Deck 11: Nutrition Through the Life Span - Childhood and Adolescence

Question 1

What foods are most appropriate to introduce to an infant between 6 and 8 months of age, based on the feeding skills of this age?​

A) ​Breads and cereals from the table
B) ​Textured vegetables and fruits
C) ​Yogurt
D) ​Finely cut meat or fish
E) ​Casserole and eggs

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Although there are very few supplemental nutrients recommended during infancy, the AAP does recommend a single dose of what nutrient at birth to prevent uncontrolled bleeding?​

A) ​Vitamin A
B) ​Vitamin B12
C) ​Vitamin C
D) ​Vitamin K
E) ​Vitamin E

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What best describes why cow's milk is not recommended for infants under one year of age?​

A) ​It is too high in iron
B) ​It reduces the bioavailability of vitamin D
C) ​It can cause intestinal bleeding
D) ​It is too low in calcium
E) ​It has a flavor that is not well tolerated among infants

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Not only do infants grow rapidly, but in proportion to body weight, their _____.​

A) ​length doubles within the first year
B) ​basal metabolic rate is high
C) ​energy needs are very low
D) ​vitamin intakes are often limited
E) ​energy intakes are reduced

Question 5

At the age of two, healthy children have attained approximately half of their adult height.​

Question 6

Infant formulas typically contain protective antibodies for infants.​

Question 7

Which factor found in breast milk has been shown to offer protective benefits to the breastfeeding infant?​

A) ​Lactoferrin
B) ​Diacetyl reductase
C) ​Prostacyclin
D) ​Calcitonin
E) ​Glucose oxidase

Question 8

Breast milk provides all of the nutrition an infant needs for the first six months of life, with the possible exception of which nutrient?​

A) ​Vitamin A
B) ​Niacin
C) ​Vitamin E
D) ​Calcium
E) ​Vitamin D

Question 9

No RDA for total fat has been established, but the DRI committee recommends a fat intake of 10 to 15 percent of energy for children 1 to 3 years of age.​

Question 10

The AAP supports exclusive breastfeeding for approximately six months but recognizes that infants are often developmentally ready to accept complementary foods between four and six months of age.​

Question 11

Teenage boys experience a more intense growth spurt and develop more lean body mass than girls do.​

Question 12

​Bradley is an 8-month-old infant who has started eating complementary foods in addition to breastfeeding regularly. What foods should his mother feed him that will support his intake of zinc?

A) ​Fruit juice
B) ​Iron-fortified cereal
C) ​Ice cream
D) ​Chicken
E) ​Oranges

Question 13

The initial goal for overweight children is to reduce weight gain through diet restriction.​

Question 14

Cholesterol values at birth are similar in all populations and differences do not emerge until late adolescence.​

Question 15

A normal infant respiratory rate is between _____ breaths per minute.​

A) ​5 and 10
B) ​15 and 20
C) ​20 and 40
D) ​45 and 60
E) ​60 and 75

Question 16

The RDA increases at age 12 for both males and females and then returns to preadolescent values in early adulthood.​

Question 17

The way children eat influences their nutritional health during childhood, during their teen years, and for the rest of their lives.​

Question 18

What food is most likely introduced early when starting complementary foods because it is the least allergenic to an infant?​

A) ​Oatmeal
B) ​Eggs
C) ​Rice cereal
D) ​Soy milk
E) ​Cream of Wheat

Question 19

Adult heart disease is a major pediatric problem.​

Question 20

The main source of energy in an infant's diet is provided by what substance found in breast milk and formula?​

A) ​lipids
B) ​lactose
C) ​protein
D) ​dextrose
E) ​sucrose

Question 21

A young child who requires 1000 kcalories per day for energy would need how much fruit each day?​

A) ​½ cup
B) ​1 cup
C) ​1 ½ cups
D) ​2 cups
E) ​2 ½ cups

Question 22

​Vegan diets for children must be planned carefully because otherwise they may not provide enough _____.

A) ​protein
B) ​fiber
C) ​kcalories
D) ​sodium
E) ​fat

Question 23

Based on data from the BMI-for-age growth charts, children and adolescents are categorized as overweight when their weight is above the _____ percentile.​

A) ​65th
B) ​75th
C) ​85th
D) ​95th
E) ​99th

Question 24

The food most likely to lead to anaphylactic shock among children is _____.​

A) ​peanuts
B) ​soy
C) ​corn
D) ​strawberries
E) ​maple syrup

Question 25

Research studies conducted on children's food intakes have shown that _____.​

A) ​food energy intake is usually the same from meal to meal
B) ​the total daily energy intake is highly inconsistent
C) ​if a child eats more at one meal, he may eat less at the next
D) ​energy intake decreases as children get older
E) ​children who are picky eaters tend grow up into finicky adults

Question 26

Which activity can a parent perform if he wants to encourage good eating habits that will support continued normal weight as his child grows?​

A) ​Give an infant or child food as a reward
B) ​Allow occasional high-energy sweets
C) ​Urge the child to finish his bottle at each feeding
D) ​Avoid associating food deprivation with punishment
E) ​Feed the child the same foods he likes again and again

