Deck 17: Nutrition and Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Question 1

Clinical studies indicate that the gastric banding procedure is more effective and has fewer long-term complications than gastric bypass surgery.​

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Xerostomia is a side effect of many medications and can make chewing and swallowing more difficult.​

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What method would most likely improve a patient's acceptance of pureed foods in a dysphagia diet?​

A) ​Changing the foods so that they are watery and thin
B) ​Serving brightly colored foods
C) ​Avoiding spices and seasonings
D) ​Using paper plates and plastic cutlery
E) ​Avoiding pureeing a patient's favorite foods.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

People with _____ often complain of food "sticking" in the esophagus.​

A) ​esophageal dysphagia
B) ​oropharyngeal dysphagia
C) ​dyspepsia
D) ​gastritis
E) ​xerostomia

Question 5

What factor is most likely a cause of xerostomia?​

A) Poorly controlled cardiovascular disease​
B) ​High cholesterol levels
C) ​Excessive nose breathing
D) ​Poor taste sensation
E) ​Radiation therapy to the head and neck

Question 6

A condition in which a portion of the stomach protrudes above the diaphragm is known as _____.​

A) ​hiatal hernia
B) ​Barrett's esophagus
C) ​gastritis
D) ​gastric ulcer
E) ​gastroesophageal reflux

Question 7

Even occasional vomiting can cause esophagitis and fluid and electrolyte imbalances and may require medical care.​

Question 8

The most effective medications for suppressing gastric acid secretion are _____.​

A) ​H2 blockers
B) ​proton-pump inhibitors
C) ​antacids
D) ​NSAIDs
E) ​antibiotics

Question 9

What condition would most likely contribute to development of GERD? ​

A) Advancing age
B) ​Underweight
C) ​H. pylori infection
D) ​Pregnancy
E) Head and neck cancer

Question 10

A patient with oropharyngeal dysphagia would most likely demonstrate which symptom?​

A) ​A gurgling noise after swallowing
B) ​Bad breath
C) ​Gum ulcerations
D) ​Heartburn
E) ​Abdominal distention

Question 11

What condition is known as a potential cause of esophageal dysphagia?​

A) ​Parkinson's disease
B) ​Cerebral palsy
C) ​Scleroderma
D) ​Multiple sclerosis
E) ​Muscular dystrophy

Question 12

Antimicrobial mouth rinses are the primary form of treatment for dental caries.​

Question 13

Symptoms of dumping syndrome are due to a shift of fluid from the bloodstream to the intestinal lumen that increases intestinal distention and lowers blood volume.​

Question 14

Caries develops when the bacteria that reside in dental plaque metabolize dietary carbohydrates and produce acids that attack tooth enamel.​

Question 15

Oropharyngeal dysphagia is common in elderly persons and frequently follows a stroke.​

Question 16

In the dietary treatment of gastritis, it is important to eliminate irritating foods and beverages.​

Question 17

Repeated bouts of pneumonia may be associated with which condition affecting the upper gastrointestinal tract?​

A) Dysphagia
B) ​Xerostomia
C) ​Xerostomia
D) ​Gastritis
E) ​Peptic ulcer disease

Question 18

Psychological stress by itself is not believed to cause ulcers, but it has effects on physiological processes and behaviors that may increase a person's vulnerability.​

Question 19

Following gastrectomy, the patient may require as many as eight to twelve small meals and snacks per day.​

Question 20

According to the National Dysphagia Diet, what food is allowed for a patient in Level 2: Dysphagia Mechanically Altered foods?​

A) ​Hot dogs
B) ​Pineapple
C) ​Pineapple
D) ​Canned peaches
E) Peanut butter

Question 21

Liquids are restricted during meals following a gastrectomy because they _____.​

A) can increase stomach emptying rate.​
B) ​lead to urinary retention
C) add unwanted kcalories
D) ​are likely to cause aspiration
E) ​can decrease stomach emptying rate

Question 22

Rapid weight loss following bariatric surgery increases the risk of developing _____.​

A) ​cirrhosis
B) ​hypertension
C) ​type 2 diabetes
D) ​gallbladder disease
E) ​Sjögren's syndrome

