Deck 19: Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry

Question 1

Describe what changes occur in the atomic nucleus during beta decay.

A)The mass number and atomic number decrease.
B)The mass number and atomic number increase.
C)The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number decreases.
D)The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number increases.
E)The mass number and atomic number do not change.

Answer 1

The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number increases.

Question 2

Write the nuclear equation for the alpha decay of ${ } _ { 90 } ^ { 232 }$ Th.

A) ${ } _ { 2 } ^ { 4 } \mathrm { He } + { } _ { 90 } ^ { 232 } \mathrm { Th } \rightarrow { } _ { 92 } ^ { 236 } \mathrm { U }$
B) ${ } _ { 0 } ^ { 1 } \mathrm { n } + { } _ { 90 } ^ { 232 } \mathrm { Th } \rightarrow { } _ { 90 } ^ { 233 } \mathrm { Th }$
C) ${ } _ { 90 } ^ { 232 } \mathrm { Th } \rightarrow { } _ { + 1 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm { e } + { } _ { 89 } ^ { 232 } \mathrm { Ac }$
D) ${ } _ { 90 } ^ { 232 } \mathrm { Th } \rightarrow { } _ { 2 } ^ { 4 } \mathrm { He } + { } _ { 88 } ^ { 228 } \mathrm { Ra }$
E) ${ } _ { 90 } ^ { 232 } \mathrm { Th } \rightarrow { } _ { - 1 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm { e } + { } _ { 91 } ^ { 232 } \mathrm {~Pa}$

Answer 2

${ } _ { 90 } ^ { 232 } \mathrm { Th } \rightarrow { } _ { 2 } ^ { 4 } \mathrm { He } + { } _ { 88 } ^ { 228 } \mathrm { Ra }$

Question 3

Describe what changes occur in the atomic nucleus during alpha decay.

A)The mass number and atomic number decrease.
B)The mass number and atomic number increase.
C)The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number decreases.
D)The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number increases.
E)The mass number and atomic number do not change.

Answer 3

The mass number and atomic number decrease.

Question 4

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the alpha decay of 210
84 Po.

A) 214
86 Rn
B) ${ } _ { 82} ^ { 206}$ Pb
C) $\begin{array} { c } 212 \\88\end{array}$ Ra
D) ${ } _ { 80 } ^ { 208 }$ Hg
E) 211
85 At

Question 5

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the alpha decay of 216
84 Po.

A) 218
84 Po
B) 218
80 Hg
C) $\begin{array} { r } 217 \\85\end{array}$ At
D) ${ } _ {82 } ^ { 212 }$ Pb
E) $\begin{array} { c } 220 \\86\end{array}$ Rn

Question 6

Write a nuclear equation for the alpha decay of ${ } _ { 92 } ^ { 238 }$ U.

A) ${ } _ { 92 } ^ { 238 } \mathrm { U } \rightarrow { } _ { 0 } ^ { 1 } \mathrm { n } + { } _ { 92 } ^ { 237 } \mathrm { U }$
B) ${ } _ { 92 } ^ { 238 } \mathrm { U } \rightarrow { } _ { - 1 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm { e } + { } _ { 93 } ^ { 238 } \mathrm {~Np}$
C) ${ } _ { 92 } ^ { 238 } \mathrm { U } \rightarrow { } _ { 2 } ^ { 4 } \mathrm { He } + { } _ { 90 } ^ { 234 } \mathrm { Th }$
D) ${ } _ { 92 } ^ { 238 } \mathrm { U } \rightarrow { } _ { + 1 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm { e } + { } _ { 91 } ^ { 238 } \mathrm {~Pa}$
E) ${ } _ { 92 } ^ { 238 } \mathrm { U } \rightarrow { } _ { - 1 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm { e } + { } _ { 91 } ^ { 238 } \mathrm {~Pa}$

Question 7

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the alpha decay of ${ } _ { 88 } ^ { 224}$ Ra.

