

A)Bloodborne
B)Parenteral
C)Virulent
D)Acquired

Question 21

Which of the following should be removed first when removing PPE?

A)Gloves
B)Protective eyewear
C)Gown
D)Mask

Question 22

The Bloodborne Pathogens Standard states that contaminated protective clothing:

A)may be taken home and laundered.
B)may not be laundered in the dental office.
C)can be picked up by a laundry service.
D)must be disposable.

Question 23

A person who is unable to resist infection by a particular pathogen is known as _______ in the chain of infection.

A)virulence
B)a susceptible host
C)infectious pathogens
D)infectious disease

Question 24

CDC guidelines and the OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen Standard consider saliva to be which of the following?

A)A potentially infectious body fluid
B)A noninfectious body fluid
C)An infectious waste
D)A contaminated waste

Question 25

Which of the following is considered personal protective equipment (PPE)that the employer should provide free of charge to the employee?

A)Protective eyewear
B)Shoes
C)TB skin test
D)Ultrasonic cleaner

Question 26

Pathogens must have a pathway into the body called a(n)________ to cause infection.

A)portal of entry
B)susceptible host
C)acute infection
D)chronic infection

Question 27

The BBP Standard requires the dentist or employer to provide training in infection-control and safety issues to which of the following groups of people?

A)All patients
B)All personnel, including those who are never exposed to blood, saliva, or both
C)All personnel who might come in contact with blood, saliva, or contaminated instruments or surfaces
D)Only personnel who are routinely exposed to blood, saliva, or both

Question 28

Exam gloves used during dental treatment can be made of which of the following materials?

A)Latex or vinyl
B)Vinyl but not latex
C)Clear plastic
D)Cotton

Question 29

Which of the following is the correct sequence for handwashing and gloving?

A)Wash your hands before you put on gloves, but not after you remove gloves.
B)Wash your hands before you put on gloves and immediately after you remove gloves.
C)Wash your hands only after you remove gloves.
D)Do not need to wash your hands if you wear gloves.

Question 30

Which of the following is the most common type of latex allergy?

A)Type I allergic reaction
B)Type IV allergic reaction
C)Irritant dermatitis

Question 31

Which of the following statements about reducing microbial flora is true?

A)Alcohol-based hand rubs are more effective at reducing microbial flora than plain soap or antimicrobial handwashes.
B)Plain soap or antimicrobial handwashes are more effective at reducing microbial flora than alcohol-based hand rubs.
C)Alcohol-based hand rubs, antimicrobial handwashes, and plain soap are equally effective at reducing microbial flora.

Question 32

Infectious waste is defined as which of the following?

A)It is not found in the dental office.
B)It is contaminated waste that is capable of transmitting an infectious disease.
C)It is disposed of as general waste.
D)It is equivalent to medical waste.

Question 33

Which of the following is true of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease?

A)It affects animals but not humans.
B)It requires additional dental treatment precautions in addition to Standard Precautions.
C)It belongs to a group of neurologic disorders.
D)It is endemic and thought to shorten life span by 10 to 15 years.

Question 34

Transmission of pathogens occurring through contact from person to another person is which of the following forms of transmission?

A)Direct
B)Indirect
C)Airborne
D)Spatter

Question 35

Which of the following is a persistent infection in which the symptoms come and go?

A)Chronic infection
B)Permucosal
C)Infectious
D)Latent infection

Question 36

The number of pathogenic microorganisms can be directly related to which of the following?

A)Bioburden
B)Portal of entry
C)Virulence
D)Immunity

Question 37

The BBP Standard requires use of protective eyewear:

A)with front but not side protection.
B)with front and side protection (solid side shields) during exposure-prone procedures.
C)including contact lenses, which are considered to be protective.
D)along with a face shield.

Question 38

When is the best time to clean and disinfect dental prostheses or impressions that will be handled in the in-office laboratory?

A)After they have had time to dry
B)As soon as possible after removal from the patient's mouth
C)After they are in the laboratory
D)Whenever you have time

Question 39

Which of the following is recommended by the CDC after administration of the HBV vaccine?