Question 23

What substance has been reported to cause symptoms of dyspepsia?​

A) Apples
B) ​Turkey
C) ​Coffee
D) ​Peanut butter
E) ​Corn

Question 24

Dietary adjustments after a gastrectomy are influenced by _____.​

A) ​the size of the remaining stomach
B) ​the patient's fluid intake
C) ​the type of surgical procedure performed
D) ​the patient's food preferences
E) ​the resulting slower gastric emptying

Question 25

General discomfort in the upper abdominal area with complaints of stomach pain, gnawing sensations, fullness, nausea, and bloating is descriptive of _____.​

A) ​peptic ulcer disease
B) ​dyspepsia
C) ​hiatal hernia
D) ​Sjögren's syndrome
E) ​H. pylori infection

Question 26

Clients with reflux esophagitis should be instructed to _____.​

A) ​eat small, frequent meals
B) ​drink liquids with meals
C) ​lie down after eating
D) ​consume caffeine-containing foods and beverages
E) ​avoid physical activity

Question 27

What treatment is most often used in the management of ulcers?​

A) Surgery
B) ​Relaxation therapy
C) ​Aspirin
D) ​Vitamin C
E) ​Antibiotics

Question 28

Hypochlorhydria may most likely result from what condition?​

A) ​Esophageal dysphagia
B) ​Peptic ulcer disease
C) ​Dyspepsia
D) ​Bariatric surgery
E) Gastritis

Question 29

What food should be limited in a post-gastrectomy diet unless tolerated by the patient?​

A) ​Milkshakes
B) ​Lean meat
C) ​Bananas
D) ​Lettuce
E) ​Cheese

Question 30

​What condition is considered a cause of acute gastritis?

A) Food allergies​
B) ​Viral infection
C) ​Repeated use of NSAIDS
D) ​Radiation therapy
E) Stomach cancer

Question 31

What symptoms are most closely associated with early dumping syndrome?​

A) Anxiety
B) ​Confusion
C) ​Hunger
D) ​Palpitations
E) ​Diarrhea

Question 32

Peptic ulcers are a major cause of _____, which occurs in up to 15 percent of ulcer cases.​

A) ​pain
B) ​dysphagia
C) ​gastrointestinal bleeding
D) ​reflux esophagitis
E) ​dry mouth

Question 33

What strategy would be most effective to suggest for management of GERD?​

A) ​Only drink liquids with meals
B) ​Avoid gas-forming foods
C) ​Eat large food portions
D) ​Eat a peppermint candy after a meal
E) Avoid alcohol

Question 34

Nutrition interventions to ease the symptoms of nausea include _____.​

A) ​eating dry, starchy foods
B) ​drinking hot beverages
C) ​adding butter and oil to foods
D) ​eating raw vegetables
E) ​drinking beverages with meals

Question 35

Following bariatric surgery, the gastric pouch may eventually stretch to hold about _____ of food.​

A) ​1/4 cup
B) ​1/2 cup
C) 1 cup
D) ​1 1/2 cups
E) ​2 cups

Question 36

To prevent dumping syndrome, a patient should be advised to _____.​

A) limit the amount of fluid consumed with a meal​
B) avoid fiber-rich foods
C) ​drink a cold beverage with each meal
D) ​avoid lying down after eating
E) avoid tight-fitting clothing

Question 37

The protein recommendation for bariatric surgery patients is _____. ​

A) ​0.8-1.0 g/kg ideal body weight per day
B) ​1.0-1.5 g/kg ideal body weight per day
C) ​1.8-2.2 g/kg ideal body weight per day
D) ​2.5-3.0 g/kg ideal body weight per day
E) ​3.3-3.5 g/kg ideal body weight per day

Question 38

What complication is most closely associated with surgical gastrectomy?​

A) ​Osteoporosis
B) Weight gain
C) ​Protein malabsorption
D) ​Vitamin D deficiency
E) ​Hypoglycemia

Question 39

What is the diet progression following bariatric surgery?​

A) ​clear liquid, liquid, pureed, regular
B) ​liquid, mechanical soft, low-fat, regular
C) ​pureed, chopped, regular
D) ​pureed, chopped, soft, regular
E) ​clear liquid, soft, regular

