Deck 4: Human Digestion, absorption, and Transport

Question 1

Peristalsis is an involuntary response.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Yolanda is eating a peanut butter and jelly sandwich for lunch.  She has taken a bite of the sandwich and begun chewing the sticky sandwich.  Once the bite of sandwich has been chewed,moistened,and mixed with saliva,it is called

A)a bolus.
B)chyme.
C)a pharynx.
D)peristalsis.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true?

A)After an enzyme catalyzes a chemical reaction,it can no longer function.
B)Most enzymes have names that end with -ase.
C)Enzymes can function under a wide range of environmental conditions,such as pH and temperature.
D)Enzymes can function as electrolytes. 

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Rose has a disease that destroyed her salivary glands.As a result of this condition,Rose probably

A)has difficulty eliminating feces during bowel movements.
B)digests foods too quickly.
C)uses a lot of spices and sauces to season her foods.
D)must eat refined functional foods.

Question 5

The enzyme ________ breaks the disaccharide maltose into its two molecules of glucose.

A)maltase
B)sucrase
C)amylase
D)lipase

Question 6

The ________ sphincter closes after a bolus has been swallowed and enters the stomach.  This sphincter is essential to prevent the contents of the stomach reentering the esophagus.

A)lower esophageal
B)upper esophageal
C)pyloric
D)epiglottis

Question 7

The process of digesting food begins in the

A)colon.
B)liver.
C)mouth.
D)esophagus.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about sphincters is false?

A)When a sphincter relaxes,the passageway closes to prevent movement of GI contents.
B)Sphincters are important for controlling the flow of the contents through the GI tract.
C)Sphincters are thickened regions of circular muscle.
D)Sphincters are essential for normal digestion.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Heartburn often results when the cardiac sphincter fails to close properly.
B)A thin layer of chyme protects the lining of the digestive tract from being broken down by enzymes.
C)Hydrochloric acid (HCl)begins the partial digestion of fats in the small intestine.
D)Cystic fibrosis is an infectious disease that causes the muscles that control swallowing to malfunction. 

Question 10

The ________ sphincter is located between the stomach and small intestine.

A)pyloric
B)lower esophageal
C)upper esophageal
D)ileocecal

Question 11

The ________ is a flap-like piece of tissue responsible for keeping a swallowed piece of food from entering the trachea.

A)epiglottis
B)larynx
C)pharynx
D)upper esophageal sphincter

Question 12

Bernetta has an autoimmune disease that affects salivary glands.As a result of this condition,Bernetta

A)has trouble swallowing.
B)digests food too rapidly.
C)cannot tolerate eating cold foods.
D)develops numerous stomach ulcers.

Question 13

When she sampled a spoonful of hot soup,Bekha burnt the tip of her tongue.During the 24 hours that followed the injury,Bekha had difficulty detecting foods that tasted

A)cold.
B)sweet.
C)sour.
D)meaty.

Question 14

Salivary glands secrete amylase,an enzyme that enables a minor amount of ________ to be digested in the mouth.

A)alcohol
B)starch
C)water
D)protein

Question 15

Libby was born without salivary glands.As a result of this condition,she

A)has trouble tasting food.
B)digests food too rapidly.
C)cannot tolerate eating cold foods.
D)develops numerous stomach ulcers.

Question 16

A primary function of the digestive system is the

A)production of red blood cells.
B)transmission of nervous impulses.
C)destruction of toxic metabolic by-products.
D)breakdown of food into nutrients.

Question 17

Avi's salivary glands do not secrete amylase.As a result of his condition,his body

A)cannot absorb alcohol.
B)cannot begin starch digestion.
C)absorbs too much carbohydrate.
D)cannot swallow food correctly.

Question 18

The innermost layer of the wall of the GI tract is the

A)mucosa.
B)lumen.
C)serosa.
D)circular muscle.

Question 19

The condition in which a person cannot taste any food is called

A)ageusia.
B)hypogeusia.
C)anosmia.
D)hypoanosmia.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of mechanical digestion in the GI tract?

