Deck 5: Language, language Diversity, and Immigrant Education

Question 1

At home in Window Rock,Arizona,Shawn only speaks Navajo with his grandmother who has lived her entire life on the Navajo Reservation.When speaking with his grandmother in Navajo,Shawn is using his

A)emergent language development.
B)sheltered language.
C)Heritage language.
D)second dialect.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

By what age do most children master the sounds of their native language?

A)5 years
B)9 months
C)7 years
D)2 years

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In order to reduce the possible negative stereotypes about students who speak a different dialect,teachers should

A)accept students' dialects as a valid and correct language system,but teach the English used in formal situations as well.
B)expect to find more homonyms in the students' language than usual.
C)focus on teaching formal English to all students.
D)promote Heritage English rather than Formal English for all students.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

According to your textbook,the most desirable approach to the bilingualism in today's schools is to

A)divide students into separate language classes according to the primary language that they speak.
B)try to make students fluent in both languages.
C)employ monolingual educational strategies.
D)try to make students at least semi-lingual in their second language.

Question 5

Monika has a dialect that differs in pronunciation from her cousin who lives in another country.The concern about dialects is that they can lead to

A)humiliation by peers.
B)a delay in the development of the child's receptive vocabulary set.
C)decreased fund of knowledge.
D)spelling problems for the child.

Question 6

Which one of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Contemporary educational psychologists reject the cultural deficit model.
B)Researchers have just started to investigate the cultural deficit model in the United States during the past five years.
C)The cultural deficit model is useful for designing bilingual education programs.
D)Educational psychologists today rely upon the cultural deficit model to understand student achievement.

Question 7

The average amount of time it will take a student to learn academic language is about

A)1 year.
B)2-3 years
C)5-10 years.
D)more than 10 years.

Question 8

Which one of the following statements is TRUE?

A)There has been no research on understanding the relations between oral language,code skills,and reading achievement.
B)Preschool teachers are encouraged to teach code skills before oral language skills in order to promotes reaching achievement.
C)Oral language has been found to interfere with preschool children's reading fluency.
D)Preschool children's oral language skills plays an important role in predicting reading in the transition to school.

Question 9

Researchers have found the best time for one to learn a second language on one's own is

A)during middle childhood
B)adolescence
C)early childhood
D)adulthood when cognitive skills are developed

Question 10

Susana says "my backpack was forgotted",which is example of what problem of learning grammar?

A)She overregularized the word "forget" by applying a rule to every language situation.
B)She has a disability related to pragmatics.
C)She misuses monolingual educational strategies.
D)She shows evidence of being semi-lingual in her second language.

Question 11

Which one of the following statements is TRUE?

A)According to Woolfolk and other researchers,emerging readers use both decoding skills and oral language skills.
B)By age 3 most children should be able to create sentences with an average of 5 words.
C)Teachers should encourage students not to use their Heritage language during school hours.
D)Pragmatics refers to overusing a grammatical rule in appropriate situations.

Question 12

Children who are raised bilingual from birth can be expected to:

A)reach the language milestones in both languages at about the same time.
B)to learn the pragmatics of one language before the other language.
C)develop a receptive vocabulary set in only one language.
D)to develop inside-out skills in one language before their second language.

Question 13

Generally,students are not ready to study the rules of a language formally until about age five.This is when most students have started to gain

A)literacy.
B)metalinguistic awareness.
C)semantic speech.
D)syntax.

Question 14

Teachers must also pay attention to _____________,which are the different ways of talking for males and females.

A)genderlects
B)sheltered language.
C)Heritage language.
D)code-switches

Question 15

An adolescent who knows how to keep a conversation going at an informal gathering is demonstrating good

A)emergent language development.
B)sheltered language.
C)pragmatics.
D)syntax

Question 16

Research on bilingualism suggests that

A)the division of students into separate English classes according to the primary language is desirable.
B)learning a second language interferes with use of the first language.
C)the more skilled the individual is in the first language,the faster he/she will learn a second language.
D)the more skilled the individual is in the first language,the slower he/she will learn a second language.

Question 17

Receptive vocabulary refers to:

A)how open the student is to learning a second language.
B)the words a student can understand in spoken or written words.
C)words that change over time due to culture.
D)words children learn as a result of scaffolding.

Question 18

A language variation spoken by a particular ethnic,social,or regional group is called a

A)dialect.
B)language disorder.
C)pronunciation problem.
D)standard speech.

Question 19

The period considered to be the most sensitive for language development occurs

A)after puberty.
B)about the time of puberty.
C)during the first year of life.
D)during early childhood.

Question 20

The area of language that specifically deals with the ordering of words is called

A)awareness.
B)scaffolding.
C)semantics.
D)syntax.

Question 21

Scott,who is a grade 12 student and a native English speaker,is starting to learn French.According to the text,which activity will likely be the most difficult for him to successfully engage in?

A)watching a television program in French
B)having a conversation in French with his friend Richard
C)reading a history book written in French
D)listening to the news on a French radio station

Question 22

Research on bilingual education shows that teaching some subjects in a students' native (non-English or non-French)language

A)helps students achieve in those subject areas.
B)retards their development of English.
C)depresses self-esteem.
D)has negative effects on reading comprehension.

Question 23

Barry was forced to learn biology for a semester in Italy.The instruction took place entirely in Italian,his second language.According to some psychologists,this approach is likely to lead Barry to be

A)bilingual.
B)unilingual.
C)semilingual.
D)experiencing code-switching.

Question 24

Which of the following is a myth about bilingual students?

A)Learning a second language takes little time and effort.
B)It takes great effort and attention to maintain high-level skills in both languages.
C)Children must be tested in both languages to determine language disorders.
D)Children need to use both languages in many contexts.

Question 25

Hamid had to leave his home country for Canada as his family feared their safety.Hamid would be considered a(n)

A)immigrant.
B)refugee.
C)vacationer.
D)transient worker.