Deck 14: Nutrition Intervention and Diet-Drug Interactions

Question 1

For patients on medication, nutrition intervention includes advice on managing nutrient-related medication problems.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Which of the following does not indicate the need to adjust a modified diet?

A)a patient is not satisfied with the diet
B)a patient is not tolerating the diet
C)a patient complains of poor appetite
D)a patient's condition changes

Answer 2

C

Question 3

One of the characteristics of modified diets is:

A)they are not included in a diet manual.
B)they are always the same regardless of patient preferences.
C)they are altered in consistency or nutrient content.
D)they include all foods.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Once nutrition problems have been diagnosed, the nurse identifies expected outcomes to correct the problems.

Question 5

Standard hospital diets provide all the nutrients in amounts appropriate for healthy people but exclude many foods.

Question 6

Most hospitals choose not to offer selective menus as a way to simplify operations and cut costs.

Question 7

It is most helpful to think about modified diets in terms of:

A)the diseases they are used to treat.
B)the organ systems they relate to.
C)the conditions they are used to treat.
D)the symptoms they relieve.

Question 8

Nurses can incorporate nutrition care into a nursing care plan.

Question 9

All of the following are examples of nursing diagnoses with nutritional implications except:

A)activity intolerance.
B)impaired swallowing.
C)ineffective knowledge of nutrition.
D)risk for aspiration.

Question 10

The adverse effects of herbs are required to be listed on supplement labels.

Question 11

A ground/minced diet is useful for patients with chewing problems.

Question 12

Using the Mifflin-St.Jeor equation for men (below) and a stress factor of 1.3, estimate the energy needs of Mr.Briggs, who is 33 years old, is 173 cm tall, and weighs 67 kg. RMR = [9.99 * weight (kg)] + [6.25 * height (cm)] - [4.92 * age (years)] + 5

A)1593 kcal
B)1918 kcal
C)2071 kcal
D)2493 kcal

Question 13

The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine is one of the many institutes that make up the National Institutes of Health.

Question 14

Nursing care plans do not address the need for nutrition intervention.

Question 15

The dietitian adjusts the nutrition education plan after learning that the patient is a Native American.She is considering the patient's:

A)learning style.
B)level of literacy.
C)readiness to change.
D)cultural background.

Question 16

There are no known interactions between herbal supplements and medications.

Question 17

Nurses play a central role in helping hospitalized patients to eat.

Question 18

Using the Harris-Benedict equation for women (below), estimate the resting metabolic rate of Mrs.Clements, who is 72 years old, is 157 cm tall, and weighs 53 kg. RMR = 655.1 + [9.563 * weight (kg)] + [1.85 * height (cm)] - [4.676 * age (years)]

A)662 kcal
B)1115 kcal
C)1436 kcal
D)1789 kcal

Question 19

Nutrition education or counseling is typically provided by the:

A)registered nurse.
B)nursing assistant.
C)registered dietitian.
D)dietetic technician.

Question 20

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a modified diet?

A)emphasizes a narrow range of foods
B)may be adjusted in consistency
C)may be adjusted in nutrient content
D)can be altered as a patient's condition changes

Question 21

Which of the following foods would not be allowed on a fat-restricted diet?

A)pasta
B)potatoes
C)bananas
D)muffins

Question 22

Which of the following is not characteristic of a clear liquid diet?

A)requires minimal digestion
B)leaves little residue in the colon
C)liquid at body temperature
D)high in nutrient density

Question 23

Which of the following foods would be allowed on a clear liquid diet?

A)chicken broth
B)cocoa
C)cream of wheat
D)ice cream

Question 24

Which of the following foods is/are eliminated on a low-fiber diet?

A)dried beans and peas
B)white bread
C)canned fruit
D)milk

Question 25

To increase a patient's enjoyment of meals, the nurse can:

A)make sure the patient's favorite television program is on.
B)make rounds during the meal to ensure the patient is eating well.
C)see that the meal tray is attractive.
D)encourage visitors during meal times.