A) $\begin{array} { c } 223 \\87\end{array}$ Fr
B) $\begin{array} { c } 225 \\89\end{array}$ Ac
C) ${ } _ {84 } ^ { 222 }$ Po
D) ${ } _ { 90} ^ { 228}$ Th
E) $\begin{array} { c } 220 \\86\end{array}$ Rn

Question 8

Write the nuclear equation for the alpha decay of $\begin{array} { c } 226 \\88\end{array}$ Ra.

A) ${ } _ { 88 } ^ { 226 } \mathrm { Ra } + { } _ { 2 } ^ { 4 } \mathrm { He } \rightarrow { } _ { 90 } ^ { 230 } \mathrm { Th }$
B) ${ } _ { 88 } ^ { 226 } \mathrm { Ra } \rightarrow { } _ { 0 } ^ { 1 } \mathrm { n } + { } _ { 88 } ^ { 225 } \mathrm { Ra }$
C) ${ } _ { 88 } ^ { 226 } \mathrm { Ra } \rightarrow { } _ { - 1 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm { e } + { } _ { 89 } ^ { 226 } \mathrm { Ac }$
D) ${ } _ { 88 } ^ { 226 } \mathrm { Ra } + { } _ { + 1 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm { e } \rightarrow { } _ { 89 } ^ { 226 } \mathrm { Ac }$
E) ${ } _ { 88 } ^ { 226 } \mathrm { Ra } \rightarrow { } _ { 2 } ^ { 4 } \mathrm { He } + { } _ { 86 } ^ { 222 } \mathrm { Rn }$

Question 9

Describe what changes occur in the atomic nucleus during electron capture.

A)The mass number and atomic number decrease.
B)The mass number and atomic number increase.
C)The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number decreases.
D)The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number increases.
E)The mass number and atomic number do not change.

Question 10

Write a nuclear equation for the alpha decay of ${ } _ { 95 } ^ { 241 } \mathrm { Am }$

A)
${ } _ { 95 } ^ { 241 } \mathrm { Am } \rightarrow { } _ { 2 } ^ { 4 } \mathrm { He } + { } _ { 93 } ^ { 237 } \mathrm {~Np}$
B)
${ } _ { 95 } ^ { 241 } \mathrm { Am } \rightarrow { } _ { 2 } ^ { 4 } \mathrm { He } + { } _ { 97 } ^ { 245 } \mathrm { Bk }$
C)
${ } _ { 95 } ^ { 241 } \mathrm { Am } \rightarrow { } _ { - 1 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm { e } + { } _ { 96 } ^ { 241 } \mathrm { Cm }$
D)
${ } _ { 95 } ^ { 241 } \mathrm { Am } \rightarrow { } _ { + 1 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm { e } + { } _ { 94 } ^ { 241 } \mathrm { Pu }$
E)
${ } _ { 95 } ^ { 241 } \mathrm { Am } \rightarrow { } _ { 0 } ^ { 1 } \mathrm { n } + { } _ { 95 } ^ { 240 } \mathrm { Am }$

Question 11

Describe what changes occur in the atomic nucleus during gamma ray emission.

A)The mass number and atomic number decrease.
B)The mass number and atomic number increase.
C)The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number decreases.
D)The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number increases.
E)The mass number and atomic number do not change.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Positrons are similar in ionizing power and penetrating power to alpha particles.
B)A positron is the antiparticle of the protons.
C)Alpha particles are the heaviest particles of radioactive decay and as such have the highest penetrating power.
D)An alpha particle is a helium 2+ ion.
E)A simultaneous emission of alpha and beta rays is called gamma radiation.

Question 13

Describe what changes occur in the atomic nucleus during positron emission.

A)The mass number and atomic number decrease.
B)The mass number and atomic number increase.
C)The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number decreases.
D)The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number increases.
E)The mass number and atomic number do not change.

Question 14

Which particle has the lowest penetrating power?

A)alpha particle
B)beta particle
C)gamma rays
D)positron emission
E)electron capture

Question 15

Write a nuclear equation for the alpha decay of ${ } _ { 94 } ^ { 236 }$ Pu.