Question 27

Iron deficiency not only causes an energy crisis, but also directly _____.​

A) ​damages memory and sleep patterns
B) ​results in poor growth and athletic performance
C) ​impairs attention span and learning ability
D) ​harms the immune system
E) ​causes cardiac arrhythmias and blood pressure problems

Question 28

As a strategy to help prevent childhood obesity, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children be limited to _____ of television and video time per day.​

A) ​30 minutes
B) ​1 hour
C) ​2 hours
D) ​3 hours
E) ​4 hours

Question 29

Circumstances associated with both iron deficiency and lead poisoning are low socioeconomic status and _____.​

A) ​a history of mental illness
B) ​exposure to secondhand smoke
C) ​a diagnosis of ADHD
D) ​exposure to cat litter
E) ​lack of immunizations

Question 30

When feeding an infant, what food should a parent be sure to omit as part of the infant's diet?​

A) ​Poultry
B) ​Fruit juice
C) ​Pasta
D) ​Frozen yogurt
E) ​Honey

Question 31

​The most significant effects of long-term hunger on children include _____.

A) ​behavioral problems
B) ​poor performance in school
C) ​depression
D) ​impaired growth
E) ​cognitive disabilities

Question 32

​Among the following, foods that help most to meet children's iron requirements are _____.

A) ​milk, cheese, or yogurt
B) ​oranges, apples, or bananas
C) ​prunes, grapes, or raisins
D) ​whole-wheat, enriched, or fortified breads
E) ​dark green, deep orange, or yellow vegetables

Question 33

​At about the first birthday, a child's appetite tends to ______.

A) ​increase dramatically
B) ​slow down
C) ​increase very slowly according to weight gain
D) ​intensify as related to sweets and sugar
E) ​expand, requiring at least 6 small meals per day

Question 34

Providing large quantities of candy, cola, and other concentrated sweets during the growing years is most likely to result in _____.​

A) ​obesity
B) ​hyperactivity
C) ​nutrient toxicities
D) ​developmental delays
E) ​iron deficiency

Question 35

Which statement accurately describes the energy needs of a child?​

A) ​Total energy needs increase with age, but energy needs per kilogram of weight decline.
B) ​Energy needs decrease during early childhood and then peak closer to adolescence.
C) ​Total energy needs decrease with age, but energy needs per kilogram of weight increase with age.
D) ​Energy needs increase until puberty, when they dramatically decrease.
E) ​Preschool children expend more energy and so have higher energy needs than school-age children.

Question 36

What symptom would a child most likely experience with impending anaphylactic shock?​

A) ​A pounding headache
B) ​Dry eyes
C) ​Swelling in the ankles and feet
D) ​A tingling sensation in the mouth
E) ​Constipation

Question 37

Compared to their well-fed peers, children who do not eat breakfast may _____.​

A) ​gain excess weight
B) ​struggle with depression
C) ​have shorter attention spans
D) ​have poor peer relationships
E) ​suffer from developmental delays

Question 38

To prevent iron deficiency, a child needs _____ mg of iron per day.​

A) ​2-3
B) ​3-5
C) ​7-10
D) ​9-12
E) ​13-15

Question 39

A concerned parent asks about how to best protect her child from lead exposure and possible toxicity. The best advice is to _____.​

A) ​provide more foods that contain vitamin C
B) ​only use bottled water to make infant formula
C) ​prevent the child from putting old or dirty objects in his mouth
D) ​decrease the number of servings of red meat or poultry
E) ​clean windowsills and door frames regularly with bleach

Question 40

Approximately half of the empty kcalories consumed by children in the United States are contributed by six specific foods, including _____.​

A) ​pizza and soda
B) ​French fries and chips
C) ​chocolate and gum
D) ​white bread and rice
E) ​sausage and bacon

Question 41

The adolescent growth spurt _____.​

A) ​begins earlier in girls than in boys
B) ​affects every organ except the brain
C) ​decreases total nutrient needs
D) ​causes a greater weight gain in girls
E) ​begins earlier in boys than in girls

Question 42

The most influential persons involved in shaping self-concept, addressing weight concerns, and following dieting practices among children and adolescents are the media and _____.​

A) ​teachers
B) ​coaches
C) ​pastors
D) ​parents
E) ​peers

Question 43

A meal provided by the School Breakfast Program must contain _____.​

A) ​one serving of white milk and one of chocolate milk
B) ​two servings of meat, such as bacon or sausage
C) ​three servings of whole grains
D) ​one serving of fruit or vegetable
E) ​one serving of hot cereal

Question 44

Examples of bone-strengthening activities that can be included into a child's daily recreation to control weight and improve physical fitness include _____.​

A) ​running
B) ​cross-country skiing
C) ​bicycle riding
D) ​jumping rope
E) ​brisk walking

Question 45

Iron intakes often do not meet the iron needs of adolescent females because they tend to _____.

