Deck 13: Creating Learning Environments

Question 1

Time when students are actually succeeding at the learning task is referred to as

A)hot cognition time.
B)academic learning time.
C)allocated time.
D)engaged time.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which one of the following rules,based on your text's recommendations,seems to be more appropriate for secondary school classes than for elementary school classes?

A)Bring all materials to class.
B)Listen attentively when others are speaking.
C)Obey all school rules.
D)Respect other students' property.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The essential difference between rules and procedures is that rules are

A)established by schools; teachers establish procedures.
B)seldom written; procedures are usually written.
C)what and what not to do; procedures involve how to do activities.
D)concerned with behaviours; procedures deal with cognitive activities.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Greg was trying to pass Bill a note,but Bill kept his eyes on his own work and thought,"Why does Greg do this to me? Mrs.Pepper will spot him for sure.She never misses anything.You'd think she could read minds." Mrs.Pepper could be described as exhibiting what characteristic?

A)Assertiveness
B)Group focus
C)Movement management
D)Withitness

Question 5

When handing in material,Mr.Spark's students pass their work forward to the students in the front row,who then pass the materials from left to right.This approach is an example of classroom

A)organizational behaviours.
B)procedures.
C)protocols.
D)rules.

Question 6

Sherry's class knows that different behaviours are expected (and tolerated)during different kinds of activities.It is likely that her class has a good understanding of

A)each activity's goal.
B)participation structures.
C)self-management techniques.
D)structuring rules.

Question 7

Based on Doyle's analysis of classroom characteristics and management needs,the main task for teachers is viewed as

A)dealing effectively with misbehaviour when it occurs.
B)gaining students' cooperation for learning tasks.
C)trying to ensure that students will be obedient.
D)working actively with administrators and teachers.

Question 8

Kenneth frequently misbehaves in Ms.Lindquist's biology class.Which one of the following penalties for his misbehaviour is based on Weinstein and Mignano's categories of negative consequences?

A)Having Kenneth stand in the hall or the back of the class
B)Having Kenneth write an essay about his misbehaviour and its effects
C)Having Kenneth write multiple times what he shouldn't do (e.g.,"I should not talk in class.")
D)Using mild physical punishment with Kenneth whenever he misbehaves

Question 9

At what educational level is the direct teaching of classroom rules and procedures most critical for effective classroom management?

A)Early elementary
B)High school
C)Middle elementary
D)Late elementary to middle school

Question 10

Penny is an eighth-grade student in Mr.James' German class.Whenever Mr.James turns to the chalkboard,Penny pokes the student in front of her.The other students laugh,and it takes time to calm the class down.Which one of the following strategies would be the most appropriate for changing Penny's behaviour?

A)After-school detention
B)Contact with parents
C)Exclusion from group activities
D)Expressions of disappointment

Question 11

Weinstein and Mignano found that expert teachers primarily used detention to

A)assemble misbehaving students so they could be dealt with as a group.
B)make the consequences somewhat public so that peer pressure to behave may be encouraged.
C)prevent the student from participating in a desired extra-curricular activity.
D)talk privately with the student about why the particular misbehaviour occurred.

Question 12

Although specific consequences may be established for specific misbehaviour,your text suggests a general consequence for many problems.This general consequence is

A)extra school-related work.
B)redoing the procedure or activity correctly.
C)removing all reinforcement.
D)time-out or detention.

Question 13

Approximately what percentage of a student's time in school is devoted to meaningful,appropriate learning tasks?

A)25 percent
B)33 percent
C)45 percent
D)50 percent

Question 14

What is the key element underlying participation structures for different classroom activities?

A)Access to performance goals
B)Awareness of rules
C)Providing cognitive activities
D)Self-management

Question 15

Ms.Rivers has a student,Monika,who has difficulty completing her in-class work.Although Ms.Rivers allows plenty of time for study and Monika is actively working,Monika's efforts appear to be limited by

A)academic learning time.
B)allocated time.
C)class time.
D)time on task.

Question 16

Mr.Marshall's first two science classes were devoted to demonstrating and explaining rules and procedures in the laboratory.Based on research involving effective management,this procedure will probably result in

A)loss of student interest and involvement in the subject.
B)poor understanding of the course material.
C)rushing through much material to make up the lost time.
D)time gained over the course of the school year for learning activities.

Question 17

Which one of the following time measures would generally have the highest correlation with school achievement?

A)Academic learning time
B)Allocated time
C)Class time
D)Engaged time

Question 18

Classrooms contain many different people with differing values,attitudes,and goals.This is why classrooms are said by Doyle to be

A)multidimensional.
B)simultaneous.
C)unpredictable.
D)public.

Question 19

According to your text,one of the best ways to avoid discipline problems is to

A)have a comprehensive set of rules.
B)keep the group focused on productive learning.
C)make the classroom a pleasant environment.
D)refer problem students to the counselor.

Question 20

What term designates the area in a classroom where the greatest amount of interaction takes place?

A)Action zone
B)Fishbowl area
C)Personal territories
D)Zone of proximal development

Question 21

The purpose of using choral responses is to establish

A)group focus.
B)movement management.
C)overlapping.
D)withitness.