A) ${ } _ { 94 } ^ { 236 } \mathrm { Pu } \rightarrow { } _ { - 1 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm { e } + { } _ { 95 } ^ { 232 } \mathrm { Am }$
B) ${ } _ { 94 } ^ { 236 } \mathrm { Pu } \rightarrow { } _ { 2 } ^ { 4 } \mathrm { He } + { } _ { 92 } ^ { 232 } \mathrm { U }$
C) ${ } _ { 94 } ^ { 236 } \mathrm { Pu } \rightarrow { } _ { + 1 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm { e } + { } _ { 93 } ^ { 236 } \mathrm {~Np}$
D) ${ } _ { 94 } ^ { 236 } \mathrm { Pu } \rightarrow { } _ { 0 } ^ { 1 } \mathrm { n } + { } _ { 94 } ^ { 235 } \mathrm { Pu }$
E) ${ } _ { 94 } ^ { 236 } \mathrm { Pu } \rightarrow { } _ { - 1 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm { e } + { } _ { 93 } ^ { 236 } \mathrm {~Np}$

Question 16

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Gamma rays have the lowest ionizing power of any radioactivity.
B)Alpha radiation has the highest penetrating power of any radioactivity.
C)Beta emitters will do more damage than alpha emitters within the body.
D)Beta radiation has the highest ionizing power of any radioactivity.
E)Gamma radiation has the lowest penetrating power.

Question 17

Which radiation has the highest penetrating power?

A)alpha rays
B)beta rays
C)gamma rays
D)positron emission
E)electron capture

Question 18

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the alpha decay of ${ } _ { 86} ^ { 222 }$ Rn.

A) 218
84 Po
B) $\begin{array} { c } 226 \\88\end{array}$ Ra
C) ${ } _ { 90 } ^ { 224 }$ Th
D) $\begin{array} { c } 223 \\86\end{array}$ Rn
E) ${ } _ { 85 } ^ { 221 }$ At

Question 19

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the alpha decay of ${ } _ { 90 } ^ { 228 }$ Th.

A) $\begin{array} { c } 232 \\92\end{array}$ U
B) ${ } _ { 91 } ^ { 229 }$ Pa
C) ${ } _ { 88 } ^ { 224 }$ Ra
D) $\begin{array} { c } 227 \\89\end{array}$ Ac
E) ${ } _ { 90 } ^ { 229}$ Th

Question 20

Identify the radioactive green light that glows in the dark.

A)phenolphthalein
B)radioactivity
C)phosphorescence
D)desensitivity
E)neon

Question 21

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the beta decay of 14
6 C.

A) ${ } _ {7 } ^ { 14}$ N
B) 10
4 Be
C) $\begin{array} { c } 15 \\7\end{array}$ N
D) ${ } _ { 6 } ^ { 13 }$ C
E) ${ } _ { 5 } ^ {13 }$ B

Question 22

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the electron capture by ${ }_{91}^{230} \mathrm{Pa}$

A) 229
90 Th
B) 234
93 Np
C) 226
89 Ac
D) 230
92 U
E) 230
90 Th

Question 23

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the electron capture by ${ }_{4}^{7} \mathrm{Be}$

A) 11
6 C
B) $\begin{array} { l } 3 \\2\end{array}$ He
C) 8
5 B
D) 7
3 Li
E) 7
5 B

Question 24

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the beta decay of 99
43 Tc.

A) 100
44 Ru
B) ${ } _ { 45} ^ { 103}$ Rh
C) $\begin{array} { l } 95 \\41\end{array}$ Nb
D) 99
42 Mo
E) 99
44 Ru

Question 25

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the beta decay of 89
38 Sr.

A) 90
38 Sr
B) 90
39 Y
C) 89
39 Y
D) $\begin{array} { l } 85 \\36\end{array}$ Kr
E) 87
34 Se

Question 26

Identify the missing particle in the following nuclear equation:
228
90 Th ? 4
2 He + ?

A) $\begin{array} { c } 232 \\92\end{array}$ U
B) 232
89 Ac
C) 228
89 Ac
D) $\begin{array} { c } 228 \\88\end{array}$ Ra
E) 224
88 Ra

Question 27

The following reaction represents what nuclear process?
$\begin{array} { r } 137 \\55\end{array}$ Cs + $\begin{array} { c } 0 \\- 1\end{array}$ e ? $\begin{array} { r } 137 \\54\end{array}$ Xe

A)beta emission
B)positron emission
C)gamma emission
D)electron capture
E)alpha capture

Question 28

Identify the missing particle in the following nuclear equation:
214
82 Pb ? $\begin{array} { c } 0 \\- 1\end{array}$ e + ?