A) ​eat fewer iron-rich foods and take in fewer kcalories
B) ​consume more foods that interfere with iron absorption
C) ​have a longer growth spurt
D) ​develop greater lean body mass
E) ​be more physically active

Question 46

What is an example of selection criteria used when evaluating the potential for obesity surgery in an adolescent?​

A) ​BMI >30
B) ​BMI > 25 with significant weight-related problems
C) ​Physical maturity
D) ​Capable of participating in team sports following surgery
E) History of failure in classes at school or another educational program

Question 47

Nutrients often found lacking in teenage diets include _____.​

A) ​iron, calcium, and vitamin D
B) ​vitamin C, sodium, and protein
C) ​fat, iron, and fiber
D) ​calcium, zinc, and vitamin B12
E) ​sodium, magnesium, and chloride

Question 48

The iron RDA for a male age 14-18 who is experiencing a growth spurt is _____ mg/day.​

A) ​8
B) ​10.2
C) ​11
D) ​13.9
E) ​16.1

Question 49

Which recommendation is included by the Expert Committee of the American Medical Association as a healthy habit for children and adolescents to prevent obesity?​

A) ​Eat together as a family as often as possible
B) ​Engage in at least 20 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity every day
C) ​Eat foods high in energy density
D) ​Limit the amount of total fiber intake each day
E) ​Eat at least ½ to 1 cup of fruits and vegetables per day

Question 50

Adolescents who drink soft drinks regularly have _____ when compared to those who do not.​

A) ​greater iron intake
B) ​higher blood pressure
C) ​an increased risk of colon cancer
D) ​lower calcium intake
E) ​more episodes of constipation

Question 51

​Michael's mother complains that he is a very picky eater and never likes to try new foods. She states that he will only eat chicken nuggets and toaster pastries. Which strategy could be advised to Michael's mother that may help him to be less picky with eating?

A) ​Serve meals in their traditional order, on a regular schedule
B) ​Encourage the child to finish a small serving of each meal
C) ​Let the child participate in meal planning and grocery shopping
D) ​Reward the child with chicken nuggets if he eats a new food
E) ​Allow the child to watch television commercials about good foods while eating

Question 52

A mother who wants to teach her child healthy eating habits and to make good choices about foods should be advised to follow which tip to honor her child's food choices?​

A) ​Offer vegetables that are cooked and soft
B) ​Give the child a choice between brightly colored vegetables or peanut butter and jelly
C) ​Serve smooth foods, such as mashed potatoes, without lumps
D) ​Offer cooked foods at temperatures that are hot to the touch
E) ​Encourage the child to eat more spicy foods

Question 53

On average, about _____ of an adolescent's total daily energy intake comes from snacks.​

A) ​1/4
B) ​1/3
C) ​1/2
D) ​2/3
E) ​3/4

Question 54

Adolescents who eat at home with family members _____.​

A) ​tend to gain more weight
B) ​are less influenced by their peers
C) ​consume a more nutritious diet
D) ​watch more television
E) ​perform better in school

Question 55

Adolescents eat about _____ of their meals away from home, which can enhance or hinder their nutritional well-being.​

A) ​1/4
B) ​1/3
C) ​1/2
D) ​2/3
E) ​3/4

Question 56

At home, where teenagers are frequently snacking, the best strategy for parents is to stock the pantry with _____.​

A) ​plenty of diet drinks and low-fat snacks
B) ​easy-to-grab foods that are nutritious
C) ​enough food for only one snack a day
D) ​100-kcalorie snack packs
E) ​a variety of fruits, vegetables, and sweets

Question 57

According to the USDA Nutrition Standards for foods sold in schools, all schools may sell which beverages?​

A) ​Flavored or unflavored low-fat milk
B) ​Unflavored vitamin D milk
C) ​Plain or carbonated water
D) ​Water, low-fat milk, and sports drinks
E) ​Water and diet soda

Question 58

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, lunches provided at school must contain how many 1-oz. servings of meat or meat alternatives for elementary students?​

A) ​1-3
B) ​4-5
C) ​6-7
D) ​8-10
E) ​11-13

Question 59

A 2-year-old child is able to perform which developmental task that allows him to eat and enjoy foods?​

A) ​Making simple food choices
B) ​Eating with minimal supervision
C) ​Requesting favorite foods
D) ​Accepting the food that is available
E) ​Developing food likes and dislikes

Question 60

Power struggles over food arise when _____.​

A) ​parents try to control every aspect of a child's eating
B) ​children are allowed to regulate their own food intake
C) ​parents don't demonstrate healthy eating habits
D) ​children are presented with too many food choices
E) ​parents allow their children to eat their favorite foods

