Deck 5: Carbohydrates: Sugars, starches, and Fiber

Question 1

Nervous system cells burn mostly ________ for energy.

A)glucose
B)fructose
C)lactose
D)fiber

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Raffinose is an example of a/an

A)oligosaccharide.
B)disaccharide.
C)ketone body.
D)monosaccharide.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate?

A)Starch
B)High-fructose corn syrup
C)Glucose 
D)Carbon dioxide 

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Fiber is nondigestible by humans because it contains a branched chain.  Comparatively,starch is digestible by humans because it is unbranched.

Question 5

Strawberries are naturally a source of which monosaccharide?

A)Fructose
B)Sucrose
C)Galactose
D)Starch

Question 6

Macey would like to sweeten her tea with a nonnutritive sweetener that provides no calories per teaspoon.Which of the following sweeteners should she use? 

A)Table sugar
B)Granulated cane juice
C)Mannitol
D)Sucralose

Question 7

Lactose is formed from glucose and galactose through a ________ reaction.

A)condensation
B)hydrolysis
C)lactaid
D)sodium-dependent

Question 8

Plants make glucose from carbon dioxide and water.

Question 9

Which of the following substances is a simple carbohydrate?

A)Starch
B)Lignin
C)Fructose
D)Glycogen 

Question 10

Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate?

A)Soluble fiber
B)High-fructose corn syrup
C)Glucose 
D)Lactose

Question 11

When muscle cells have more glucose than they need for energy,they may store some of the excess as

A)glycogen.
B)ketone bodies.
C)certain B vitamins.
D)fiber.

Question 12

The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are

A)glucose,galactose,and mannose.
B)fructose,lactose,and hexose monophosphate.
C)galactose,glucose,and fructose.
D)maltose,ribose,and galactose.

Question 13

Which of the following sweeteners provides 4 kcal/g?

A)Sucralose
B)Stevia
C)Saccharin
D)Sucrose

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Each gram of fiber supplies about 6 kcal for humans.
B)Diets high in fiber increase the risk of type 2 diabetes.
C)The human digestive tract does not produce enzymes that digest dietary fiber.
D)Eating foods rich in insoluble fiber may increase one's risk for heart disease.

Question 15

What is the major difference between soluble and insoluble forms of fiber?

A)Soluble fiber is in animal foods,whereas insoluble fiber is in plant foods.
B)Soluble fiber dissolves or swells in water,whereas insoluble fiber generally does not change in water.
C)Soluble fiber provides no health benefits to humans,whereas insoluble fiber reduces the risk of heart disease.
D)Soluble fiber can be digested by humans,whereas insoluble fiber cannot be digested.

Question 16

Plants use glucose to make fiber and starch.

Question 17

Justin's blood cholesterol levels are too high.He'd like to add foods to his diet that can help reduce his blood cholesterol level.Based on this information,which of the following foods should he add?

A)Liver
B)Milk
C)Legumes (e.g.black beans)
D)White rice

Question 18

Alicia has PKU.She would like to sweeten her coffee with a substance that provides 0 kcal/g.Based on this information,which of the following sweeteners supplies 0 kcal/g and is safe for her to use? 

A)Sucralose
B)Aspartame
C)Invert sugar
D)Xylitol

Question 19

The sweetener found in Sweet'N Low is

A)saccharin.
B)aspartame.
C)neotame.
D)sucralose.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Sucrose supplies more energy,gram per gram,than starch.
B)Sucrose is a source of glucose. 
C)Sucrose has no nutritional value. 
D)Sucrose is comprised of two glucose molecules.

Question 21

Oatmeal is a particularly rich source of ________ fiber.

A)soluble
B)insoluble
C)nondigestible
D)oligosaccharide

Question 22

If your diet supplies more sugar and starch than you need,the excess can be

A)converted to proteins that are metabolized for energy.
B)metabolized to form urea and excreted by the kidneys.
C)eliminated in feces.
D)converted into fat and stored.

Question 23

Insulin

A)helps glucose enter cells.
B)stimulates cells to break down glycogen for energy.
C)is released during fasting periods,such as between meals.
D)increases blood glucose levels after meals.

Question 24

Soluble fiber is broken down completely by bacteria in the small intestine.

Question 25

Phil is a healthy college student.When he wakes up in the morning,he can't wait to eat breakfast.While he is asleep and before he consumes food or beverages,his pancreas secretes ________ to maintain his blood glucose level within normal limits.