Question 26

Diet manuals include all of the following except:

A)foods allowed and not allowed on each diet.
B)principles of nutrition education.
C)information on rationale and indications for use.
D)sample menus for each diet.

Question 27

Patients with diseases of the liver or gallbladder may benefit from a:

A)low-sodium diet.
B)high-kcalorie, high-protein diet.
C)fat-restricted diet.
D)blenderized liquid diet.

Question 28

In order to minimize fecal volume, a patient may be placed on a _____ diet prior to surgery.

A)low-fiber
B)fat-restricted
C)low-sodium
D)high-kcalorie, high-protein

Question 29

The most appropriate diet for a patient whose jaw was broken in a motor vehicle accident is a:

A)fat-restricted diet.
B)blenderized liquid diet.
C)clear liquid diet.
D)low-fiber diet.

Question 30

Diets for dysphagia are highly individualized because:

A)there is more than one definition of dysphagia.
B)swallowing difficulties vary in severity.
C)patient's differ in their nutritional needs.
D)they require counseling by a dietitian prior to implementation.

Question 31

Assuming the GI tract is functioning normally, what is the most appropriate method for feeding patients who are unable to meet their nutritional needs orally?

A)intravenous feeding
B)high-kcalorie, high-protein diet
C)commercial supplement
D)tube feeding

Question 32

Diet progression is appropriate for patients:

A)following surgery.
B)diagnosed with malnutrition.
C)when a reduction in fecal volume is desired.
D)prior to surgery.

Question 33

If a patient requires a clear liquid diet for more than one or two days:

A)blenderized liquid foods should be added to the diet.
B)the patient should be started on a tube feeding.
C)a greater variety of clear liquid foods should be added to the meal tray.
D)the diet should be supplemented with a low-residue commercial formula.

Question 34

Impaired swallowing indicates the need for a:

A)mechanically altered diet.
B)low-sodium diet.
C)fat-restricted diet.
D)low-fiber diet.

Question 35

The physician prescribes a "low-sodium diet" for Mr.Johnson.As a dietitian working with Mr.Johnson you would:

A)send a pre-selected diet to Mr.Johnson.
B)clarify the desired sodium restriction with the physician.
C)ask Mr.Johnson what sodium level he needs.
D)send Mr.Johnson a 2000 mg sodium diet.

Question 36

Sodium restriction is difficult to implement on a long-term basis because:

A)sodium is found in large amounts in nearly all foods.
B)many patients find the diet unpalatable.
C)dehydration may result.
D)sodium is not an essential nutrient.

Question 37

Patients often experience a poor appetite when hospitalized.All of the following are likely explanations for this except:

A)emotional distress.
B)medications that alter taste.
C)meals often being served when the patient is not hungry.
D)the presence of family members.

Question 38

Following surgery, a patient may be given clear liquids initially, then gradually provided with other beverages or foods that are unlikely to cause discomfort.This is referred to as:

A)a flexible diet order.
B)diet progression.
C)a food intolerance test.
D)a mechanically altered diet.

Question 39

In some facilities, the diet manual is compiled by:

A)the hospital administrator.
B)several physicians.
C)the nursing staff.
D)the staff of dietitians.

Question 40

Which of the following foods is recommended for a high-kcalorie, high-protein diet?

A)cheese
B)raw vegetables
C)fresh fruit
D)plain pasta

Question 41

The popularity of CAM can be explained by all of the following except:

A)consumers' interest in self-help measures.
B)the noninvasive nature of CAM therapies.
C)the tendency of CAM practitioners to spend more time with patients.
D)growing evidence of the effectiveness of CAM.

Question 42

Because Mr.Salazar is taking lovastatin, he should be counseled to avoid:

A)apple juice.
B)grapefruit juice.
C)green leafy vegetables.
D)milk.

Question 43

Supplements of _____ are usually given to patients receiving the antituberculosis drug isoniazid.

A)iron
B)vitamin B₆
C)vitamin B₁₂
D)folate

Question 44

Mr.Salazar will need a higher _____ intake to meet his nutritional needs for recovery.

