Deck 29: The Special Needs and Medically Compromised Patient

Question 1

A diminished cough reflex and an inability to clear mucus from the throat by coughing may be the result of:

A)arthritis.
B)congestive heart failure.
C)muscular dystrophy.
D)hyperthyroidism.

Answer 1

muscular dystrophy.

Question 2

A direct side effect of Dilantin,which used to control epileptic seizures,is:

A)gingival hyperplasia.
B)overgrowth of the gingival tissue.
C)severe tooth decay.
D)both a and b

Answer 2

both a and b

Question 3

What treatment plan modification should be made to the anesthetic regimen for a patient with cardiovascular disease?

A)No modification in treatment plan is necessary.
B)Epinephrine and other vasoconstrictors are contraindicated, and they cannot be administered to patients with mild to moderate cardiovascular disease.
C)Epinephrine and other vasoconstrictors can be administered within limits to patients with mild to moderate cardiovascular disease.
D)Local anesthetic by injection is contraindicated for patients with mild to moderate cardiovascular disease.

Answer 3

Epinephrine and other vasoconstrictors can be administered within limits to patients with mild to moderate cardiovascular disease.

Question 4

Which of the following conditions is considered a form of heart disease?

A)Hypertension
B)Pectoral muscle
C)Pulmonary disorder
D)Cancer

Question 5

Treatment modifications for hearing-impaired patients include:

A)leaning toward the patient's ears while speaking directly into them.
B)talking with a family member rather than the patient.
C)using written information to supplement communication.
D)shouting when they do not respond.

Question 6

The medical condition in which the blood pressure is elevated is:

A)anemia.
B)angina.
C)bacteremia.
D)hypertension.

Question 7

Which of the following is true of seizures?

A)Epilepsy can affect up to 10% of the general population.
B)Petit mal seizures typically last 5 to 10 minutes.
C)Grand mal seizures may be preceded by an aura.
D)Antiepileptic medications such as Dilantin cause increased salivary flow.

Question 8

The most commonly reported oral-related health conditions affecting an older person includes:

A)xerostomia and periodontal disease, but not tooth decay, which peaks at about age 18.
B)excessive salivation and periodontal disease, but not tooth decay, which peaks at about age 18.
C)xerostomia, periodontal disease, and tooth decay.
D)excessive salivation and periodontal disease due to osteoporosis.

Question 9

According to the five specific patient treatment categories,a category III patient involves:

A)no special modifications.
B)medical conditions with lifelong implications and requires modifications to treatment.
C)scheduling changes and shorter appointments.
D)serious medical conditions that require only limited care to eliminate serious oral disease.

Question 10

To facilitate an easy patient transfer,a wheelchair-bound patient should initially be positioned:

A)as close to the dental chair as possible.
B)the same way that he or she will be seated in the dental chair.
C)the opposite way that he or she will be seated in the dental chair.
D)as described in both a and b

Question 11

When an assistant is asked to work with a medically and physically compromised patient and family in developing and implementing a preventive program:

A)it should be tailored to the needs of the patient.
B)it should be the standard preventive program presented to all patients.
C)he or she should respond that this is not a delegable function for an assistant.
D)he or she should transfer the patient to the dental hygienist for instructions.

Question 12

An excessive increase in white blood cells can be the result of an infection or:

A)leukemia.
B)anemia.
C)emphysema.
D)hemophilia.

Question 13

Diabetes mellitus is a:

A)metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose and an absolute or relative insufficiency of insulin.
B)form of progressive mental deterioration occurring in middle to older age.
C)condition resulting from excessive activity of the thyroid gland.
D)condition resulting from severe thyroid hormone insufficiency.

Question 14

More than 100 diseases can indirectly affect a patient's ability to perform adequate oral hygiene procedures.

Question 15

The goal of the dental team when treating an aging patient is to:

A)factor this into the treatment planning phase.
B)treat them exactly the same as everyone else.
C)assure them that the condition of their mouth will not affect self-esteem or social interaction.
D)inform them that poor oral health will have no effect on general health.

Question 16

A patient who has experienced a minor to severe loss of the central nervous system function caused by a sudden vascular lesion of the brain,such as a hemorrhage,has suffered a cerebrovascular accident,or a:

A)seizure.
B)stroke.
C)petit mal seizure.
D)cardiovascular disorder.