A)insulin
B)aldosterone
C)glucagon
D)thyroxin

Question 26

Max wants to restrict the added sugar intake of his 5-year-old son.He should

A)give the child low-fat milk with meals and snacks instead of regular soft drinks.
B)serve more foods that are sources of refined carbohydrates.
C)replace his son's favorite fruit juices with fruit ades or drinks.
D)encourage the child to consume more energy drinks.

Question 27

The enzyme ________ is necessary for digesting the disaccharide that contains two molecules of glucose.

A)maltase
B)sucrase
C)lactase
D)amylase

Question 28

Felix generally consumes about 2300 kcal/day.He wants to reduce the amount of added sugars in his diet to meet the recommendation for added sugar intake,according to the 2015-2020 version of the Dietary Guidelines.Based on this information,Felix will limit his daily intake of added sugars to less than ________ kcal.

A)115
B)230
C)345
D)460

Question 29

Julian ate a baked potato as a side with his dinner.  The starch in the baked potato will begin to be digested

A)in the mouth.
B)in the stomach.
C)in the small intestine.
D)in the large intestine.

Question 30

Starch

A)is composed of amylose and amylopectin.
B)is found in both plant and animal food sources.
C)is more branched than glycogen.
D)cannot be digested by human enzymes.

Question 31

Pancreatic amylase

A)digests starch in the small intestine.
B)is secreted by the gallbladder.
C)contributes to cystic fibrosis.
D)converts glucose to energy in cells.

Question 32

Every morning,Sarah stops at a convenience store to buy a 20-ounce bottle of a regular soft drink to consume before and during her early classes.Around noon,she drinks a sugar-sweetened tea that she purchased from a vending machine on campus.After she read news about the possible negative health effects of added sugars,she became concerned about her consumption of sugar-sweetened foods and beverages.She decides to follow the recommendations of the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans regarding added sugar intakes.Sarah usually consumes about 1800 kcal/day.Based on this information,she should limit her added sugar intake to less than ________ kcal/day.

A)90
B)144
C)180
D)216

Question 33

Duncan's diet contains high amounts of protein and fat,but it is very low in carbohydrates.As a result of following this diet,Duncan's body forms more ________ than normal.

A)ketone bodies
B)glycogen stores
C)muscle fibers
D)vitamin C 

Question 34

Which of the following foods or beverages is a main source of added sugar in American diets?

A)Regular soft drinks
B)Pastries
C)Fruit juices 
D)Jams and jellies

Question 35

Carbohydrate absorption occurs almost exclusively in the stomach.

Question 36

To reduce her intake of added sugar,Isabelle should

A)replace regular soft drinks with plain water.
B)consume more refined sources of carbohydrates.
C)increase her intake of beverages sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup.
D)consume energy drinks instead of coffee.

Question 37

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Dietary fiber includes the stringy material found in tough,overcooked meat.
B)Most Americans do not consume enough dietary fiber.
C)Scientists classify forms of fiber according to their solubility in oil.
D)Most forms of fiber are comprised of fructose molecules bonded together. 

Question 38

Intestinal bacteria produce gases when they metabolize fiber.

Question 39

According to the 2015-2020 version of the Dietary Guidelines,which of the following substances is a nutrient of public health concern?

A)Dietary fiber
B)Starch
C)Sucralose
D)High-fructose corn syrup

Question 40

In the human intestinal tract,cooked rice is broken down into ________ molecules that can be absorbed.

A)sucrose
B)glucose
C)lactose
D)ribose

Question 41

Which of the following statements is true?

A)People who have excess body fat are more likely to develop type 1 diabetes than type 2 diabetes.
B)To remain healthy,your fasting blood glucose level should always be at least 140 mg/dl.
C)A healthy person's hemoglobin A1c level is greater than 7.5%.
D)Excessive thirst and frequent urination are signs of diabetes. 

Question 42

Fai was recently diagnosed with lactose-intolerance.  She knows that consuming enough vitamin D and calcium is important for those with lactose intolerance.  With that in mind,which of the following do you recommend?

A)Consume lactose-free milk.
B)Consume 2-3 cups of cow's milk daily.
C)Avoid yogurt due to the high concentration of lactose.
D)Select soft cheeses rather than hard cheeses.