A)Chewing food up into smaller pieces in the mouth
B)Salivary amylase breaking down starch in the mouth
C)Pancreatic lipase breaking down fat in the small intestine
D)Gastrin stimulating HCl production in the stomach

Question 21

Which of the following compounds is secreted by the human stomach?

A)Gastric juice
B)Chyme 
C)Bile salts 
D)Saliva 

Question 22

Which of the following statements about Dumping Syndrome is false?

A)Dumping Syndrome results in chyme staying in the stomach too long,rather than moving into the small intestine.
B)Dumping Syndrome may result in symptoms such as nausea,sweating,and rapid heart rate.
C)Dumping Syndrome often occurs following surgery of the esophagus or stomach,including bariatric surgery.
D)A person experiencing Dumping Syndrome may be advised to eat smaller meals to manage the symptoms associated with the syndrome.

Question 23

Which of the following statements is false?

A)The sense of smell contributes to the sense of taste.
B)Mucus protects the lining of the stomach.
C)Some absorption of alcohol occurs in the stomach.
D)Peristalsis occurs when villi absorb fat. 

Question 24

Which of the following organs produces and secretes enzymes that are essential for proper digestion?

A)Liver
B)Pituitary
C)Pancreas
D)Gallbladder

Question 25

Chyme is the

A)material absorbed by lacteals that the liver must detoxify and excrete.
B)large particle that transports lipids throughout the bloodstream.
C)semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach.
D)organelle that maintains fluid balance within intestinal cells.

Question 26

Parietal cells secrete ions that form ________ in the stomach.

A)salivary amylase
B)hydrochloric acid
C)bile
D)chyme 

Question 27

Which of the following compounds is not secreted by the human stomach?

A)Bile
B)Intrinsic factor
C)Mucus
D)Gastric juice

Question 28

Small amounts of food move from the back of the mouth and through the esophagus by involuntary muscular movements called

A)segmentation.
B)gluconeogenesis.
C)lipolysis.
D)peristalsis.

Question 29

A liquid has a pH that is more basic than the pH of pure water,but more acidic than the pH of household ammonia.Based on this information,the liquid is

A)black coffee.
B)baking soda.
C)lemon juice.
D)milk.

Question 30

Dorothy is an 85-year-old woman who is having difficulty swallowing.Food seems to enter her stomach too slowly.Based on this information,Dorothy probably has a(n)

A)excessive amount of secretory activity within her digestive tract.
B)overgrowth of probiotics in her stomach.
C)blockage caused by undigested fiber deposits in her jejunum.
D)condition characterized by loss of peristaltic functioning.

Question 31

The Heimlich maneuver is a simple and effective first aid technique to use when an adult or child is choking.

Question 32

April is starting to train for hotdog eating contests.  She is curious about the maximum capacity of the stomach.  About what is believed to be the maximum capacity of the stomach?

A)16 cups
B)6 cups
C)10 cups
D)13 cups

Question 33

If the epiglottis is not fully closed,food enters the trachea,blocking the windpipe which may cause the person to lose consciousness and die.

Question 34

The ________ cells of the gastric glands synthesize and release intrinsic factor,which is necessary for vitamin B12 absorption.

A)parietal
B)mucous
C)chief
D)pyloric

Question 35

Which of the following statements is true?

A)The gallbladder makes bile and stores the compound in the liver.
B)Older adults generally have fewer taste buds than children.
C)Foods that taste bitter are generally good energy sources because of their high carbohydrate contents.
D)Segmentation enables chyme to move through the esophagus. 

Question 36

Which of the following statements is true?

A)The pyloric sphincter controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine.
B)The esophagus is the muscular valve that connects the stomach to the small intestine.
C)The colon is the major site of nutrient absorption in the human digestive system.
D)Those who are lean have a greater higher risk of gallstones than those who are obese.

Question 37

Leonard has a disease that causes his lacteals to become blocked.Based on this information,his

A)ability to digest proteins is reduced.
B)intestinal tract does not absorb much fat.
C)lumen does not allow chyme to enter the small intestine.
D)hepatic portal vein can rupture.

Question 38

The ________ cells of the gastric glands are important to protect the lining of the stomach from damage.

A)parietal
B)mucous
C)chief
D)pyloric

Question 39

Which of the following substances has a pH that is more basic than the pH of pure water?