Question 61

Bobby, a 9-year-old Caucasian boy, is being seen for a health physical. His physical exam revealed a normal BMI with an increase in height of an inch and a half in the past year. His skin was noted to be pale, and his eyelid mucosae were white. His mother's chief complaint is that Bobby is often lethargic at school and has been reprimanded for failing to pay attention. He dropped out of soccer when the practices became too physically demanding, and since then, he spends several hours each night watching TV and playing video games. He gets very little exercise. Bobby states that he would like to play soccer next year, but that he "didn't feel like it" this year. Though his mom says he is always willing to go to bed when asked, he seems irritable and withdrawn. The nurse practitioner obtains his diet history, using MyPlate to ask about food groups he usually eats:
Grains Group: Prefers refined grains, such as Chex, Rice Krispies, and Frosted Flakes for breakfast with milk. Prefers white bread, bagels, crackers, and pretzels. The only whole grain he eats is microwave popcorn.
Vegetables Group: Favorite is French fries. Eats canned vegetables such as canned green beans and corn. At school, enjoys cream of tomato soup. Likes lettuce and tomato on his School Lunch tacos, but if he had his choice, he would not choose a salad or side vegetable.
Fruits Group: Likes apples, grapes, bananas, canned fruit, and fruit juice.
Milk Group: Regularly consumes two 8-ounce cups of 2% milk or whole chocolate milk per day. Likes grilled cheese sandwiches, string cheese, and ice cream.
Protein Foods Group: Favorites are chicken nuggets, bacon, breakfast sausage, and fish sticks. At school, likes peanut butter and jelly sandwiches, but otherwise does not like nuts, seeds, or legumes.
Discretionary kcalories: Eats candy and cookies and drinks soda every day; drinks iced tea occasionally with his School Lunch instead of milk. He puts ketchup on "everything."
​
Which food-beverage combination will best improve Bobby's iron status?​

A) ​ham sandwich with iced tea
B) ​ham sandwich with orange juice
C) ​ham sandwich with milk
D) ​ham sandwich with water
E) ​ham sandwich with a sports drink

Question 62

Matching
a. ​one of the stress hormones secreted whenever emergency action is needed
b. ​a key person who controls other people's access to foods and exerts a profound impact on their nutrition
c. ​an adverse reaction to food that involves an immune response
d. ​accumulation of cholesterol and other lipids along the walls of the arteries
e. ​a life-threatening whole-body allergic reaction to an offending substance
f. ​an accumulation of fatty deposits, smooth muscle cells, and fibrous connective tissue that develops in the artery walls
g. ​a secretion from the breasts, present before milk appears and rich in protective factors
h. ​adverse reactions to foods or food additives that do not involve the immune system
i. ​a general term for all diseases of the heart and blood vessels
j. ​foods fed to infants in addition to breast milk or formula
k. ​a type of artery disease characterized by accumulations of lipid- containing material on the inner walls of the arteries
l. ​the period in life in which a person becomes physically capable of reproduction
m. ​extensive tooth damage due to prolonged contact with milk, fruit juice, or formula offered to an infant in a bottle
n. ​inattentive and impulsive behavior that is more frequent and severe than is typical of others of a similar age
o. ​substances that elicit the formation of antibodies or an inflammation reaction from the immune system
puberty

Question 63

Matching
a. ​one of the stress hormones secreted whenever emergency action is needed
b. ​a key person who controls other people's access to foods and exerts a profound impact on their nutrition
c. ​an adverse reaction to food that involves an immune response
d. ​accumulation of cholesterol and other lipids along the walls of the arteries
e. ​a life-threatening whole-body allergic reaction to an offending substance
f. ​an accumulation of fatty deposits, smooth muscle cells, and fibrous connective tissue that develops in the artery walls
g. ​a secretion from the breasts, present before milk appears and rich in protective factors
h. ​adverse reactions to foods or food additives that do not involve the immune system
i. ​a general term for all diseases of the heart and blood vessels
j. ​foods fed to infants in addition to breast milk or formula
k. ​a type of artery disease characterized by accumulations of lipid- containing material on the inner walls of the arteries
l. ​the period in life in which a person becomes physically capable of reproduction
m. ​extensive tooth damage due to prolonged contact with milk, fruit juice, or formula offered to an infant in a bottle
n. ​inattentive and impulsive behavior that is more frequent and severe than is typical of others of a similar age
o. ​substances that elicit the formation of antibodies or an inflammation reaction from the immune system
​epinephrine