A)potassium
B)kcalorie
C)iron
D)vegetable

Question 45

Grapefruit juice affects drug absorption by:

A)increasing blood concentration of some drugs.
B)decreasing blood concentration of some drugs.
C)inactivating certain drugs.
D)altering the action of certain drugs.

Question 46

The drug warfarin is structurally similar to:

A)vitamin C.
B)vitamin K.
C)vitamin D.
D)vitamin E.
Use the following case study to answer questions 40-45.
Jose Salazar has been hospitalized following a motor vehicle accident.He has several broken bones, including his left jaw, two ribs on the left side, and a compound fracture of his left leg.According to his medical record, he is 47 years old, his height is 5'9", and his weight is 171 pounds.His current medications include lovastatin to lower his cholesterol and an MAO inhibitor to treat depression.

Question 47

The one characteristic that all alternative therapies have in common is:

A)their effectiveness.
B)research as to their safety.
C)a lack of evidence about their effectiveness.
D)the absence of any interactions with or effects on mainstream medical care.

Question 48

Which of the following factors is most important to consider when providing nutrition education to Mr.Salazar?

A)weight
B)gender
C)literacy level
D)marital status

Question 49

Before leaving the hospital, Mr.Salazar will need nutrition education on:

A)how to use a blender.
B)food-medication interactions.
C)food safety.
D)weight loss.

Question 50

An advantage of selective menus in hospitals is that they:

A)are more nutritious.
B)simplify food production and preparation of foods.
C)enable patients to become familiar with their special diets.
D)result in lower food costs to the hospital.

Question 51

Which of the following forms of alternative medicine proposes that ill health results from internal disruptions in the body?

A)homeopathic medicine
B)naturopathic medicine
C)bioelectrical medicine
D)chiropractic medicine

Question 52

Unintentional weight gain can result from the use of:

A)antidepressant medications.
B)antihypertensive medications.
C)sedatives.
D)antinausea medications.

Question 53

All of the following types of drugs can cause nutrient malabsorption except:

A)antineoplastic drugs.
B)antiretroviral drugs.
C)NSAIDs.
D)antiemetics.

Question 54

Which of the following foods should be excluded from Mr.Salazar's diet for the time being?

A)nuts
B)ice cream
C)pudding
D)potatoes

Question 55

Methotrexate interferes with the metabolism of:

A)folate.
B)iron.
C)vitamin B₁₂.
D)calcium.

Question 56

Which of the following is not addressed by HACCP?

A)food handling
B)food preparation
C)food storage
D)food purchasing

Question 57

Which of the following is a form of traditional Chinese medicine?

A)bioelectromagnetic therapy
B)acupuncture
C)chiropractic
D)therapeutic touch

Question 58

The most appropriate diet order for Mr.Salazar is a:

A)regular diet.
B)soft diet.
C)mechanical soft diet.
D)blenderized diet.

Question 59

Megestrol acetate is a/an:

A)appetite enhancer.
B)weight-loss drug.
C)antidepressant.
D)pain reliever.

Question 60

Medications that reduce stomach acid may impair the absorption of:

A)vitamin C.
B)vitamin B₁₂.
C)glucose.
D)all nutrients.

Question 61

What would be the diet order for an ER patient with GI complaints who is awaiting admission?

A)clear liquids
B)NPO
C)full liquids
D)regular diet

Question 62

The most common biologically based therapy is the use of:

A)vitamin/mineral supplements and herbal remedies.
B)chiropractic medicine.
C)massage therapy.
D)aromatherapy.

Question 63

The nurse removes a patient's meal tray from the meal cart and is not certain that it contains the correct foods for the diet order.The nurse should:

A)call the kitchen.
B)ask the patient.
C)check the diet manual.
D)check the care plan.

Question 64

In terms of implementation of care plans, the nurse recognizes that her major role is to:

A)deliver appropriate foods to the patient.
B)identify expected outcomes and plan strategies that can correct problems.
C)plan the diet for the patient.
D)ensure that the appropriate foods are prepared for the patient.