Question 17

The fastest-growing segment of the U.S.population is:

A)children between 1 and 10 years of age.
B)young adults in their 20s.
C)40 to 50 year olds.
D)the older population, 65 years of age and older.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true concerning "functionally independent older adults"?

A)Persons in this age group have fewer natural teeth and believe that tooth loss is an inevitable part of aging.
B)Some persons in this age group have retained their natural teeth, but more of them have fixed and removable prostheses.
C)This group has retained more of their natural teeth, and they expect to maintain their teeth throughout their lives.
D)This segment of the population tends to have medical conditions that are reflected in their oral health.

Question 19

Cell metabolism is regulated by the:

A)liver.
B)thyroid gland.
C)spleen.
D)brain.

Question 20

Before treating an older patient,it is essential to complete a:

A)social history.
B)genetic profile.
C)mobility profile.
D)medication profile.

Question 21

An irreversible enlargement in the size of the air spaces that results in labored breathing and increased susceptibility to infection is:

A)bronchitis.
B)emphysema.
C)asthma.
D)allergy.

Question 22

The condition caused by an underactive thyroid gland that produces fewer hormones is:

A)overactive thyroid.
B)hypertension.
C)Graves' disease.
D)hypothyroidism.

Question 23

The role of the dental assistant in caring for the medically and physically compromised patient includes all of the following except:

A)aid in diagnosis and treatment planning.
B)aid dentist in providing treatment.
C)make the patient more comfortable and reduces anxiety.
D)serve as a source of information to patient and the patient's family.

Question 24

In which type of diabetes mellitus is the patient insulin dependent?

A)Type II
B)Type I
C)Type III
D)None of the above

Question 25

Adults who are older than 65 years and who are beginning to have multiple health problems are categorized as:

A)functionally independent older adults.
B)dependent older adults.
C)frail older adults.
D)senior citizens.

Question 26

An older patient complains that his neck hurts when reclined in a dental chair.This patient most likely suffers from:

A)muscular dystrophy.
B)lower back pain.
C)arthritis.
D)atrophy.

Question 27

A deficiency of red blood cells in the hemoglobin can cause:

A)leukemia.
B)hemophilia.
C)anemia.
D)excessive bleeding.

Question 28

The percentage of older people affected by periodontal disease is:

A)25%.
B)30%.
C)15%.
D)50%.

Question 29

All the following are recommendations for treating hypertension except:

A)handling more stress.
B)limiting salt intake.
C)following a particular diet.
D)exercising.

Question 30

"Stable" angina is a sharp pain in the chest that is:

A)usually predictable.
B)unpredictable.
C)unstable.
D)none of the above.

Question 31

Depression is:

A)a feeling that "all is not well."
B)a disturbance in thinking and perception.
C)hallucinations.
D)an emotional feeling of rejection and withdrawal.

Question 32

A stroke is caused by a sudden vascular lesion of the brain,such as:

A)an embolism.
B)a ruptured aneurysm.
C)a hemorrhage.
D)all of the above.

Question 33

The term for the respiratory disease associated with allergies and characterized by sudden recurring attacks of labored breathing,chest constriction,and coughing is:

A)bronchitis.
B)emphysema.
C)asthma.
D)all of the above.

Question 34

Loss of memory and impaired judgment and comprehension are symptoms of:

A)epilepsy.
B)multiple sclerosis.
C)Alzheimer's disease.
D)all of the above.

Question 35

All of the following considerations need to be made when treating a patient with diabetes except:

A)schedule a long appointment for late in the day.
B)maintain normal dietary intake.
C)minimize stress.
D)minimize the risk of infection.

Question 36

All of the following are major factors in hypertension except:

A)stress.
B)exercise.
C)smoking.
D)heredity.

Question 37

The cause of dark and brittle teeth in an older adult is:

A)reduced size of the pulp chamber.
B)deposits of secondary dentin.
C)large caries.
D)both a and b

Question 38

Xerostomia (or dry mouth)caused by a decreased flow of saliva can be a result of:

A)alcoholism.
B)diabetes.
C)adverse drug effects.
D)all of the above.

Question 39

All of the following can be manifestations of heart disease except:

A)diabetes.
B)hypertension.
C)angina.
D)congestive heart failure.

Question 40

The most common oral-related health conditions that affects older patients are:

A)xerostomia.
B)periodontal disease.
C)dark and brittle teeth.
D)all of the above.