Question 64

Bobby, a 9-year-old Caucasian boy, is being seen for a health physical. His physical exam revealed a normal BMI with an increase in height of an inch and a half in the past year. His skin was noted to be pale, and his eyelid mucosae were white. His mother's chief complaint is that Bobby is often lethargic at school and has been reprimanded for failing to pay attention. He dropped out of soccer when the practices became too physically demanding, and since then, he spends several hours each night watching TV and playing video games. He gets very little exercise. Bobby states that he would like to play soccer next year, but that he "didn't feel like it" this year. Though his mom says he is always willing to go to bed when asked, he seems irritable and withdrawn. The nurse practitioner obtains his diet history, using MyPlate to ask about food groups he usually eats:
Grains Group: Prefers refined grains, such as Chex, Rice Krispies, and Frosted Flakes for breakfast with milk. Prefers white bread, bagels, crackers, and pretzels. The only whole grain he eats is microwave popcorn.
Vegetables Group: Favorite is French fries. Eats canned vegetables such as canned green beans and corn. At school, enjoys cream of tomato soup. Likes lettuce and tomato on his School Lunch tacos, but if he had his choice, he would not choose a salad or side vegetable.
Fruits Group: Likes apples, grapes, bananas, canned fruit, and fruit juice.
Milk Group: Regularly consumes two 8-ounce cups of 2% milk or whole chocolate milk per day. Likes grilled cheese sandwiches, string cheese, and ice cream.
Protein Foods Group: Favorites are chicken nuggets, bacon, breakfast sausage, and fish sticks. At school, likes peanut butter and jelly sandwiches, but otherwise does not like nuts, seeds, or legumes.
Discretionary kcalories: Eats candy and cookies and drinks soda every day; drinks iced tea occasionally with his School Lunch instead of milk. He puts ketchup on "everything."
​
The nurse practitioner suggests that Bobby begin taking an over-the-counter children's multivitamin-mineral supplement and that he take in approximately 1600 kcalories per day of a variety of healthy foods. How many cups of milk will Bobby need to consume daily?​

A) ​1
B) ​1 ½
C) ​2
D) ​2 ½
E) ​3

Question 65

Matching
a. ​one of the stress hormones secreted whenever emergency action is needed
b. ​a key person who controls other people's access to foods and exerts a profound impact on their nutrition
c. ​an adverse reaction to food that involves an immune response
d. ​accumulation of cholesterol and other lipids along the walls of the arteries
e. ​a life-threatening whole-body allergic reaction to an offending substance
f. ​an accumulation of fatty deposits, smooth muscle cells, and fibrous connective tissue that develops in the artery walls
g. ​a secretion from the breasts, present before milk appears and rich in protective factors
h. ​adverse reactions to foods or food additives that do not involve the immune system
i. ​a general term for all diseases of the heart and blood vessels
j. ​foods fed to infants in addition to breast milk or formula
k. ​a type of artery disease characterized by accumulations of lipid- containing material on the inner walls of the arteries
l. ​the period in life in which a person becomes physically capable of reproduction
m. ​extensive tooth damage due to prolonged contact with milk, fruit juice, or formula offered to an infant in a bottle
n. ​inattentive and impulsive behavior that is more frequent and severe than is typical of others of a similar age
o. ​substances that elicit the formation of antibodies or an inflammation reaction from the immune system
​nursing bottle tooth decay

Question 66

Matching
a. ​one of the stress hormones secreted whenever emergency action is needed
b. ​a key person who controls other people's access to foods and exerts a profound impact on their nutrition
c. ​an adverse reaction to food that involves an immune response
d. ​accumulation of cholesterol and other lipids along the walls of the arteries
e. ​a life-threatening whole-body allergic reaction to an offending substance
f. ​an accumulation of fatty deposits, smooth muscle cells, and fibrous connective tissue that develops in the artery walls
g. ​a secretion from the breasts, present before milk appears and rich in protective factors
h. ​adverse reactions to foods or food additives that do not involve the immune system
i. ​a general term for all diseases of the heart and blood vessels
j. ​foods fed to infants in addition to breast milk or formula
k. ​a type of artery disease characterized by accumulations of lipid- containing material on the inner walls of the arteries
l. ​the period in life in which a person becomes physically capable of reproduction
m. ​extensive tooth damage due to prolonged contact with milk, fruit juice, or formula offered to an infant in a bottle
n. ​inattentive and impulsive behavior that is more frequent and severe than is typical of others of a similar age
o. ​substances that elicit the formation of antibodies or an inflammation reaction from the immune system
anaphylactic shock​

Question 67

Matching
a. ​one of the stress hormones secreted whenever emergency action is needed
b. ​a key person who controls other people's access to foods and exerts a profound impact on their nutrition
c. ​an adverse reaction to food that involves an immune response
d. ​accumulation of cholesterol and other lipids along the walls of the arteries
e. ​a life-threatening whole-body allergic reaction to an offending substance
f. ​an accumulation of fatty deposits, smooth muscle cells, and fibrous connective tissue that develops in the artery walls
g. ​a secretion from the breasts, present before milk appears and rich in protective factors
h. ​adverse reactions to foods or food additives that do not involve the immune system
i. ​a general term for all diseases of the heart and blood vessels
j. ​foods fed to infants in addition to breast milk or formula
k. ​a type of artery disease characterized by accumulations of lipid- containing material on the inner walls of the arteries
l. ​the period in life in which a person becomes physically capable of reproduction
m. ​extensive tooth damage due to prolonged contact with milk, fruit juice, or formula offered to an infant in a bottle
n. ​inattentive and impulsive behavior that is more frequent and severe than is typical of others of a similar age
o. ​substances that elicit the formation of antibodies or an inflammation reaction from the immune system
food allergy

Question 68

The most important risk factor for type 2 diabetes in children is _____.​

A) ​food intolerances
B) ​high cholesterol
C) ​obesity
D) ​food allergies
E) ​ethnicity