A)Routine booster doses
B)Routine blood testing to monitor the HBV antibody level
C)Routine blood testing to monitor the HBV antigen level
D)A blood test to ensure that the individual has developed immunity

Question 40

Waste that has had contact with blood or other body fluids is considered contaminated and is disposed of as which of the following types of waste in most states?

A)Hazardous
B)Contaminated
C)General
D)Biohazard

Question 41

To dispose of contaminated needles and other disposable sharp objects properly in a dental office,the dental professional should discard them in which of the following?

A)Trash can
B)Staff room trash
C)Sharps container
D)Plaster trap

Question 42

Who is responsible for training employees to respond properly to an exposure incident in the dental office?

A)The employer
B)The office manager
C)OSHA
D)The CDC

Question 43

Which of the following diseases fall under the OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard Law designed to protect employees against occupational exposure?

A)The common cold
B)The flu
C)HIV and HCV
D)Measles

Question 44

Under the Occupational Exposure Determination,which members of the dental staff fall under category I?

A)Business manager
B)Office manager
C)Sterilization assistant and laboratory technician
D)Receptionist

Question 45

Which dental professional falls under category II of the Occupational Exposure Determination?

A)Dentist and hygienist
B)Dental assistant
C)Sterilization assistant and laboratory technician
D)Receptionist who might occasionally clean a treatment room or handle instruments or impressions

Question 46

All of the following are descriptions of a sharps disposal container except:

A)puncture-resistant.
B)closeable and leakproof.
C)manufactured to be shredded in a paper shredder.
D)color-coded or labeled with a biohazard symbol.

Question 47

Pathogens transmitted by means of cuts or punctures are an example of _______ transmission.

A)bloodborne
B)parenteral
C)virulent
D)acquired

Question 48

Which infection control measures must be practiced to avoid patient-to-patient disease transmission?

A)Instrument sterilization and use of sterile instruments
B)Surface barriers
C)Handwashing and the uses of gloves
D)All of the above

Question 49

Protective masks are worn over the nose and mouth to protect dental personnel from all of the following except:

A)inhaling infectious microorganisms.
B)aerosol and spray from handpieces or an air-water syringe.
C)any accidental splashes.
D)revealing emotions.

Question 50

Immunization or vaccination is known as ________ immunity.

A)naturally acquired
B)inherited
C)active
D)artificially acquired

Question 51

The CDC established guidelines for needle recapping.These guideline include:

A)recapping needles using both hands.
B)directing the point of the needle toward any body part when recapping.
C)using the single-handed scoop method or a recapping device.
D)using a two-person technique.

Question 52

Tuberculosis,botulism,and streptococcal infections can be spread by which of the following?

A)Parenteral transmission
B)Immunity
C)Good health
D)Food and water transmission

Question 53

_________ Precautions represent a standard of care designed to protect healthcare providers from pathogens that can be spread by blood or any other body fluid,excretion,or secretion.

A)Standard
B)Universal
C)Domestic
D)Continental

Question 54

Which type of transmission of infection occurs through the mucosal surfaces of the eyes,nose,and mouth?

A)Dental team-to-patient transmission
B)Patient-to-patient transmission
C)Patient-to-dental team infection
D)Community-to-dental office-to-patient transmission

Question 55

Protective Clothing Requirement Standards do not include:

A)clothing made of fluid-resistant material.
B)disposable jackets or gowns with long sleeves and high neckline.
C)minimizing the amount of uncovered skin.
D)requiring disposable gowns.

Question 56

Which of the following can prevent contamination of a clean instrument or any object handled during treatment?

A)The 5-second rule
B)Spraying with surface disinfectant
C)Overgloves
D)Rubbing alcohol

Question 57

The type of immunity acquired when the body has previously contracted a disease and recovered is called ________ immunity.

A)naturally acquired
B)inherited
C)active
D)artificially acquired

Question 58

What type of disease transmission refers to the spread of disease through droplets of moisture that contain bacteria or viruses?

A)Direct transmission
B)Aerosol transmission
C)Spray or splatter
D)Airborne transmission

Question 59

Infection control measures that help to prevent disease transmission to the dental professional include:

A)gloves and handwashing.
B)rubber dams and the use of patient mouth rinses.
C)the use of masks.
D)all of the above.