Question 22

If you use empathetic listening in a discussion with a student,there is likely to be an increase in what type of behaviour?

A)Criticism
B)Defensiveness
C)Problem solving
D)Solution messages

Question 23

Thomas Gordon stresses that the first step in solving a problem is to determine

A)if a rule has been broken.
B)who is at fault.
C)who owns the problem.
D)why the problem has occurred.

Question 24

Your text suggests that,as a first step toward dealing with a discipline problem,teachers should

A)ask the student to state the correct rule or procedure.
B)give the student a nonverbal signal to stop.
C)give the student a soft reprimand.
D)tell the student in a clear,assertive way to stop.

Question 25

What is the best way to deal first with a defiant,hostile student?

A)Be consistent in applying established consequences.
B)Give the student a chance to cool down and save face.
C)Have a conference with the counselor and parents.
D)Make sure that the school office is aware of the incident.

Question 26

Jeremiah throws his book at Sally,but Mrs.Fox mistakenly reprimands Sally for the disruption.Mrs.Fox has made what kind of error?

A)Movement
B)Selection
C)Target
D)Timing

Question 27

What is the primary rationale for using the paraphrase rule with a class?

A)Encourage students to speak in full sentences.
B)Give students the benefit of the doubt when they break a rule.
C)Increase students' communication skills.
D)Promote classroom interactions among students.

Question 28

A key element in empathetic listening is

A)giving students clear prescriptions about what actions to take.
B)ignoring the students' emotions and attending only to verbal behaviours.
C)reflecting back to the student what you think that student is saying.
D)sending students "I" messages in order to change the student's behaviour.

Question 29

An adolescent student approaches a teacher and says,"I can't sleep very well at night and worry about all the mess in my life." Gordon would identify this situation as a(n)

A)external-stable crisis.
B)identity crisis.
C)student-owned problem.
D)teacher-owned problem.

Question 30

In determining who owns a problem,what basic question should the teacher ask?

A)"Can I do anything about solving the problem?"
B)"Does the problem tangibly affect me and disrupt my role?"
C)"How long has the problem been bothersome to the class?"
D)"Who is annoyed most by this problem?"

Question 31

Ms.Summers teaches sixth grade in a rural middle school.Henry,a student in her class,is constantly out of his seat.When Ms.Summers confronts him and asks him to take a seat,Henry becomes angry and acts hostile.Which of the following actions should be considered for dealing with Henry?

A)Ask other students to intervene in helping to prevent open rebellion.
B)Send another student immediately to notify the principal's office.
C)Stand your ground and do not back down; be firm and strong.
D)Wait for a few minutes for Henry to calm down before taking action.

Question 32

Mr.Blake was unhappy."Sam,I've told you time and time again.Please try to behave." Mr.Blake's response style can be described as

A)accusative.
B)assertive.
C)empathetic.
D)passive.

Question 33

Wendy,a ninth grader,is very bright and energetic in class.She always knows the right answer and pays close attention.Her only problem is that she rarely hands in homework.Her teacher should

A)enforce the established consequences for incomplete work.
B)ignore the problem behaviour so that it will extinguish.
C)place Wendy on a system of token reinforcement.
D)relax the rules slightly so that she can catch up.

Question 34

Kathy's student teacher works well with small groups,but she finds it difficult to keep track of the rest of the class during small group sessions.Kathy should work with her student teacher to develop

A)group focus.
B)movement management.
C)overlapping.
D)withitness.

Question 35

According to Kounin's strategy for effective management,the key goal is

A)enforcement of consequences.
B)preventing misbehaviour from occurring.
C)selecting appropriate punishments and reinforcers.
D)stating rules.

Question 36

Which one of the following teachers is sending an "I" message to a student?

A)"I feel a little upset right now because I am the only one who disagrees with this position."
B)"I hear you saying that you do not understand what Mary is saying."
C)"I like David's suggestion.It shows a lot of imagination,so let's try to use it."
D)"I think that Sam should be given the benefit of the doubt about this issue."

Question 37

A hostile response style is to assertive discipline as a passive response style is to use

A)empathetic responses.
B)"I" messages.
C)ignoring responses.
D)paraphrasing messages.

Question 38

In movement management,a major problem is to

A)avoid abrupt and slowdown transitions.
B)keep group focus.
C)demonstrate withitness.
D)watch for overlapping activities.

Question 39

Mr.Crain experiences a discipline problem with Joe.In imposing penalties,Mr.Crain should

A)discuss the situation with Joe immediately after the infraction occurs.
B)negotiate the level of punishment with Joe.
C)re-establish a positive relationship with Joe as quickly as possible.
D)reprimand Joe publicly in order to gain the support of the group.

Question 40

What is the purpose of the paraphrase rule?

A)To clarify understanding
B)To elaborate the concept idea
C)To identify a hidden message
D)To point out a problem

Question 41

A limitation of encouraging students to become self-managers is the amount of time required to accomplish this goal.