Question 69

Matching
a. ​one of the stress hormones secreted whenever emergency action is needed
b. ​a key person who controls other people's access to foods and exerts a profound impact on their nutrition
c. ​an adverse reaction to food that involves an immune response
d. ​accumulation of cholesterol and other lipids along the walls of the arteries
e. ​a life-threatening whole-body allergic reaction to an offending substance
f. ​an accumulation of fatty deposits, smooth muscle cells, and fibrous connective tissue that develops in the artery walls
g. ​a secretion from the breasts, present before milk appears and rich in protective factors
h. ​adverse reactions to foods or food additives that do not involve the immune system
i. ​a general term for all diseases of the heart and blood vessels
j. ​foods fed to infants in addition to breast milk or formula
k. ​a type of artery disease characterized by accumulations of lipid- containing material on the inner walls of the arteries
l. ​the period in life in which a person becomes physically capable of reproduction
m. ​extensive tooth damage due to prolonged contact with milk, fruit juice, or formula offered to an infant in a bottle
n. ​inattentive and impulsive behavior that is more frequent and severe than is typical of others of a similar age
o. ​substances that elicit the formation of antibodies or an inflammation reaction from the immune system
​food intolerances

Question 70

Matching
a. ​one of the stress hormones secreted whenever emergency action is needed
b. ​a key person who controls other people's access to foods and exerts a profound impact on their nutrition
c. ​an adverse reaction to food that involves an immune response
d. ​accumulation of cholesterol and other lipids along the walls of the arteries
e. ​a life-threatening whole-body allergic reaction to an offending substance
f. ​an accumulation of fatty deposits, smooth muscle cells, and fibrous connective tissue that develops in the artery walls
g. ​a secretion from the breasts, present before milk appears and rich in protective factors
h. ​adverse reactions to foods or food additives that do not involve the immune system
i. ​a general term for all diseases of the heart and blood vessels
j. ​foods fed to infants in addition to breast milk or formula
k. ​a type of artery disease characterized by accumulations of lipid- containing material on the inner walls of the arteries
l. ​the period in life in which a person becomes physically capable of reproduction
m. ​extensive tooth damage due to prolonged contact with milk, fruit juice, or formula offered to an infant in a bottle
n. ​inattentive and impulsive behavior that is more frequent and severe than is typical of others of a similar age
o. ​substances that elicit the formation of antibodies or an inflammation reaction from the immune system
​hyperactivity

Question 71

Bobby, a 9-year-old Caucasian boy, is being seen for a health physical. His physical exam revealed a normal BMI with an increase in height of an inch and a half in the past year. His skin was noted to be pale, and his eyelid mucosae were white. His mother's chief complaint is that Bobby is often lethargic at school and has been reprimanded for failing to pay attention. He dropped out of soccer when the practices became too physically demanding, and since then, he spends several hours each night watching TV and playing video games. He gets very little exercise. Bobby states that he would like to play soccer next year, but that he "didn't feel like it" this year. Though his mom says he is always willing to go to bed when asked, he seems irritable and withdrawn. The nurse practitioner obtains his diet history, using MyPlate to ask about food groups he usually eats:
Grains Group: Prefers refined grains, such as Chex, Rice Krispies, and Frosted Flakes for breakfast with milk. Prefers white bread, bagels, crackers, and pretzels. The only whole grain he eats is microwave popcorn.
Vegetables Group: Favorite is French fries. Eats canned vegetables such as canned green beans and corn. At school, enjoys cream of tomato soup. Likes lettuce and tomato on his School Lunch tacos, but if he had his choice, he would not choose a salad or side vegetable.
Fruits Group: Likes apples, grapes, bananas, canned fruit, and fruit juice.
Milk Group: Regularly consumes two 8-ounce cups of 2% milk or whole chocolate milk per day. Likes grilled cheese sandwiches, string cheese, and ice cream.
Protein Foods Group: Favorites are chicken nuggets, bacon, breakfast sausage, and fish sticks. At school, likes peanut butter and jelly sandwiches, but otherwise does not like nuts, seeds, or legumes.
Discretionary kcalories: Eats candy and cookies and drinks soda every day; drinks iced tea occasionally with his School Lunch instead of milk. He puts ketchup on "everything."
​
When assessing Bobby's food intake, the nurse practitioner includes questioning regarding pica. Which question would be most appropriate to assess for pica?​

A) ​"Do you ever crave or eat non-foods, such as paint chips?"
B) ​"Do you have diarrhea?"
C) ​"Do you skip breakfast?"
D) ​"Do you experience a tingling in your throat when you consume certain foods?"
E) ​"Do you have stomach pain after you drink milk?"