Question 40

A major factor associated in the development of both gastritis and peptic ulcer disease is _____.​

A) ​infection with H. pylori
B) ​stress
C) ​overeating
D) cigarette smoking​
E) ​decreased physical activity

Question 41

Which risk factor is most closely associated with development of periodontal disease?​

A) Dysphagia​
B) ​Use of antihypertensive drugs
C) ​Epilepsy
D) ​Atherosclerosis
E) ​Pregnancy

Question 42

What food would most likely stimulate saliva flow and neutralize acids in the mouth?​

A) ​A hamburger
B) ​Legumes
C) ​Orange juice
D) ​Cheese
E) ​Pickles

Question 43

Jennie Wilson is a 42-year-old administrative assistant who recently underwent sleeve gastrectomy surgery to treat her obesity and weight-related problems: diabetes and hypertension. Ms. Wilson will need nutrition education before being discharged from the hospital.
Once she is able to tolerate regular foods, what type of foods should Ms. Wilson be encouraged to eat before consuming other foods in a meal?​

A) ​Complex carbohydrates
B) ​High-protein foods
C) ​Low-fat foods
D) ​High-fat foods
E) ​Low-sodium foods

Question 44

Jennie Wilson is a 42-year-old administrative assistant who recently underwent sleeve gastrectomy surgery to treat her obesity and weight-related problems: diabetes and hypertension. Ms. Wilson will need nutrition education before being discharged from the hospital.
On the day following surgery, Ms. Wilson will be allowed to consume what food or fluids?​

A) ​Chicken broth
B) ​Saltine crackers
C) ​Tomato soup
D) ​Skim milk
E) ​A fruit smoothie

Question 45

M.L. is a 34-year-old male computer programmer with a BMI of 26 who is seeking dietary counseling. His dose of Prilosec was recently increased, and although he now suffers less often from heartburn symptoms, he is also leery of medical side effects and would like any and all suggestions to manage his GERD "naturally." Having had GERD for the past eight years and been on some form of antacid or antisecretory medication continuously during that time, M.L. knows what foods or factors cause symptoms, and is able to generally avoid them; hence, he has not had reflux esophagitis in over a year. A 24-hour diet history reveals M.L. ate these foods yesterday:
Breakfast: Skipped
Snack: Fresh pear; instant oatmeal made with water, eaten with brown sugar and two non-dairy creamers; skim milk
Lunch: Lean turkey lunch meat on whole-grain bread with lettuce, tomato, and mustard; 100% grape juice diluted with water; snack pack of carrots, no dressing
Snack: Sugar cookies; skim milk
Dinner: Tempura (deep-fried, breaded) salmon; buttered rice; salad with lettuce and tomato; vinegar and oil dressing; water
Snack, at bedtime: Ginger ale and ginger snap cookies
​
The medication M.L. takes is a proton-pump inhibitor medication that works by _____.​

A) ​decreasing gastric acid production
B) ​neutralizing gastric acid
C) ​coating the esophagus
D) ​preventing tissue inflammation
E) ​inhibiting the lower esophageal sphincter

Question 46

M.L. is a 34-year-old male computer programmer with a BMI of 26 who is seeking dietary counseling. His dose of Prilosec was recently increased, and although he now suffers less often from heartburn symptoms, he is also leery of medical side effects and would like any and all suggestions to manage his GERD "naturally." Having had GERD for the past eight years and been on some form of antacid or antisecretory medication continuously during that time, M.L. knows what foods or factors cause symptoms, and is able to generally avoid them; hence, he has not had reflux esophagitis in over a year. A 24-hour diet history reveals M.L. ate these foods yesterday:
Breakfast: Skipped
Snack: Fresh pear; instant oatmeal made with water, eaten with brown sugar and two non-dairy creamers; skim milk
Lunch: Lean turkey lunch meat on whole-grain bread with lettuce, tomato, and mustard; 100% grape juice diluted with water; snack pack of carrots, no dressing
Snack: Sugar cookies; skim milk
Dinner: Tempura (deep-fried, breaded) salmon; buttered rice; salad with lettuce and tomato; vinegar and oil dressing; water
Snack, at bedtime: Ginger ale and ginger snap cookies
​
The practitioner gives M.L. a checklist of lifestyle changes that can help minimize GERD symptoms. Based on the diet recall above, M.L. would benefit from education about which topic?​

A) ​Consume meals and liquids at the same time so that the stomach does not become overly distended.
B) ​Include foods that destroy gastric acid.
C) ​During periods of esophagitis, avoid foods and beverages that may irritate the esophagus.
D) ​Try eating bedtime snacks and lying down after meals.
E) ​Elevate the foot of the bed by placing blocks under the mattress.

Question 47

Dental caries are caused by _____.​

A) ​bacteria that produce acids that attack tooth enamel
B) ​excessive fluoride intake that attacks tooth enamel
C) ​high-fiber foods that cause carbohydrate to stick to teeth
D) ​excessive consumption of sugar that eats into teeth
E) ​a genetic predisposition to the breakdown of tooth enamel

Question 48

M.L. is a 34-year-old male computer programmer with a BMI of 26 who is seeking dietary counseling. His dose of Prilosec was recently increased, and although he now suffers less often from heartburn symptoms, he is also leery of medical side effects and would like any and all suggestions to manage his GERD "naturally." Having had GERD for the past eight years and been on some form of antacid or antisecretory medication continuously during that time, M.L. knows what foods or factors cause symptoms, and is able to generally avoid them; hence, he has not had reflux esophagitis in over a year. A 24-hour diet history reveals M.L. ate these foods yesterday:
Breakfast: Skipped
Snack: Fresh pear; instant oatmeal made with water, eaten with brown sugar and two non-dairy creamers; skim milk
Lunch: Lean turkey lunch meat on whole-grain bread with lettuce, tomato, and mustard; 100% grape juice diluted with water; snack pack of carrots, no dressing
Snack: Sugar cookies; skim milk
Dinner: Tempura (deep-fried, breaded) salmon; buttered rice; salad with lettuce and tomato; vinegar and oil dressing; water
Snack, at bedtime: Ginger ale and ginger snap cookies
​
M.L. should be made aware that absorption of some nutrients can be adversely affected by antacid and antisecretory medication use. An example of one of these nutrients includes _____.​

A) ​iron
B) ​magnesium
C) zinc
D) ​vitamin A
E) ​vitamin K

Question 49

The nurse is reviewing a patient's chart and notices that the patient has a history of Sjögren's syndrome. The nurse recognizes that the patient may have nutritional problems due to _____.​

A) ​low blood sugar
B) ​low blood sugar
C) ​impaired digestion
D) ​malabsorption
E) ​acid reflux

Question 50

Jennie Wilson is a 42-year-old administrative assistant who recently underwent sleeve gastrectomy surgery to treat her obesity and weight-related problems: diabetes and hypertension. Ms. Wilson will need nutrition education before being discharged from the hospital.
What best describes Ms. Wilson's procedure?​

A) ​A pouch was created by placing a band around the stomach
B) ​A piece of the stomach was removed and connected to the duodenum
C) ​A large portion of the stomach was removed, leaving a narrow tube
D) ​A pouch was created and connected to the jejunum
E) ​The stomach was removed and the esophageal sphincter was connected to the jejunum

Question 51

Jennie Wilson is a 42-year-old administrative assistant who recently underwent sleeve gastrectomy surgery to treat her obesity and weight-related problems: diabetes and hypertension. Ms. Wilson will need nutrition education before being discharged from the hospital.
What foods should Ms. Wilson be advised to avoid to prevent possible obstruction of the gastric outlet?​

A) ​Bananas
B) ​Celery
C) ​Fish
D) ​Mashed potatoes
E) ​Chicken

Question 52

To avoid dehydration, the patient who has undergone bariatric surgery should _____.​

A) ​sip water and other non-caloric beverages throughout the day
B) ​drink plenty of fluids with meals
C) ​increase intake of foods with high water content
D) ​drink sports drinks
E) ​continue with a clear liquid diet instead of advancing to regular foods