Question 43

This morning,Margie's fasting blood glucose level indicated that she has hyperglycemia and pre-diabetes.Based on this information,her fasting blood glucose level was ________ mg/dl.

A)120
B)158
C)95
D)67

Question 44

Chewing gum made with sugar alcohols contributes to tooth decay.

Question 45

Fiber-rich diets contribute to weight loss by causing a person to feel full.

Question 46

Jevincio has type 2 diabetes,and he does not control his blood glucose levels well.As a result of his lack of control,which of the following conditions is he most likely to develop? 

A)Blindness 
B)Cystic fibrosis
C)Irritable bowel syndrome
D)Lactose intolerance

Question 47

According to scientific evidence,which of the following actions can help reduce a person's risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus?

A)Smoking less than 2 packs of cigarettes/week
B)Drinking 2 servings of alcohol daily
C)Exercising daily
D)Taking vitamin C supplements

Question 48

Bill has reactive hypoglycemia.What steps can he take to reduce the likelihood that he has bouts of the disorder? 

A)Reduce his intake of refined sugars
B)Give himself insulin injections after meals 
C)Take a dietary supplement that provides a variety of B vitamins
D)Eat one large meal per day,in the morning,if possible

Question 49

High-fiber diets are associated with all of the following EXCEPT

A)reduced risk of stroke.
B)reduced secretion of intrinsic factor.
C)reduced risk of diabetes.
D)reduced risk of heart disease.

Question 50

Which type of diabetes is most common in the United States?

A)Type 2 diabetes
B)Type 1 diabetes
C)Gestational diabetes
D)Insulin-dependent diabetes

Question 51

Clayton is a 19-year-old college student.He avoids milk,because he claims drinking the beverage upsets his stomach and gives him intestinal "gas." However,he can eat yogurt and certain types of cheese without experiencing any symptoms.Based on this information,Clayton probably has

A)cystic fibrosis.
B)lactose intolerance.
C)botulism poisoning.
D)amylase deficiency.

Question 52

Adrian's diet supplies only about 5% of his daily energy needs from carbohydrates.Therefore,most of his energy intake is provided by proteins and fats.As a result of following this diet,Adrian's body may go into

A)ketosis.
B)glycogenesis.
C)lipolysis.
D)proteolysis.

Question 53

Hypoglycemia is a condition that occurs when the blood glucose level is too high.

Question 54

According to Shawn's physician,Shawn has a high risk of ________ because his waist circumference is 42 inches,his blood pressure consistently measures 140 mm Hg/90 mm Hg,and his fasting blood glucose level is 110 mg/dl.

A)metabolic syndrome
B)cystic fibrosis
C)diverticulitis
D)constipation

Question 55

Katie is pregnant.She has type 1 diabetes and often has difficulty controlling her blood glucose level.Based on this information,Katie is more likely to

A)give birth to a baby that has birth defects.
B)have a lower risk of gestational hypertension.
C)require more vitamin D,calcium,and iron than a pregnant woman who does not have diabetes.
D)require more glucagon than she needed before becoming pregnant.

Question 56

The best way to avoid tooth decay is to use a mouthwash that kills bacteria in the mouth.

Question 57

Which of the following physical characteristics or health conditions is a sign of metabolic syndrome?

A)Waist circumference that is 32 inches 
B)Body temperature that is over 101°F
C)Fasting blood glucose levels that are consistently between 75 and 99 mg/dl 
D)Fasting blood triglyceride levels that are consistently more than 150 mg/dl

Question 58

Lactose is the disaccharide in

A)liver.
B)milk.
C)sugar.
D)grapes.

Question 59

Which of the following foods has a low glycemic index (less than 70)?

A)White rice
B)Apple
C)Banana 
D)Plain white bagel 

Question 60

Refined carbohydrates do not satisfy hunger as well as proteins and fats,which may lead to an excessive consumption of calories.

Question 61

Nolan would like to add more dietary fiber to his diet.  Which of the following do you recommend?

A)All of the choices are correct.
B)Select a bran cereal for breakfast.
C)Use whole-wheat pasta.
D)Add wheat germ to pancake batter when making pancakes.
E)Snack on fresh fruit.

Question 62

Betty is constipated;she generally has bowel movements only twice a week.To help relieve her constipation without taking medications,Betty should

A)reduce her intake of fruits and vegetables.
B)increase her intake of foods that contain insoluble fiber.
C)use colon cleansing enemas daily.
D)restrict her fluid intake.