Question 72

Persistent high blood cholesterol levels may need to be treated with drugs in children once they are _____ years old.​

A) ​4
B) ​6
C) ​8
D) ​10
E) ​16

Question 73

Matching
a. ​one of the stress hormones secreted whenever emergency action is needed
b. ​a key person who controls other people's access to foods and exerts a profound impact on their nutrition
c. ​an adverse reaction to food that involves an immune response
d. ​accumulation of cholesterol and other lipids along the walls of the arteries
e. ​a life-threatening whole-body allergic reaction to an offending substance
f. ​an accumulation of fatty deposits, smooth muscle cells, and fibrous connective tissue that develops in the artery walls
g. ​a secretion from the breasts, present before milk appears and rich in protective factors
h. ​adverse reactions to foods or food additives that do not involve the immune system
i. ​a general term for all diseases of the heart and blood vessels
j. ​foods fed to infants in addition to breast milk or formula
k. ​a type of artery disease characterized by accumulations of lipid- containing material on the inner walls of the arteries
l. ​the period in life in which a person becomes physically capable of reproduction
m. ​extensive tooth damage due to prolonged contact with milk, fruit juice, or formula offered to an infant in a bottle
n. ​inattentive and impulsive behavior that is more frequent and severe than is typical of others of a similar age
o. ​substances that elicit the formation of antibodies or an inflammation reaction from the immune system
​complementary foods

Question 74

Matching
a. ​one of the stress hormones secreted whenever emergency action is needed
b. ​a key person who controls other people's access to foods and exerts a profound impact on their nutrition
c. ​an adverse reaction to food that involves an immune response
d. ​accumulation of cholesterol and other lipids along the walls of the arteries
e. ​a life-threatening whole-body allergic reaction to an offending substance
f. ​an accumulation of fatty deposits, smooth muscle cells, and fibrous connective tissue that develops in the artery walls
g. ​a secretion from the breasts, present before milk appears and rich in protective factors
h. ​adverse reactions to foods or food additives that do not involve the immune system
i. ​a general term for all diseases of the heart and blood vessels
j. ​foods fed to infants in addition to breast milk or formula
k. ​a type of artery disease characterized by accumulations of lipid- containing material on the inner walls of the arteries
l. ​the period in life in which a person becomes physically capable of reproduction
m. ​extensive tooth damage due to prolonged contact with milk, fruit juice, or formula offered to an infant in a bottle
n. ​inattentive and impulsive behavior that is more frequent and severe than is typical of others of a similar age
o. ​substances that elicit the formation of antibodies or an inflammation reaction from the immune system
​antigens

Question 75

Matching
a. ​one of the stress hormones secreted whenever emergency action is needed
b. ​a key person who controls other people's access to foods and exerts a profound impact on their nutrition
c. ​an adverse reaction to food that involves an immune response
d. ​accumulation of cholesterol and other lipids along the walls of the arteries
e. ​a life-threatening whole-body allergic reaction to an offending substance
f. ​an accumulation of fatty deposits, smooth muscle cells, and fibrous connective tissue that develops in the artery walls
g. ​a secretion from the breasts, present before milk appears and rich in protective factors
h. ​adverse reactions to foods or food additives that do not involve the immune system
i. ​a general term for all diseases of the heart and blood vessels
j. ​foods fed to infants in addition to breast milk or formula
k. ​a type of artery disease characterized by accumulations of lipid- containing material on the inner walls of the arteries
l. ​the period in life in which a person becomes physically capable of reproduction
m. ​extensive tooth damage due to prolonged contact with milk, fruit juice, or formula offered to an infant in a bottle
n. ​inattentive and impulsive behavior that is more frequent and severe than is typical of others of a similar age
o. ​substances that elicit the formation of antibodies or an inflammation reaction from the immune system
​colostrum

Question 76

Bobby, a 9-year-old Caucasian boy, is being seen for a health physical. His physical exam revealed a normal BMI with an increase in height of an inch and a half in the past year. His skin was noted to be pale, and his eyelid mucosae were white. His mother's chief complaint is that Bobby is often lethargic at school and has been reprimanded for failing to pay attention. He dropped out of soccer when the practices became too physically demanding, and since then, he spends several hours each night watching TV and playing video games. He gets very little exercise. Bobby states that he would like to play soccer next year, but that he "didn't feel like it" this year. Though his mom says he is always willing to go to bed when asked, he seems irritable and withdrawn. The nurse practitioner obtains his diet history, using MyPlate to ask about food groups he usually eats:
Grains Group: Prefers refined grains, such as Chex, Rice Krispies, and Frosted Flakes for breakfast with milk. Prefers white bread, bagels, crackers, and pretzels. The only whole grain he eats is microwave popcorn.
Vegetables Group: Favorite is French fries. Eats canned vegetables such as canned green beans and corn. At school, enjoys cream of tomato soup. Likes lettuce and tomato on his School Lunch tacos, but if he had his choice, he would not choose a salad or side vegetable.
Fruits Group: Likes apples, grapes, bananas, canned fruit, and fruit juice.
Milk Group: Regularly consumes two 8-ounce cups of 2% milk or whole chocolate milk per day. Likes grilled cheese sandwiches, string cheese, and ice cream.
Protein Foods Group: Favorites are chicken nuggets, bacon, breakfast sausage, and fish sticks. At school, likes peanut butter and jelly sandwiches, but otherwise does not like nuts, seeds, or legumes.
Discretionary kcalories: Eats candy and cookies and drinks soda every day; drinks iced tea occasionally with his School Lunch instead of milk. He puts ketchup on "everything."
​
Which food is a common source of vitamin D among children, which Bobby could incorporate into his own diet?​