Question 65

The nurse notices that an elderly patient is experiencing difficulty chewing.Which of the following diets would be most appropriate?

A)clear liquid diet
B)mechanical soft
C)low sodium
D)blenderized liquid

Question 66

One example of a CAM therapy involving physical manipulation is _____.

A)chhiropractic
B)qi gong
C)therapeutic touch
D)biofeedback

Question 67

The hospitalized patient's diet prescription was for a clear liquid diet.The nurse knew this patient's diet was not correctly delivered when she saw these items on the patient's tray:

A)cherry gelatin, ginger ale, and coffee.
B)cranberry juice, strawberry fruit ice, and soft drink.
C)bouillon, apple juice, tea, and sugar.
D)strained orange juice, popsicle, and tomato juice.

Question 68

Which of the following factors would cause the nurse to reconsider allowing progression of the diet following surgery?

A)fever
B)patient feeling hungry
C)vomiting
D)abdominal distention

Question 69

The hospitalized patient is on a progressive diet following surgery.One day the patient experiences nausea and vomiting after consuming lunch.The nurse recognizes that it is his responsibility to:

A)track the patient's tolerance and readiness to advance the diet.
B)withhold all foods from the patient until the patient's physician has been contacted.
C)contact the kitchen immediately to report a case of foodborne illness.
D)contact the dietitian and request that the diet order be changed.

Question 70

A patient is taking an MAO inhibitor and is on a tyramine-restricted diet.Which of the following foods should be avoided?

A)cheddar cheese
B)cottage cheese
C)pork
D)spinach

Question 71

Of the following diet prescriptions, the nurse recognizes this one as the most appropriately written one:

A)60 grams fat with 300 mg cholesterol.
B)1600-kcalorie, high-fiber diet.
C)3 meals/day with adequate calcium.
D)low-sodium and low-fat diet.

Question 72

A patient is discouraged by the dietary restrictions for her low-sodium diet.The most appropriate response from the nurse is to:

A)emphasize foods the patient can eat.
B)agree that the diet is unpalatable.
C)allow the family to bring food to the patient.
D)explain why the diet is necessary.

Question 73

The nurse recognizes that a patient placed on the anticoagulant drug warfarin will need:

A)supplements of vitamin K.
B)a high-kcalorie diet.
C)education regarding diet-drug interactions.
D)education regarding increasing iron intake.

Question 74

A patient is scheduled for bowel surgery tomorrow.The appropriate diet order today is:

A)blenderized liquid.
B)low fat.
C)low protein.
D)clear liquid.

Question 75

The nurse removes a patient's meal try from the food cart and discovers that the food is not appropriate for the diet order.The nurse should:

A)substitute another patient's meal tray that contains the appropriate foods.
B)ask a family member to go to the kitchen and request another meal tray.
C)order a new food tray from the kitchen.
D)call the dietitian to come address the problem.

Question 76

Which of the following menu selections would be appropriate for a patient placed on a clear liquid diet?

A)chicken broth, apple juice, popsicle
B)yogurt, cranberry juice, beef broth
C)scrambled egg, coffee, orange juice
D)Jell-O, ice cream, coffee

Question 77

One of the problems with determining the effectiveness of an herbal remedy is:

A)the lack of a consistent supply of herbs.
B)the fact that different samples of an herb can have different chemical compositions.
C)inconsistent labeling of supplements.
D)differing opinions about the best method for testing herbs.

Question 78

Which of the following nutritional interventions is most appropriate for a patient in a coma?

A)NPO
B)tube feeding
C)intravenous feeding
D)clear liquid diet

Question 79

Which of the following patients would most benefit from indirect calorimetry?

A)65 yo with hip fracture
B)55 yo undergoing gastric bypass
C)88 yo in the critical care unit for sepsis
D)70 yo with pneumonia

Question 80

Concerns about the use of CAM by consumers include all of the following except:

A)consumers often assume that all CAM therapies are safe.
B)the use of CAM therapies may delay the use of reliable treatments.
C)most CAM therapies are not regulated or monitored.
D)CAM therapies are more expensive than traditional medical care.
Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice