Deck 16: Pregnancy and Lactation

Question 1

________ is a common nutrition-related sign or symptom of early pregnancy that occurs in many healthy pregnant women.

A)Fatigue
B)Hypertension
C)Gestational diabetes
D)Pernicious anemia

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Lisa is a healthy young woman whose energy requirement is 2250 kcal/day.Based on this information,what would be her daily energy requirement during her first trimester of pregnancy?

A)3050 kcal
B)2600 kcal
C)2250 kcal
D)1800 kcal

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Pregnant females who have the highest risk of experiencing complications during pregnancy are ________.

A)women between the age of 24 and 32 years old
B)teenage girls and women over the age of 35 years old
C)women between the age of 21 and 30 years old
D)women between the age of 22 and 33 years old

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following micronutrients is needed for proper neural tube development?

A)Zinc
B)Vitamin C
C)Folate
D)Iron

Question 5

Jenna is due to give birth to a girl in February.Before she became pregnant,Jenna weighed 105 pounds,which was in the underweight BMI range for her height.Based on this information,her physician will recommend that she gain ________ pounds during her pregnancy.

A)18 to 20
B)28 to 40
C)38 to 50
D)48 to 60

Question 6

Which of the following conditions is a common nutrition-related sign of early pregnancy that occurs in many healthy pregnant women?

A)Morning sickness
B)Eclampsia
C)Gestational diabetes
D)Iron-deficiency anemia

Question 7

Which of the following happen(s)during pregnancy?  Check all that apply.

A)The embryo/fetus derives nourishment directly from its mother's bloodstream.
B)Embryonic development begins about 2 weeks after conception.
C)The pregnancy period is divided into quarters that each last about 2.5 months.
D)The uterus protects the embryo/fetus as it develops and grows.

Question 8

Ashley is due to give birth to a girl in March.Before she became pregnant,Ashley weighed 175 pounds and was in the overweight BMI range for her height.Based on this information,her physician will recommend that she gain ________ pounds during her pregnancy.

A)10 to 20
B)15 to 25
C)20 to 30
D)25 to 35

Question 9

Pregnant women generally need to take a supplement that contains ________.

A)protein
B)oxytocin
C)folic acid
D)conjugated fatty acids

Question 10

The ________ is the organ of pregnancy that transfers nutrients and oxygen from the mother's bloodstream to the embryo/fetus.

A)ovary
B)uterus
C)placenta
D)endometrium

Question 11

Some women crave nonfood items during pregnancy.This behavior is called ________.

A)edema
B)eclampsia
C)pica
D)SIDS

Question 12

Cindy is pregnant with her first baby.Recently,she began to eat clay from a hole that she dug in her yard.Cindy's behavior is an example of ________.

A)edema
B)eclampsia
C)claymonia
D)pica

Question 13

Iliana is due to give birth to a girl in March.Before she became pregnant,IIiana weighed 200 pounds and was in the obese BMI range for her height.Based on this information,her physician will recommend that she gain ________ pounds during her pregnancy.

A)11 to 20
B)25 to 35
C)28 to 40
D)15 to 25

Question 14

Emma is a 25-year-old pregnant woman.Her need for ________ is 50% higher than before she became pregnant.

A)calcium
B)iron
C)niacin
D)vitamin C

Question 15

________ is a common nutrition-related sign of pregnancy that occurs in many healthy pregnant women.

A)Pre-eclampsia
B)Heartburn
C)Gestational diabetes
D)Pernicious anemia

Question 16

The placenta ________.

A)filters viruses and toxins from the mother's bloodstream,preventing them from reaching the embryo/fetus
B)transfers sperm to the egg so fertilization can occur
C)synthesizes the essential micronutrients that the embryo/fetus requires for growth and development
D)transfers nutrients and oxygen from the mother's bloodstream to the embryo/fetus

Question 17

Compared to younger women,the risk of having having a baby with Down syndrome is higher in women who are over 40 years of age.

Question 18

A woman who was at a healthy weight before becoming pregnant should gain approximately ________ pound(s)per week during the third trimester of her pregnancy.

A)1
B)0)5
C)2
D)3

Question 19

Gabrielle is due to give birth to a boy in March.Before she became pregnant,Gabrielle weighed 140 pounds,which was in the healthy BMI range for her height.Based on this information,her physician will recommend that she gain ________ pounds during her pregnancy.

A)10 to 20
B)15 to 25
C)25 to 35
D)35 to 45

Question 20

The preconception period is ________.

A)the ability to conceive
B)the time before pregnancy
C)the point at which the ovum is fertilized by the sperm
D)the time before birth

Question 21

The placenta prevents arsenic from entering the embryo/fetus.

Question 22

Pregnant women are advised to drink ________.

A)no more than 1.5 cups of coffee per day
B)no more than 3 cups of coffee per day
C)no coffee
D)no more than 2 cups of coffee per day

Question 23

Sudha is in her first trimester of pregnancy.Which of the following micronutrients is a nutrient of public health concern during pregnancy?

A)Vitamin C
B)Iron
C)Copper
D)Sodium

Question 24

Every pregnant or nursing woman is eligible to participate and benefit from the WIC program.

Question 25

Reyna is a healthy 27-year-old pregnant woman.She is experiencing ________,a common nutrition-related condition that occurs in many healthy pregnant women.

A)minor swelling of the hands and feet
B)hypertension
C)mild hypochromic,macrocytic anemia
D)diarrhea

Question 26

Which of the following conditions is a major cause of pregnancy-related deaths in the United States?

A)Pica
B)Physiological anemia
C)Eclampsia
D)Morning sickness

Question 27

Mimi became pregnant about 2 months ago.She is experiencing ________,a common nutrition-related condition that occurs in many healthy pregnant women.

A)preeclampsia
B)gestational diabetes
C)constipation
D)pernicious anemia

Question 28

Methylmercury is a trace mineral needed for proper brain development during embryonic development.

Question 29

Which of the following is not considered a risk factor for preeclampsia?

A)Woman age 28 years at time of conception
B)First pregnancy
C)African-American ancestry
D)Carrying twins
E)Obesity

Question 30

Lanelle is 5 months pregnant.Recently,she gained several pounds rapidly,and as a result, her face is "puffy" and her hands are swollen.Her physician is very concerned,because Lanelle's blood pressure has risen to a dangerous level.Based on this information,Lanelle probably has ________.

A)preeclampsia
B)pica
C)physiological anemia
D)SIDS

Question 31

Fetal alcohol syndrome is characterized by severe birth defects that occur in infants whose mothers ________.

A)drank alcohol excessively during pregnancy
B)were exposed to lead as teenagers
C)drank excessive amounts of sugar-sweetened beverages during pregnancy
D)were exposed to arsenic as teenagers

Question 32

Which of the following is a typical sign you might expect to see in a child with fetal alcohol syndrome?

A)All of the choices are correct.
B)Low nasal bridge
C)Smaller-than-normal head circumference
D)Thin upper lip
E)Reduced width of eye opening

Question 33

During pregnancy,edema can be a sign of a serious health problem if ________.

A)the swelling is limited to the hands and feet
B)morning sickness,heartburn,and fatigue also occur
C)the swelling is accompanied by hypertension and protein in the urine
D)weight loss and morning sickness also occur

Question 34

________ is a common condition that occurs in healthy pregnant women.

A)Physiological anemia
B)Gestational hypertension
C)Gestational diabetes
D)Preeclampsia

Question 35

During her 7th month of pregnancy,Sari developed a life-threatening complication of pregnancy that is characterized by hypertension and convulsions.Based on this information,Sari developed ________.

A)echolalia
B)eclampsia
C)endocarditis
D)endometriosis

Question 36

Pregnant women generally need to take a supplement that contains ________.

A)iron
B)oxytocin
C)protein
D)intrinsic factor

Question 37

Corrina is a 25-year-old pregnant woman.Her need for ________ is 50% higher than before she became pregnant.

A)folate
B)zinc
C)sodium
D)vitamin C

Question 38

________ is a federal program that provides funds to state governments to help specific populations obtain certain supplemental foods and nutrition education.

A)FDA
B)WIC
C)USDA
D)WHO

Question 39

Following a well-balanced diet and avoiding eating large fish during the prenatal period reduces the risk of methylmercury contamination and its impact on the nervous system development during pregnancy.

Question 40

During her 6th month of pregnancy,Miranda developed gestational hypertension.As a result of this condition,Miranda has a higher risk of giving birth to a ________ infant than a pregnant woman who does not experience hypertension.

A)post-mature
B)low-birth-weight
C)high-birth-weight
D)term

Question 41

________ is the production of milk by cells that line the mammary alveoli in breast tissue.

A)Pregnancy
B)Breastfeeding
C)Lactation
D)Let-down reflex

Question 42

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Breastfeeding is more economical than formula feeding.
B)Formula feeding is more convenient than breastfeeding.
C)Women who feed their babies formula tend to lose the extra body fat gained during pregnancy faster than women who breastfeed.
D)Women who breastfeed have higher risks of breast and ovarian cancer than women who feed their babies formula.

Question 43

Compared to infant formulas,human milk is a rich source of ________.