A) ​Cereal
B) ​Yogurt
C) ​Chicken
D) ​Bananas
E) ​Sherbet

Question 77

For boys born in the United States in the year 2000, the risk of developing type 2 diabetes sometime in their lives is estimated to be _____.​

A) ​10 percent
B) ​25 percent
C) ​30 percent
D) ​45 percent
E) ​60 percent

Question 78

Bobby, a 9-year-old Caucasian boy, is being seen for a health physical. His physical exam revealed a normal BMI with an increase in height of an inch and a half in the past year. His skin was noted to be pale, and his eyelid mucosae were white. His mother's chief complaint is that Bobby is often lethargic at school and has been reprimanded for failing to pay attention. He dropped out of soccer when the practices became too physically demanding, and since then, he spends several hours each night watching TV and playing video games. He gets very little exercise. Bobby states that he would like to play soccer next year, but that he "didn't feel like it" this year. Though his mom says he is always willing to go to bed when asked, he seems irritable and withdrawn. The nurse practitioner obtains his diet history, using MyPlate to ask about food groups he usually eats:
Grains Group: Prefers refined grains, such as Chex, Rice Krispies, and Frosted Flakes for breakfast with milk. Prefers white bread, bagels, crackers, and pretzels. The only whole grain he eats is microwave popcorn.
Vegetables Group: Favorite is French fries. Eats canned vegetables such as canned green beans and corn. At school, enjoys cream of tomato soup. Likes lettuce and tomato on his School Lunch tacos, but if he had his choice, he would not choose a salad or side vegetable.
Fruits Group: Likes apples, grapes, bananas, canned fruit, and fruit juice.
Milk Group: Regularly consumes two 8-ounce cups of 2% milk or whole chocolate milk per day. Likes grilled cheese sandwiches, string cheese, and ice cream.
Protein Foods Group: Favorites are chicken nuggets, bacon, breakfast sausage, and fish sticks. At school, likes peanut butter and jelly sandwiches, but otherwise does not like nuts, seeds, or legumes.
Discretionary kcalories: Eats candy and cookies and drinks soda every day; drinks iced tea occasionally with his School Lunch instead of milk. He puts ketchup on "everything."
​
Bobby's diet is low in iron, vitamin D, and fiber and he eats too many foods that contain added sugars. What test can the nurse practitioner perform that would most likely determine if Bobby has an iron deficit in his blood?​

A) ​Comprehensive metabolic panel
B) ​Creatinine
C) ​Blood urea nitrogen
D) ​Albumin/globulin ratio
E) ​Hematocrit

Question 79

Bobby, a 9-year-old Caucasian boy, is being seen for a health physical. His physical exam revealed a normal BMI with an increase in height of an inch and a half in the past year. His skin was noted to be pale, and his eyelid mucosae were white. His mother's chief complaint is that Bobby is often lethargic at school and has been reprimanded for failing to pay attention. He dropped out of soccer when the practices became too physically demanding, and since then, he spends several hours each night watching TV and playing video games. He gets very little exercise. Bobby states that he would like to play soccer next year, but that he "didn't feel like it" this year. Though his mom says he is always willing to go to bed when asked, he seems irritable and withdrawn. The nurse practitioner obtains his diet history, using MyPlate to ask about food groups he usually eats:
Grains Group: Prefers refined grains, such as Chex, Rice Krispies, and Frosted Flakes for breakfast with milk. Prefers white bread, bagels, crackers, and pretzels. The only whole grain he eats is microwave popcorn.
Vegetables Group: Favorite is French fries. Eats canned vegetables such as canned green beans and corn. At school, enjoys cream of tomato soup. Likes lettuce and tomato on his School Lunch tacos, but if he had his choice, he would not choose a salad or side vegetable.
Fruits Group: Likes apples, grapes, bananas, canned fruit, and fruit juice.
Milk Group: Regularly consumes two 8-ounce cups of 2% milk or whole chocolate milk per day. Likes grilled cheese sandwiches, string cheese, and ice cream.
Protein Foods Group: Favorites are chicken nuggets, bacon, breakfast sausage, and fish sticks. At school, likes peanut butter and jelly sandwiches, but otherwise does not like nuts, seeds, or legumes.
Discretionary kcalories: Eats candy and cookies and drinks soda every day; drinks iced tea occasionally with his School Lunch instead of milk. He puts ketchup on "everything."
​
Bobby's fatigue is due to iron's role in _____.​

A) ​neurotransmitter synthesis
B) ​immune function
C) ​energy metabolism
D) ​brain tissue development
E) ​skeletal muscle formation

Question 80

An acceptable total cholesterol level for a child or adolescent is _____.​

A) ​< 120 mg/dL
B) ​<170 mg/dL
C) ​170-199 mg/dL
D) ​200-239 mg/dL
E) ​>240 mg/dL