A) 214
83 Bi
B) 214
81 Tl
C) 213
82 Pb
D) 215
82 Pb
E) 215
81 Tl

Question 29

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the positron emission of ${ }_{7}^{13} \mathrm{N}$

A) ${ } _ { 8} ^ {13}$ O
B) 13
6 C
C) 14
8 O
D) 9
5 B
E) $\begin{array} { c } 17 \\9\end{array}$ F

Question 30

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the positron emission of ${ }_{32}^{68} \mathrm{Ge}$

A) $\begin{array} { l } 67 \\31\end{array}$ Ga
B) 69
33 As
C) 64
30 Zn
D) $\begin{array} { l } 68 \\33\end{array}$ As
E) $\begin{array} { l } 68 \\31\end{array}$ Ga

Question 31

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the electron capture by ${ }_{37}^{81} \mathrm{Rb}$

A) 81
36 Kr
B) 81
38 Sr
C) $\begin{array} { l } 77 \\35\end{array}$ Br
D) $\begin{array} { l } 85 \\39\end{array}$ Y
E) $\begin{array} { l } 80 \\36\end{array}$ Kr

Question 32

The following reaction represents what nuclear process?
214
82 Pb ? $\begin{array} { c } 0 \\- 1\end{array}$ e + 214
83 Bi

A)alpha emission
B)gamma emission
C)electron capture
D)neutron bombardment
E)beta emission

Question 33

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the electron capture by ${ }_{36}^{17} \mathrm{Cl}$

A) $\begin{array} { l } 37 \\18\end{array}$ Ar
B) 40
19 K
C) $\begin{array} { l } 36 \\16\end{array}$ S
D) $\begin{array} { l } 32 \\15\end{array}$ P
E) $\begin{array} { l } 36 \\18\end{array}$ Ar

Question 34

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the beta decay of 210
82 Pb.

A) 208
78 Pt
B) ${ } _ { 81} ^ { 209}$ Tl
C) ${ } _ { 80} ^ { 206}$ Hg
D) 210
83 Bi
E) 211
82 Pb

Question 35

The following reaction represents what nuclear process?
241
95 Am ? 4
2 He + $\begin{array} { c } 327 \\93\end{array}$ Np

A)beta emission
B)neutron bombardment
C)alpha emission
D)electron capture
E)positron emission

Question 36

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the beta decay of $\begin{array} { l } 32 \\15\end{array}$ P.

A) $\begin{array} { l } 33 \\15\end{array}$ P
B) $\begin{array} { l } 32 \\16\end{array}$ S
C) $\begin{array} { l } 33 \\16\end{array}$ S
D) $\begin{array} { l } 32 \\14\end{array}$ Si
E) $\begin{array} { l } 28 \\13\end{array}$ Al

Question 37

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the positron emission of ${ }_{9}^{18} \mathrm{F}$

A) $\begin{array} { l } 22 \\11\end{array}$ Na
B) 19
9 F
C) 14
7 N
D) 18
8 O
E) $\begin{array} { l } 18 \\10\end{array}$ Ne

Question 38

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the electron capture by ${ }_{26}^{55} \mathrm{Fe}$

A) $\begin{array} { l } 55 \\27\end{array}$ Co
B) $\begin{array} { l } 55 \\25\end{array}$ Mn
C) $\begin{array} { l } 56 \\27\end{array}$ Co
D) 54
25 Mn
E) $\begin{array} { l } 51 \\24\end{array}$ Cr

Question 39

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the positron emission of ${ }_{6}^{11} \mathrm{C}$

A) 11
5 B
B) 11
7 N
C) $\begin{array} { c } 12 \\6\end{array}$ C
D) 10
5 B
E) $\begin{array} { c } 12 \\7\end{array}$ N

Question 40

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the positron emission of ${ }_{8}^{15} \mathrm{O}$