A)fluoride
B)iron
C)vitamin D
D)cholesterol

Question 44

Pregnant women who have type 1 diabetes often need to increase their usual dosages of insulin to control their blood glucose levels,especially during the third trimester.

Question 45

Treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum often includes hospitalization and the administration of intravenous fluids containing glucose,electrolytes,and vitamins to restore the pregnant woman's health.

Question 46

Human milk naturally contains contains less ________ per ounce than formula. 

A)protein
B)carbohydrate
C)cholesterol
D)energy

Question 47

Hormonal changes and slow peristalsis are the main contributors to the constipation many women experience during their pregnancy.

Question 48

Which of the following statements is true? 

A)Breastfeeding reduces a woman's risk of type 1 diabetes in later adulthood. 
B)Human milk naturally contains antibodies and immune cells that are not in infant formulas.
C)The composition of human milk remains consistent over time.
D)Women who breastfeed their babies tend to gain weight at a faster rate than women who choose to formula-feed their infants. 

Question 49

Which of the following substances is a lipid that is necessary for the proper development of an infant's nervous system?

A)Alanine
B)DHA
C)Trans fat
D)EDTA

Question 50

During the first few days after giving birth,the new mother's breasts produce ________.

A)prolactin
B)colostrum
C)oxytocin
D)estrogen

Question 51

The human breast secretes colostrum during the second week of lactation.

Question 52

The hormone oxytocin ________.

A)increases a woman's appetite during pregnancy
B)reduces the ability of blood to clot during the birth process
C)enables the "let-down" reflex to occur when a woman breastfeeds her baby
D)suppresses energy metabolism during pregnancy

Question 53

________ stimulates milk production by certain cells in the breast.

A)Prolactin
B)Progesterone
C)Oxytocin
D)Estrogen

Question 54

Belle is pregnant with her first baby.During a routine prenatal visit with her doctor,Belle was told she has developed a condition that is associated with pregnancy.This condition increases the risk that she will give birth to a baby that weighs more than 8.8 pounds.Based on this information,Belle has ________.

A)chronic eclampsia
B)gestational diabetes
C)cystic fibrosis
D)pernicious anemia

Question 55

Maternal anemia occurs when a pregnant woman has a hematocrit ________.

A)below 33%
B)below 50%
C)below 45%
D)below 60%

Question 56

Jane is 28 weeks pregnant and has been rushed to the hospital after collapsing in her office.Further medical tests have indicated that she is dehydrated and has electrolyte imbalances.The doctor noticed that she has lost weight.  Jane also complains that she is still vomiting and having nausea.Based on this information,Jane suffers from ________.

A)hyperemesis gravidarum
B)morning sickness
C)eclampsia
D)preeclampsia

Question 57

Kari is considering whether she should exclusively breastfeed or formula-feed her new baby.To encourage Kari to breastfeed,you provide some factual information by telling her that ________.

A)breastfeeding can reduce her baby's risk of cystic fibrosis in childhood
B)human milk has the same composition as infant formula
C)breastfeeding can help her lose the body fat she gained during pregnancy
D)human milk is a rich source of iron,calcium,and vitamin D

Question 58

After Ariel gave birth to a healthy baby boy,the physician immediately placed the baby next to Ariel's breast so the infant could begin breastfeeding.This practice ________.

A)stimulates Ariel's uterus to contract,reducing her risk of bleeding excessively
B)increases the baby's heart rate,reducing his risk of myoendocarditis
C)enables the baby's "let-down" reflex to occur,so his gastrointestinal tract will function normally
D)suppresses Ariel's metabolic rate,so her body can shift more energy into milk production

Question 59

Which of the following statements about human milk is false? 

A)Consuming human milk may reduce a baby's risk of type 1 diabetes in childhood. 
B)Human milk naturally contains antibodies and immune cells.
C)The composition of human milk changes over time to meet the nutritional needs of a growing infant.
D)Human milk is a rich source of vitamin D.

Question 60

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Breastfed babies are less likely to develop allergies than babies who are fed infant formula.
B)In the United States,children who were breastfed as infants are more likely to reach puberty faster than children who were fed formula as babies.
C)Breastfed infants generally develop more ear infections than babies who are fed infant formula.
D)Compared to babies who consume infant formula,breastfed babies are less likely to develop inherited diseases such as cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia.

Question 61

Human milk is naturally a rich source of ________.

A)iron
B)vitamin D
C)lipids
D)fluoride

Question 62

Which of the following substances is in breast milk but not in infant formulas?

A)Antibodies
B)Lipids
C)Lactose
D)Iron

Question 63

HIV can be transmitted to the baby via the mother's milk.