Question 53

Jennie Wilson is a 42-year-old administrative assistant who recently underwent sleeve gastrectomy surgery to treat her obesity and weight-related problems: diabetes and hypertension. Ms. Wilson will need nutrition education before being discharged from the hospital.
Due to reduced food intake and nutrient malabsorption, Ms. Wilson will likely require supplements of _____.​

A) ​vitamin B12, iron, and calcium
B) ​zinc, magnesium, and iron
C) ​vitamin B6, folate, and niacin
D) ​calcium, iron, and vitamin C
E) ​vitamin E, vitamin A, and magnesium

Question 54

What food would be most likely to contribute to dental caries?​

A) ​raw carrots
B) ​milk
C) ​dried fruit
D) ​cheese
E) ​tuna

Question 55

​The nurse is working with a client who recently suffered from a stroke. The client complains of painful swallowing, nasal regurgitation during swallowing, and coughing during meals. The nurse recognizes these as symptoms of _____.

A) ​dysphagia
B) ​dysphagia
C) ​reflux esophagitis
D) ​hiatal hernia
E) ​peptic ulcer disease

Question 56

Current research suggests that periodontal disease may increase the risk of developing _____.​

A) ​heart disease
B) ​renal failure
C) ​arthritis
D) ​dermatitis
E) ​reflux esophagitis

Question 57

What suggestion for achieving and maintaining weight loss following bariatric surgery is most appropriate?​

A) ​Understand that initial meals after surgery may only be 2-3 cups.
B) ​Consume food throughout the day instead of just at designated meal times.
C) ​Drink plenty of water and other beverages to suppress appetite.
D) ​Eat slowly and chew food thoroughly.
E) ​Avoid physical activity and get plenty of rest.

Question 58

The nurse understands that a patient with GERD will benefit from education on managing the disease. What suggestion should be included in the nurse's teaching?​

A) Avoid eating at bedtime​
B) ​Limit carbohydrate intake
C) ​Consume liquids with meals
D) ​Avoid high-impact exercise
E) ​Keep a glass of water next to the bed at night

Question 59

A nurse is working with a patient who is suffering from dysphagia. The most appropriate foods the nurse can suggest might be _____.​

A) ​dry foods, such as crackers
B) ​sticky foods, such as peanut butter
C) ​foods with mixed textures, such as casseroles
D) ​soft foods, such as mashed potatoes
E) ​thin liquids, such as fruit juice

Question 60

M.L. is a 34-year-old male computer programmer with a BMI of 26 who is seeking dietary counseling. His dose of Prilosec was recently increased, and although he now suffers less often from heartburn symptoms, he is also leery of medical side effects and would like any and all suggestions to manage his GERD "naturally." Having had GERD for the past eight years and been on some form of antacid or antisecretory medication continuously during that time, M.L. knows what foods or factors cause symptoms, and is able to generally avoid them; hence, he has not had reflux esophagitis in over a year. A 24-hour diet history reveals M.L. ate these foods yesterday:
Breakfast: Skipped
Snack: Fresh pear; instant oatmeal made with water, eaten with brown sugar and two non-dairy creamers; skim milk
Lunch: Lean turkey lunch meat on whole-grain bread with lettuce, tomato, and mustard; 100% grape juice diluted with water; snack pack of carrots, no dressing
Snack: Sugar cookies; skim milk
Dinner: Tempura (deep-fried, breaded) salmon; buttered rice; salad with lettuce and tomato; vinegar and oil dressing; water
Snack, at bedtime: Ginger ale and ginger snap cookies
​
What outcome is M.L. at highest risk for because of his GERD?​

A) ​Pernicious anemia
B) ​Atrophic gastritis
C) ​Bleeding in the small intestine
D) ​Barrett's esophagus
E) ​Osteomalacia