Question 42

Research has shown that approximately half of the time allocated for school turns out to be academic learning time.

Question 43

According to David Johnson and his colleagues' five-step negotiating strategy,the first step is to

A)have the students jointly define the problem or conflict.
B)separate the students in order to define the conflict.
C)require the students to take the reverse perspective so they can consider the other person's point of view.
D)ask the students to invent at least two arguments that allow mutual gain.

Question 44

Which one of the following behaviours would be considered an "assertive response" to a discipline problem?

A)"If you do that once more,you'll be punished."
B)"If you weren't so slow,we could be finished by now."
C)"Stop talking and return to your seats."
D)"Why do you persist in annoying the class?"

Question 45

One of the characteristics proposed by Doyle for a multidimensional classroom is predictability.

Question 46

The program BrainPower,developed by Cynthia Hudley and her colleagues (2007)is grounded in

A)cooperative learning principles.
B)attribution theory.
C)constructivism.
D)behaviourism.

Question 47

Effective managers communicate rules over time rather than primarily during the beginning weeks of school.

Question 48

Decisions about penalties and rewards should be made early in the school year so that students will know before they break a rule or use the wrong procedure what the consequences will be.

Question 49

The fishbowl arrangement in the classroom helps to create a feeling of group cohesion.

Question 50

Kounin has suggested that the key element of effective classroom manager's styles is prevention of misbehaviour.

Question 51

Effective teachers who practice culturally responsive classroom management usually have high expectations of their students and demonstrate great care for their students.These effective teachers are often referred to as ________.

A)compromising.
B)multidimensional.
C)warm demanders.
D)accommodating.

Question 52

Gordon's "no-lose" method of dealing with conflicts involves

A)having both the teacher and the students participate in the solution.
B)having students vote on the best solution to the problem.
C)imposing a solution for the problem on the students.
D)using empathetic listening to help the students discover the solution on their own.

Question 53

The number of minutes available for learning is called engaged time.

Question 54

Which one of the following behaviours is likely to be the most successful method for a teacher to follow in attempting to resolve a conflict with a student?

A)Give in to the student's demands.
B)Impose a solution on the student.
C)Negotiate assertive discipline.
D)Try Gordon's "no-lose" method.

Question 55

A teacher who is skilled in overlapping can monitor several classroom events at the same time.

Question 56

A circle seating arrangement is generally inappropriate for whole-group presentations.

Question 57

Participation structures help define how students should behave in various types of activities.

Question 58

In regards to personal territories,and action zones,researchers recently have recommended teachers:

A)utilize engaged learning time and encourage students to work independently.
B)not rely on computers that can slow down the action in a classroom.
C)design the physical space of the classroom so that students are forced to sit in dyads.
D)"spread the action around" by moving around the room when possible and asking direct questions of students who are seated far away.

Question 59

The most effective set of classroom rules is one that specifically spells out as many of the "do's and don'ts" as possible.

Question 60

There are three basic ways of organizing space in the classroom: (1)interest areas,(2)personal territories,and (3)teacher territories.

Question 61

Both research evidence and classroom practice indicate that assertive discipline is an effective management technique.

Question 62

Activities that are accomplished in the classroom are described as ________.

Question 63

The people,tasks,and time pressures are described by Doyle as reflecting the ________ nature of a classroom.

Question 64

The time students spend working on learning tasks,while experiencing a high rate of success,is called ________ learning time.

Question 65

In Gordon's "no-lose method" of conflict resolution the needs of both the teacher and the students are taken into account.

Question 66

Of the seven ways suggested for stopping misbehaviour quickly,the least intrusive way is the make eye contact with,or move closer to,the offender.

Question 67

The informal rules that define when and how students may interact with one another during given activities are called ________ structures.

Question 68

Use of the paraphrase rule is more effective with college-age students than with younger students.

Question 69

Experts agree there are times when teachers must use grades as a means of discipline or penalty for misbehaviour.

Question 70

Empathetic listening is an effective strategy for helping students to find solutions to problems by keeping the lines of communication open.

Question 71

If a student tells you that he broke up with his girlfriend last night and was unable to complete his homework,it is the teacher's responsibility to see that the homework gets completed.

Question 72

The important goal of classroom management to expand the sheer number of minutes available for learning is called ________.

Question 73

Keeping track of and supervising several activities at the same time is called ________.

Question 74

Teachers who appear to have "eyes in the back of their head" due to their awareness of everything that happens in the classroom are considered by Kounin to be skilled in ________.

Question 75

Choral responding is used to maintain ________ by keeping the whole class attentive to the lesson activities.

Question 76

When students are actively attending to learning material,the process is called ________ time or time on task.

Question 77

In addition to the goals of having time for learning and access to learning,the third goal of any classroom management system is ________.

Question 78

The amount of time spent actively involved in specific learning tasks is often called engaged time or ________.

Question 79

The most important thing for secondary teachers to do with regard to classroom management is to enforce the established consequences for incomplete work.

Question 80

Movement management means propelling the class lesson at an appropriate and flexible pace and avoiding abrupt transitions and slowdowns.