A) $\begin{array} { c } 15 \\6\end{array}$ C
B) $\begin{array} { c } 16 \\9\end{array}$ F
C) $\begin{array} { c } 15 \\7\end{array}$ N
D) $$14$$
7 N
E) 11
6 C

Question 41

Identify the missing particle in the following nuclear equation:
238
92 U ? ? + 4
2 He + 2 $\begin{array} { l } 0 \\0\end{array}$ g

A) 238
90 Th
B) $\begin{array} { c } 232 \\88\end{array}$ Ra
C) 242
94 Pu
D) 234
90 Th
E) $\begin{array} { c } 242 \\88\end{array}$ Ra

Question 42

Nuclides below the valley of stability can become more stable through which of the following processes?

A)gamma emission
B)beta emission
C)positron emission
D)neutron emission
E)neutron bombardment

Question 43

Identify the missing particle in the following nuclear equation:
$\begin{array} { c } 235 \\92\end{array}$ U ? 90
38 Sr + ? + 2 $\begin{array} { l } 1 \\0\end{array}$ n + 4 $\begin{array} { l } 0 \\0\end{array}$ g

A) 141
52 Te
B) 144
54 Xe
C) $\begin{array} { c } 143 \\54\end{array}$ Xe
D) $\begin{array} { c } 143 \\52\end{array}$ Te
E) $\begin{array} { l } 92 \\38\end{array}$ Sr

Question 44

Identify the nuclide that has the longest half-life.

A) $\begin{array} { c } 235 \\92\end{array}$ U
B) 14
6 C
C) $\begin{array} { c } 220 \\86\end{array}$ Rn
D) 219
90 Th
E) $$232$$
90 Th

Question 45

Which of the following equations shows the correct relationship between the half-cell of a nuclide and the radioactive decay rate constant?

A)ln $\frac { N _ { t } } { N _ { 0 } }$ = - $\frac{k}{t}$

B) $\frac { N _ { t } } { N _ { 0 } }$ = - ln $\frac{k}{t}$

C) $t 1 / 2$ = 0.693 × k
D) $t 1 / 2$ = $\frac { k } { 0.693 }$
E) $t 1 / 2$ = $\frac { 0.693 } { k }$

Question 46

Which of the following nuclides are most likely to decay via positron emission?

A)Cs-137
B)I-131
C)Al-24
D)K-42
E)N-14

Question 47

Identify the missing particle in the following nuclear equation:
$\begin{array}{l}3 \\1\end{array}$
H + $\begin{array} { l } 2 \\1\end{array}$ H ? 4
2 He + ? + $\begin{array} { l } 0 \\0\end{array}$ g

A) $\begin{array} { c } 0 \\- 1\end{array}$ e
B) $\begin{array} { l } 1 \\0\end{array}$ n
C) $\begin{array} { c } 0 \\+ 1\end{array}$ e
D) 1
1 H
E) $\begin{array} { l } 0 \\0\end{array}$ g

Question 48

The radioactive decay of ________ is the single greatest source of human exposure to radiation.

A)radon
B)uranium
C)ozone
D)carbon
E)thorium

Question 49

Which of the following nuclides are most likely to decay via positron emission?

A)Na-26
B)I-121
C)Ca-42
D)S-30
E)Sb-122

Question 50

Atoms with Z > ________ are radioactive and decay in one or more steps involving mostly alpha and beta decay.

A)60
B)100
C)83
D)160
E)40

Question 51

Nuclides above the valley of stability can become more stable through which of the following processes?

A)beta emission
B)positron emission
C)gamma emission
D)electron capture
E)neutron bombardment

Question 52

Which of the following nuclides are most likely to decay via beta decay?

A)I-131
B)Ar-40
C)F-18
D)Zr-90
E)Pb-206

Question 53

Identify the nuclide that has the shortest half-life.

A) $\begin{array} { c } 235 \\92\end{array}$ U
B) 14
6 C
C) $\begin{array} { c } 220 \\86\end{array}$ Rn
D) 219
90 Th
E) 232
90 Th

Question 54

Identify the instrument used to detect radiation.

