Deck 1: Drug Actions and Body Responses

Question 1

The likelihood that a drug will sequester (be trapped)in fat cells and remain in the body longer is increased by which drug characteristic?

A) Physical small size
B) Physical large size
C) Dissolves easily in water
D) Dissolves easily in lipids

Answer 1

Dissolves easily in lipids

Question 2

Which type of drug name is used mainly by drug developers and manufacturers,and not by prescribers?

A) Generic name
B) Brand or trade name
C) Chemical name
D) Proprietary name

Answer 2

Chemical name

Question 3

A patient has all of the following health problems.Which problem causes the nurse to be alert for an increased risk for drug side effects?

A) Asthma
B) Kidney disease
C) GI ulcers
D) Chronic high blood pressure

Answer 3

Kidney disease

Question 4

What major consideration allows a drug to be available over the counter rather than by prescription?

A) Side effects are not induced by the drug.
B) Over-the-counter drugs must cost less than prescription drugs.
C) The drug is so mild that no federal regulations are needed.
D) The drug is safe when the directions for dosage and scheduling are followed.

Question 5

How are the terms drug and medication different in the health care environment?

A) Medications must be prescribed, whereas drugs are available over the counter.
B) Medications are used to treat health problems, whereas drugs can be abused.
C) Drugs are always illegal, whereas medications are legal.
D) There is no difference between these two terms.

Question 6

In the United States,which group is responsible for enforcing established standards for drug manufacturing?

A) United States Pharmacopeia
B) National Institutes of Health
C) Food and Drug Administration
D) Association of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers

Question 7

How are intrinsic drugs different from extrinsic drugs?

A) Intrinsic drugs are made by the body, whereas extrinsic drugs are made outside the body.
B) Intrinsic drugs are administered by the parenteral route, whereas extrinsic drugs are administered by the oral route.
C) Extrinsic drugs can only be applied to the skin or mucous membranes, whereas intrinsic drugs are taken internally.
D) Extrinsic drugs require a prescription for administration, whereas intrinsic drugs are available over the counter.

Question 8

Which patient response indicates a drug's therapeutic response?

A) Ankle swelling
B) Bone strengthening
C) Constipation
D) Dizziness

Question 9

Which drug administration route is the most dangerous?

A) Enteral
B) Intravenous
C) Transdermal
D) Subcutaneous

Question 10

How are the effects of naturally occurring testosterone changed when a patient is taking a drug that is a testosterone agonist?

A) Effects are increased
B) Effects are decreased
C) Effects are eliminated
D) Effects are unchanged

Question 11

Which statement about agonist and antagonist drugs is true?

A) The target tissues for these types of drugs are invading bacteria and viruses.
B) Both agonist and antagonist drugs must interact with receptors to produce their intended responses.
C) Antagonist drugs produce only intended responses and agonist drugs produce both intended responses and side effects.
D) These types of drugs are less likely to cause allergic responses than drugs that are neither agonists nor antagonists.

Question 12

Which statement about drug side effects is true?

A) All drugs have side effects.
B) Severe side effects are all considered allergic responses.
C) All patients taking a specific drug experience the same side effects.
D) Any patient experiencing a drug side effect must stop taking the drug immediately.

Question 13

The nurse is teaching a patient about adverse drug reactions (ADRs).Which precaution is most important for the nurse to include?

A) "Take your medications right before you go to bed so that you can sleep through an ADR."
B) "Keep a written record of the date and time an ADR occurs."
C) "Stop taking the drug and flush it down the toilet."
D) "Immediately seek medical help."

Question 14

Why must the nurse always ask a patient about his or her use of any herbal supplements or botanicals?

A) Many states do not have regulations about herbal supplements or botanicals.
B) These substances are illegal and the nurse must report patients' use of them.
C) Patients who use botanicals seldom take their prescribed drugs.
D) These substances can interact with a prescribed drug.

Question 15

What would be a patient's response to a drug dose that is below the minimum effective concentration (MEC)?

A) Drug entry exceeds drug elimination.
B) The intended response fails to occur.
C) The risk for toxic side effects is increased.
D) The drug's duration of action is longer than expected.

Question 16

Which drug administration route is most likely to result in reduced drug bioavailability?

