Deck 43: Immunizations and Communicable Diseases

Question 1

The nurse is teaching parents how to prevent the spread of infectious disease. Which is the priority health promotion strategy the nurse should recommend for all age groups of children?
1) Decreasing environmental exposure to pathogens
2) Performing hand hygiene
3) Ensuring all toys are clean and free from germs
4) Keeping child away from sick adults

Answer 1

2

Question 2

A nurse is providing information to a group of new mothers. Which rationale, indicating increased susceptibility for infant infection, should the nurse include in the teaching session?
1) Low levels of antibodies
2) High levels of maternal antibodies to diseases to which the mother has been exposed
3) Passive transplacental immunity from maternal immunoglobulin G
4) Exposure to microorganisms during the birth process

Answer 2

1

Question 3

Which common mode of infectious disease should the nurse include in a teaching session with parents within the community?
1) Playing with the same toy
2) Coughing without covering the mouth
3) Sitting together eating meals
4) Playing board games

Answer 3

2

Question 4

The mother of an immunocompromised child expresses concern that her child will "catch" a disease from the scheduled vaccination. Which vaccines should be administered to this child as they carry no risk for acquiring the infection?
1) Toxoid
2) Killed virus vaccine
3) Live virus vaccine
4) Attenuated vaccine
5) Immunoglobulins

Question 5

A mother brings in her 4-month-old infant for a routine checkup and vaccinations. The mother reports that her child was exposed to the flu. Which nursing action is accurate based on the current data?
1) Withhold the DTaP vaccination but give the others as scheduled.
2) Give the infant the flu vaccination but withhold the others.
3) Give the vaccinations as scheduled.
4) Withhold the vaccinations.

Question 6

The nurse is teaching a preschool-age child and parents the importance of hand washing after using the toilet. Which rationale for this practice should the nurse include in the teaching session?
1) Children's immune systems are not fully developed.
2) It is the main way to limit the transmission of disease.
3) Not all bathrooms are clean.
4) Children do not like to have dirty hands.

Question 7

The pediatric clinic has set a goal that 95% or more of the children attending the clinic will be fully immunized. Which should the clinic nurses teach the families to meet this goal?
1) The benefits of immunizations outweigh the risks of communicable diseases.
2) Immunizations should be completed by the time the child starts school.
3) Once a child receives a vaccination, that individual has lifelong immunity against that disease.
4) Vaccinations are 100% safe.

Question 8

A parent reports that her 5-year-old child, who has had all recommended immunizations, had a mild fever 1 week ago and now has bright red cheeks and a lacy red maculopapular rash on the trunk and arms. Which diagnosis does the nurse anticipate based on the current data?
1) Rubeola (measles)
2) German measles (rubella)
3) Chickenpox (varicella)
4) Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum)

Question 9

A mother refuses to have her child immunized with the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine because she believes that letting her infant get these diseases will help him fight off other diseases later in life. Which is an appropriate response by the nurse?
1) Telling the mother that by not immunizing the child she may be exposing pregnant women to the virus, which could cause fetal harm
2) Honoring the mother's request because she is the parent
3) Telling the mother that she is wrong and should have her child immunized
4) Explaining the potential complications of measles, mumps, and rubella infections

Question 10

The nurse is teaching the mother of a newborn how the immune system functions. Which statement regarding the process that occurs when healthy children are exposed to infection indicates accurate understanding of the information presented?
1) "Children who are exposed to infection naturally develop antibodies."
2) "Children who are exposed to infection are found to be healthier."
3) "Children who are exposed to infection will acquire terminal illnesses."
4) "Children who are exposed to infection will have weakened immune systems."

Question 11

A nurse is providing education to a group of new mothers regarding immunity and infection. Which information regarding the development of immunity should the nurse include in the teaching session?
1) Acquired through immunization or exposure to the natural disease
2) Acquired through exposure to diseases from family members
3) Acquired through diseases from other children
4) Newborns being born with diseases already in their systems

Question 12

A 2-year-old child with a fever is prescribed amoxicillin clavulanate 250 mg/5 mL 3 times daily by mouth for 10 days for otitis media. Which is the priority teaching instruction for the parents of this child?
1) Giving the antibiotic for the full 10 days
2) Measuring the prescribed dose in a household teaspoon
3) Spreading the dose evenly during daylight hours
4) Stopping the antibiotic when the child is afebrile

Question 13

The nurse prepares a DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus toxoid, and acellular pertussis) immunization for a 6-month-old infant. Which nursing action is accurate to safely administer this vaccine to the infant?
1) Administering the vaccine by ID (intradermal) injection
2) Administering the vaccine by SQ (subcutaneous) injection
3) Administering the vaccine by IM (intramuscular) injection
4) Administering the vaccine via a nasal spray

Question 14

Which is the priority nursing action when it is suspected that an infectious agent has been used as a weapon by terrorists?
1) Separating clients according to age
2) Initiating airborne and contacts precautions
3) Separating clients according to level of development
4) Disposing of blood-contaminated needles in the lead-lined container