A)Tomato juice
B)Gastric juice
C)Lemon juice
D)Black coffee

Question 40

Marcus has an infection that causes a temporary loss of villi.  Based on this information,you would expect Marcus to ________ while he has this illness.

A)absorb vitamins more rapidly
B)digest proteins more efficiently
C)lose weight rapidly
D)develop gallstones

Question 41

Chyme moves from the stomach into the

A)ileum.
B)colon.
C)duodenum.
D)jejunum.

Question 42

The ________ is the second segment of the small intestine.

A)ileum
B)colon
C)jejunum
D)duodenum

Question 43

Segmentation

A)helps mix chyme in the small intestine.
B)occurs in the esophagus,allowing the bolus to travel from the mouth to the stomach.
C)is under voluntary control.
D)results in impaired absorption of nutrients.

Question 44

The ________ is the third segment of the small intestine.

A)colon
B)ileum
C)jejunum
D)duodenum

Question 45

Live microorganisms that help control the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the large intestine are known as prebiotics.

Question 46

Which of the following statements about enterocytes is false?

A)Enterocytes are located in the stomach and are necessary for intrinsic factor production.
B)Enterocytes are absorptive cells.
C)Enterocytes are exposed to chyme.
D)Enterocytes line the villi.

Question 47

After being absorbed,most lipids undergo special processing before they enter

A)special cells lining the hepatic portal vein.
B)lacteals within the villi.
C)the gastroesophageal sphincter.
D)chyme.

Question 48

Which of the following vitamins is not produced by the microflora in the large intestine? 

A)Vitamin C
B)Thiamin
C)Vitamin K
D)Vitamin B-12

Question 49

The lining of the small intestine is covered with ________,tiny,finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food.

A)villi
B)arteries
C)neurons
D)lacteals

Question 50

Fructose is primarily absorbed from the small intestine via

A)facilitated diffusion.
B)active transport.
C)simple diffusion.
D)endocytosis.

Question 51

The ________ is an accessory organ of the digestive system.

A)colon
B)jejunum
C)liver
D)epiglottis

Question 52

The ________ is important for transporting absorbed nutrients from the GI tract to the liver.

A)hepatic portal vein
B)lacteal
C)pinocytosis
D)hepatic artery

Question 53

The ________ helps form feces by absorbing excess water and some minerals from chyme.

A)lower stomach
B)esophageal sphincter
C)large intestine
D)pyloric valve

Question 54

Which of the following cells of the large intestine secrete mucus?

A)Goblet cells
B)Parietal cells
C)Chief cells
D)Pancreatic cells

Question 55

Active transport requires energy,but not a specific transporter.

Question 56

Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system?

A)Liver
B)Brain
C)Pancreas
D)Gallbladder

Question 57

Antibiotic usage often leads to microflora imbalance in the digestive tract.

Question 58

After moving through the ileocecal sphincter,unabsorbed water and undigested remains of chyme enter the jejunum.

Question 59

Goblet cells produce

A)mucus.
B)gastric juice.
C)hydrochloric acid.
D)digestive enzymes.

Question 60

Due to a respiratory bacterial infection,Amanda had to take a large spectrum antibiotic for a period of 7 days.At the end of the regimen,her respiratory problem was gone;  however,she informed her doctor that she  now has diarrhea and other digestive problems.  What do you think the doctor will recommend to Amanda to relieve her diarrhea and digestive problems?

A)Take probiotics to restore the population of beneficial bacteria she lost due to the antibiotic she was taking
B)Prescribe a different antibiotic for her respiratory infection
C)Go for a walk and try to exercise
D)Drink hot water and learn new breathing techniques

Question 61

Which of the following microbes is associated with the development of most stomach ulcers?

A)E)coli
B)S)aureus
C)H)pylori
D)C)botulinum

Question 62

Coretta has severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).To reduce her likelihood of developing heartburn,her physician recommended that she

A)avoid high-fiber fruits and vegetables.
B)eat a small piece of peppermint candy after meals.
C)drink chocolate milk shakes with meals.
D)lose excess body fat.