A) Enteral
B) Intravenous
C) Transdermal
D) Subcutaneous

Question 17

Which factor is a major disadvantage of the transdermal drug delivery route?

A) Only a prescriber can administer drugs by the transdermal route.
B) Transdermal drugs must be sterile rather than clean.
C) First pass drug loss by this route is the most extensive.
D) Drug absorption is dependent on adequate circulation.

Question 18

Morphine and hydromorphone (Dilaudid)are two types of opioid receptor agonists used for pain management.Hydromorphone is a more potent drug than morphine,and lower doses are needed to control pain.How do actions at receptor sites explain this difference?

A) Morphine remains bound to opioid receptors longer than hydromorphone does.
B) Hydromorphone remains bound to opioid receptors longer than morphine does.
C) Morphine is metabolized and eliminated at a faster rate than hydromorphone.
D) Hydromorphone is metabolized and eliminated at a faster rate than morphine.

Question 19

The nurse administers orally 400 mg of a drug with a half-life of 2 hours at noon.At which time will the patient's blood drug level first be less than 40 mg?

A) 2:00 PM
B) 6:00 PM
C) 8:00 PM
D) Midnight

Question 20

A patient has a deficiency of an enzyme that prepares a specific drug for elimination.When planning care for this patient,the nurse remains alert for which response or issue?

A) Toxic blood levels of the drug are more likely to occur.
B) Higher drug dosages will be needed for the intended action to occur.
C) The drug will be eliminated more rapidly in the feces rather than in the urine.
D) Delivery of this drug by the parenteral route is more effective than by the enteral route.

Question 21

Why are antibiotics from the tetracycline drug group seldom prescribed during pregnancy?

A) Although the mother may have an infection, the fetus does not; giving these drugs to the mother would expose the fetus to unnecessary drugs.
B) The pregnant woman does not metabolize tetracycline to its active form and excessively high doses are needed for an intended action.
C) These drugs reduce the thickness of the enamel in developing teeth, so the infant would have darkly stained teeth.
D) The fetal liver is too immature to inactivate these drugs and eliminate them; they increase the risk for severe birth defects.

Question 22

Which precaution is most important for the nurse to teach parents about giving an over-the-counter (OTC)drug to a child?

A) "OTC drugs are only for adults, not children."
B) "Be sure to crush the tablets or capsules to prevent choking."
C) "Check with your pediatrician or pharmacist for the proper dosage."
D) "Only use the liquid form of the drug to make it easier to swallow."

Question 23

A patient with severe heart failure asks why the prescriber has lowered the dosages of most of the patient's daily medications.What is the nurse's best response?

A) "With a weaker heart, the drugs stay in your system longer, so you don't need as high a dosage."
B) "Your heart drugs enhance the action of your other drugs, reducing the need for higher dosages."
C) "Your heart is not strong enough to tolerate these drugs, making the risk for a heart attack higher."
D) "The drugs are very expensive, and with these heart problems your health is not expected to improve."

Question 24

Which body tissues or fluids are routes of drug elimination?

A) Bone marrow
B) Heart
C) Liver
D) Lungs
E) Ovary
F) Saliva
G) Tears

Question 25

A patient is prescribed a drug that has an extremely short half-life for chest pain (angina).Which modification in drug dosage or scheduling does the nurse expect?

A) Once-daily dosing
B) More frequent dosing
C) Larger first dose and smaller repeat doses
D) Parenteral doses greater than enteral doses

Question 26

An adult patient weighing 180 lb is prescribed a drug dose of 2 mg/kg.What dose does the nurse prepare for this patient?
_____ mg

Question 27

A 25-year-old patient is prescribed a pregnancy category D drug for acne for 6 months.Which precaution is most important for the nurse to teach?

A) "Drugs in this category reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives and you will need to switch to another form of birth control to prevent pregnancy."
B) "One side effect of drugs in this category is nausea, which will make morning sickness more severe if you become pregnant while taking this drug."
C) "Use two reliable forms of birth control during the next 6 months because drugs in this category cause severe birth defects."
D) "Your risk for sexually transmitted diseases is increased while taking this drug and for 3 months after therapy is completed."