Question 15

The hospital has instructed its nurses that they must participate in disease surveillance associated with infectious agents. Which disease(s) are likely to be the weapons of terrorists?
1) Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Lyme disease
2) Plague, anthrax, and smallpox
3) Rubella, mumps, and chickenpox
4) Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

Question 16

Which nursing action is most appropriate to decrease the risk of transmitting viral infections by clients and family members at a local clinic?
1) Sanitizing toys, telephones, and doorknobs to kill pathogens
2) Teaching parents safe food preparation and storage
3) Withholding immunizations for children with compromised immune systems
4) Allowing all children to congregate in the same waiting room

Question 17

Which parental action indicates accurate understanding of information presented by the nurse to treat a fever related to otitis media?
1) Putting the child in a tub of cold water to reduce the fever
2) Alternating acetaminophen with ibuprofen every 2 hours
3) Offering generous amounts of fluids frequently
4) Using aspirin every 4 hours to reduce the fever

Question 18

A child who has not had a tetanus immunization steps on a rusty nail. Which term should the nurse use to identify the tetanus immunization when teaching the parents about the vaccine?
1) Toxoid
2) Live virus
3) Killed virus
4) Recombinant

Question 19

The nurse is providing care to a child who is diagnosed with Lyme disease. The mother wants to know how to protect her other children from contracting this disease from the infected child. Which should the nurse include in the teaching session regarding the transmission of this disease process?
1) Lyme disease is passed from person to person.
2) Lyme disease is passed from animals to person.
3) Lyme disease is passed from adults to children.
4) Lyme disease is passed from person to insects.

Question 20

Which should the nurse use when reconstituting vaccines?
1) The diluents provided
2) Normal saline
3) Any solution available
4) Sterile water

Question 21

Which live virus vaccines should the nurse teach to parents as being used to decrease the risk of communicable diseases? Select all that apply.
1) Poliovirus
2) Tetanus
3) Measles
4) Varicella
5) Hepatitis B

Question 22

Which statement regarding what was found during the nurse's daily check of the vaccine refrigerator would cause concern about the potency of the vaccines?
1) The vaccine was frozen as labeled.
2) The vaccines have been stored in a refrigerator where the temperature has been maintained between 35 and 46^° F.
3) The vaccine's expiration date expires within the next month.
4) The vaccine is stored in the door of the refrigerator.

Question 23

The nurse is preparing to administer a vaccine to a 14-month-old toddler. Which assessment factor would warrant a delay in the scheduled vaccination during the well-child visit?
1) The child is allergic to a substance in the vaccine.
2) The child has a low-grade fever and a runny nose.
3) The child received a dose of immune globulin 2 months ago.
4) The child is on antibiotics.

Question 24

Which nursing actions allow a child to acquire active immunity against a disease?
1) Administering a dose of immunoglobulins
2) Administering a killed virus vaccine
3) Administering a toxoid vaccine
4) Administering antibiotic therapy
5) Administering antiviral therapy

Question 25

There has been an outbreak of communicable diseases in the community. To reduce parental anxiety, the nurse presents information about disease at the school's Parent Teacher Association meeting. Which vectorborne diseases, not communicable from person to person, should the nurse include in the teaching session? Select all that apply.
1) Measles
2) Whooping cough
3) Rocky Mountain spotted fever
4) West Nile virus
5) Lyme disease

Question 26

Which recombinant vaccines should the nurse teach to parents as being used to decrease the risk of communicable diseases? Select all that apply.
1) Poliovirus
2) Tetanus
3) Measles
4) Acellular pertussis
5) Hepatitis B

Question 27

Which medication should the nurse include in a pamphlet to educate parents about methods to reduce the risk of children developing Reye syndrome?
1) Antibiotics
2) Acetaminophen
3) Ibuprofen
4) Aspirin

Question 28

Which vaccine reaction, noted by the mother during a telephone conversation with a nurse, would require activation of emergency medical services?
1) A few hives are noted around the injection site.
2) The child is running a slight temperature.
3) The child has swelling of the face.
4) Fever and joint pains occurring within hours of the vaccination.

Question 29

The nurse administers the flu vaccine to a school-age child. Which should the nurse include in the documentation for the administration of this vaccine? Select all that apply.
1) The date of the last flu vaccine
2) The site of the vaccination
3) The lot and serial number of the vaccine
4) The date and time of administration.
5) Who assisted in restraining the child

Question 30

Which communicable diseases, preventable through childhood immunization, should the nurse include in a presentation to families at a local community center wellness fair? (Select all that apply.)
1) Measles
2) Chickenpox
3) Fifth disease
4) Mononucleosis
5) Whooping cough

Question 31

Which vaccines should the nurse prepare to administer to a 6-month-old infant during a scheduled well-child visit? Select all that apply.
1) DTaP vaccine
2) Hib vaccine
3) HPV4 vaccine
4) MMR vaccine
5) PCV13 vaccine

Question 32

Which vaccines should the nurse prepare to administer to an 11-year-old child during a scheduled well-child visit? Select all that apply.
1) DTaP vaccine
2) Hib vaccine
3) HPV4 vaccine
4) MMR vaccine
5) MenACWY-D