Question 63

For several years,Corey has suffered from intermittent abdominal pain along with bouts of diarrhea and constipation.According to Corey,his "bad guts" worsen whenever he is "stressed out" or eats certain foods,especially raw fruit and baked beans.His doctor has determined that his intestinal tract is not inflamed.Based on this information,Corey probably has

A)Crohn's disease.
B)ulcerative colitis.
C)gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
D)irritable bowel syndrome.

Question 64

Amanda is a three-year old who has a condition that is characterized by the inability of her pancreas to produce cholecystokinin.Based on this information,she

A)has difficulty digesting food.
B)is heavier than average for her height.
C)is taller than most children who are her age.
D)absorbs higher than normal amounts of micronutrients.

Question 65

Antonio has severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).To reduce his likelihood of developing heartburn,his physician recommended that he

A)decrease his intake of fruits and vegetables.
B)increase his intake of solid fats.
C)avoid overeating during meals.
D)take a multivitamin/multimineral pill before meals.

Question 66

Paisley usually has four bowel movements each week.Based on this information,Paisley should

A)not worry,because she is not constipated.
B)take a gentle laxative so she has at least one bowel movement daily.
C)increase her intake of high-fiber foods and fiber wafers to relieve her chronic constipation.
D)consult her physician to determine why she is constipated.

Question 67

Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation and swelling of the intestinal tract?

A)Cystic fibrosis
B)Ulcerative colitis
C)Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
D)Peptic ulcer

Question 68

Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation and swelling of the intestinal tract?

A)Cystic fibrosis
B)Crohn's disease
C)Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
D)Peptic ulcer

Question 69

Risk factors for constipation include all of the following EXCEPT

A)drinking too much water.
B)anxiety or depression.
C)low fiber intake.
D)changes to typical daily routine.

Question 70

Jillian drinks a couple of beers and smokes over a pack of cigarettes daily.Even though she's about 40 pounds overweight,she likes to wear tight-fitting clothes.Based on this information,Jillian has a high risk of developing

A)gastroesophageal reflux disease.
B)cystic fibrosis.
C)rheumatoid arthritis.
D)irritable bowel syndrome.

Question 71

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome usually includes making dietary changes and

A)learning ways to manage stress effectively.
B)moving to a drier climate.
C)having the lower third of the colon removed.
D)reducing physical activity.

Question 72

Tyler smokes cigarettes,drinks excess alcohol,and takes aspirin regularly to treat his headaches.Based on this information,Tyler has a high risk of developing

A)cystic fibrosis.
B)peptic ulcers.
C)irritable bowel syndrome.
D)chronic constipation.

Question 73

Which of the following typically acts as a probiotic?

A)Yogurt
B)Whole grain cereals
C)Legumes
D)Green leafy vegetables

Question 74

Which of the following foods typically acts as a prebiotic?

A)Whole grains
B)Yogurt
C)Cheese
D)Chicken

Question 75

Lucia's three-year old daughter has been vomiting frequently over the past two hours and she is worried.  Lucia is trying to decide whether or not to contact her daughter's pediatrician.  Which of the following would be reasons to contact the pediatrician's office?

A)All of the choices are correct.
B)Vomiting lasting longer than a few hours
C)Fever
D)Severe abdominal pain

Question 76

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome often includes making dietary changes and

A)lying down after meals.
B)learning stress management strategies.
C)having the lower third of the colon removed.
D)reducing physical activity.

Question 77

Which of the following is not a function of cholecystokinin?

A)Control the secretion of mucus by the mucus cells
B)Stimulate the contraction of the gallbladder to release the bile
C)Trigger the release of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice into the small intestine
D)Control the flow of chyme from the stomach to the small intestine

Question 78

Jared often eats a large dinner about an hour before he lies down to sleep.Based on this information,he may experience symptoms related to

A)Crohn's disease.
B)gastroesophageal reflux disease.
C)chronic constipation.
D)colon cancer.

Question 79

________ are small pouches that form in the inner lining of the large intestine.  In some cases,the presence of these pouches may lead to inflammation,infection,and rectal bleeding.

A)Diverticula
B)Hemorrhoids
C)Crohn's disease
D)Colitis