A)cathode ray tube
B)Geiger counter
C)oscillation counter
D)X-ray tube
E)nuclear magnetic resonance instruments

Question 55

Give the maximum age that can be estimated from radiocarbon dating.

A)100 000 years
B)1 000 000 years
C)50 000 years
D)5000 years
E)10 000 years

Question 56

Above what atomic number are there no stable isotopes of any element?

A)20
B)92
C)83
D)40
E)89

Question 57

Which of the following nuclides are most likely to decay via beta decay?

A)I-126
B)Al-24
C)N-13
D)Cs-137
E)Na-20

Question 58

Find a correct technique used in radiometric dating.

A)uranium-238 to bismuth-206
B)potassium-40 to argon-40
C)carbon-14 to nitrogen-11
D)lead-206 to uranium-238
E)calcium-41 to argon-42

Question 59

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)If the N/Z ratio is too high,there are too many neutrons and the nuclide will convert a neutron to a proton via beta decay.
B)If the N/Z ratio lies somewhere below 1,the nuclide is stable.
C)If the N/Z ratio is too low,there are too many neutrons and the nuclide will undergo beta decay.
D)The valley of stability is the geographic location where many of the known nuclides were first discovered.
E)All stable nuclei have an N/Z ratio equal to 1.

Question 60

Stable isotopes with low atomic numbers have an N/Z ratio of 1.What does that imply?

A)The number of neutrons equals the number of protons.
B)The number of neutrons equals the number of electrons plus protons.
C)The number of protons equals the number of electrons.
D)The atomic number equals the atomic mass.
E)The number of protons equals the number of electrons plus neutrons.

Question 61

A geological sample is found to have a Pb-206/U-238 mass ratio of 0.337/1.00.Assuming there was no Pb-206 present when the sample was formed,how old is it? The half-life of U-238 is 4.5 × 10⁹ years.

A)7.3 × 10¹¹ years
B)1.4 × 10¹⁰ years
C)2.4 × 10¹⁰ years
D)2.1 × 10⁹ years
E)7.1 × 10⁹ years

Question 62

Determine the half-life of a nuclide that loses 38.0% of its mass in 387 hours.

A)277 hours
B)455 hour
C)561 hours
D)639 hours
E)748 hours

Question 63

Calculate the mass defect in Mo-96 if the mass of a Mo-96 nucleus is 95.962 amu.The mass of a proton is 1.00728 amu and the mass of a neutron is 1.008665 amu.

A)0.197 amu
B)0.795 amu
C)0.212 amu
D)0.812 amu
E)0.188 amu

Question 64

Fluorine-18 undergoes positron emission with a half-life of 1.10 × 10² minutes.If a patient is given a 248 mg dose for a PET scan,how long will it take for the amount of fluorine-18 to drop to 83 mg? (Assume that none of the fluorine is excreted from the body.)

A)99 minutes
B)1.7 × 10² minutes
C)1.3 × 10² minutes
D)3.0 × 10² minutes
E)2.1 × 10² minutes

Question 65

The nuclide As-76 has a half-life of 26.0 hours.If a sample of As-76 weighs 344 g,what mass of As-76 remains after 538 minutes?

A)67.8 g
B)271 g
C)144 g
D)437 g
E)251 g

Question 66

Complete the following equation of transmutation.
14
7 N + 4
2 He ? $\begin{array} { c } 17 \\8\end{array}$ O + ________

A) $\begin{array} { c } 0 \\+ 1\end{array} \mathrm { e }$
B) ${ } _ { 0 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm {~g}$
C) ${ } _ { - 1 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm { e }$
D) ${ } _ { 1 } ^ { 1 } \mathrm { H }$
E) ${ } _ { 0 } ^ { 1 } \mathrm { n }$

Question 67

The following reaction represents what nuclear process?
$\begin{array} { l } 2 \\1\end{array}$ H + $\begin{array} { l } 2 \\1\end{array}$ H ? $\begin{array} { l } 3 \\2\end{array}$ He + $\begin{array} { l } 1 \\0\end{array}$ n

A)nuclear fusion
B)alpha emission
C)beta emission
D)nuclear fission
E)neutron capture

Question 68

The splitting of the uranium atom is called ________.

A)radioactive cleavage
B)nuclear fission
C)nuclear fusion
D)radioactive merge
E)the half-life

Question 69

Write a nuclear equation to describe the neutron-induced fission of U-235 to form Xe-134 and Sr-100.Determine how many neutrons are produced in the reaction.

A)4
B)3
C)1
D)0
E)2

Question 70

Complete the following equation of nuclear fusion.
$\begin{array} { l } 2 \\1\end{array}$ H + $\begin{array} { l } 3 \\1\end{array}$ H ? 4
2 He + ________

A) $\begin{array} { c } 0 \\+ 1\end{array}$ e
B) $\begin{array} { l } 0 \\0 \\\end{array}$ g
C) ${ } _ { - 1 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm { e }$
D) ${ } _ { 1 } ^ { 1 } \mathrm { H }$
E) ${ } _ { 0 } ^ { 1 } n$

Question 71

Determine how many neutrons are produced during the neutron-induced fission of 239
94 Pu to form 89
36 Kr and 149
58 Ce.

A)2
B)0
C)3
D)1
E)4

Question 72

Calculate the mass defect in Fe-56 if the mass of an Fe-56 nucleus is 55.921 amu.The mass of a proton is 1.00728 amu and the mass of a neutron is 1.008665 amu.

A)0.528 amu
B)3.507 amu
C)0.564 amu
D)1.056 amu
E)0.079 amu

Question 73

Determine how many neutrons are produced during the spontaneous fission of 244
95 Am to form I-134 and Mo-107.

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4

Question 74

The combination of two light nuclei to form a heavier nuclei is called ________.

A)radioactive cleavage
B)nuclear fission
C)nuclear fusion
D)radioactive merge
E)the half-life

Question 75

Calculate the mass defect in Ni-59 if the mass of a Ni-59 nucleus is 58.69344 amu.The mass of a proton is 1.00728 amu and the mass of a neutron is 1.008665 amu.

A)0.23212 amu
B)0.77902 amu
C)0.23041 amu
D)0.77589 amu
E)0.22198 amu

Question 76

Determine the binding energy of a F-19 nucleus.The F-19 nucleus has a mass of 18.99840325 amu.A proton has a mass of 1.00728 amu,a neutron has a mass of 1.008665 amu,and 1 amu is equivalent to 931 MeV of energy.

A)142 MeV
B)796 MeV
C)1080 MeV
D)143 MeV
E)145 MeV

Question 77

The following reaction represents what nuclear process?
$\begin{array} { c } 235 \\92\end{array}$ U + $\begin{array} { l } 1 \\0\end{array}$ n ? $\begin{array} { c } 139 \\56\end{array}$ Ba + 94
36 Kr + 3 $\begin{array} { l } 1 \\0\end{array}$ n

A)nuclear fission
B)nuclear fusion
C)electron capture
D)alpha decay
E)beta emission

Question 78

The age of an ancient tree trunk is estimated using radiocarbon dating.If the trunk has a C-14 decay rate that is 34% of what it is in living plants,how old is the trunk? The half-life of C-14 is 5730 years.

A)2.92 × 10⁴ years
B)1.94 × 10⁴ years
C)8.92 × 10³ years
D)5.31 × 10³ years
E)1.74 × 10² years

Question 79

Determine the binding energy of an O-16 nucleus.The O-16 nucleus has a mass of 15.9905 amu.A proton has a mass of 1.00728 amu,a neutron has a mass of 1.008665 amu,and 1 amu is equivalent to 931 MeV of energy.

A)8.84 MeV
B)128 MeV
C)138 MeV
D)78.1 MeV
E)38.2 MeV

Question 80

Determine the binding energy per nucleon of a Mg-24 nucleus.The Mg-24 nucleus has a mass of 24.30506.A proton has a mass of 1.00728 amu,a neutron has a mass of 1.008665 amu,and 1 amu is equivalent to 931 MeV of energy.

A)0.3050 MeV
B)8.83 MeV
C)0.113 MeV
D)106 MeV
E)4.41 MeV