Question 61

Matching​
a. ​difficulty passing food through the esophagus
b. ​a condition characterized by backward flow of the stomach's acidic contents into the esophagus
c. ​inflammation in the esophagus resulting from the reflux of acidic stomach contents
d. ​an open sore in the GI mucosa
e. ​abnormally low gastric acid secretions
f. ​difficulty transferring food from the mouth and pharynx to the esophagus to initiate the swallowing process
g. ​surgery that treats severe obesity
h. ​abnormal narrowing of a passageway; often due to inflammation, scarring, or a congenital abnormality
i. ​disease that involves the connective tissues that support the teeth
j. ​inflammation of stomach tissue
k. ​mineralized dental plaque, often associated with inflammation and progressive gum disease
l. ​a film of bacteria and bacterial by-products that accumulates on the tooth surface
m. ​an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of secretory glands, resulting in dry mouth and dry eyes
n. inflammation of the gums, characterized by redness, swelling, and bleeding​
o. ​a blockage that prevents the normal emptying of stomach contents into the duodenum
p. ​excessive bacterial colonization of the stomach and small intestine
q. inflammation or degeneration of the tissues that support the teeth​
r. ​dry mouth caused by reduced salivary flow
s. ​an esophageal disorder characterized by weakened peristalsis and impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter
t. ​symptoms of pain or discomfort in the upper abdominal area, often called "indigestion"
​achalasia

Question 62

Matching​
a. ​difficulty passing food through the esophagus
b. ​a condition characterized by backward flow of the stomach's acidic contents into the esophagus
c. ​inflammation in the esophagus resulting from the reflux of acidic stomach contents
d. ​an open sore in the GI mucosa
e. ​abnormally low gastric acid secretions
f. ​difficulty transferring food from the mouth and pharynx to the esophagus to initiate the swallowing process
g. ​surgery that treats severe obesity
h. ​abnormal narrowing of a passageway; often due to inflammation, scarring, or a congenital abnormality
i. ​disease that involves the connective tissues that support the teeth
j. ​inflammation of stomach tissue
k. ​mineralized dental plaque, often associated with inflammation and progressive gum disease
l. ​a film of bacteria and bacterial by-products that accumulates on the tooth surface
m. ​an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of secretory glands, resulting in dry mouth and dry eyes
n. inflammation of the gums, characterized by redness, swelling, and bleeding​
o. ​a blockage that prevents the normal emptying of stomach contents into the duodenum
p. ​excessive bacterial colonization of the stomach and small intestine
q. inflammation or degeneration of the tissues that support the teeth​
r. ​dry mouth caused by reduced salivary flow
s. ​an esophageal disorder characterized by weakened peristalsis and impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter
t. ​symptoms of pain or discomfort in the upper abdominal area, often called "indigestion"
​gastric outlet obstruction

Question 63

Matching​
a. ​difficulty passing food through the esophagus
b. ​a condition characterized by backward flow of the stomach's acidic contents into the esophagus
c. ​inflammation in the esophagus resulting from the reflux of acidic stomach contents
d. ​an open sore in the GI mucosa
e. ​abnormally low gastric acid secretions
f. ​difficulty transferring food from the mouth and pharynx to the esophagus to initiate the swallowing process
g. ​surgery that treats severe obesity
h. ​abnormal narrowing of a passageway; often due to inflammation, scarring, or a congenital abnormality
i. ​disease that involves the connective tissues that support the teeth
j. ​inflammation of stomach tissue
k. ​mineralized dental plaque, often associated with inflammation and progressive gum disease
l. ​a film of bacteria and bacterial by-products that accumulates on the tooth surface
m. ​an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of secretory glands, resulting in dry mouth and dry eyes
n. inflammation of the gums, characterized by redness, swelling, and bleeding​
o. ​a blockage that prevents the normal emptying of stomach contents into the duodenum
p. ​excessive bacterial colonization of the stomach and small intestine
q. inflammation or degeneration of the tissues that support the teeth​
r. ​dry mouth caused by reduced salivary flow
s. ​an esophageal disorder characterized by weakened peristalsis and impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter
t. ​symptoms of pain or discomfort in the upper abdominal area, often called "indigestion"
​hypochlorhydria

Question 64

Matching​
a. ​difficulty passing food through the esophagus
b. ​a condition characterized by backward flow of the stomach's acidic contents into the esophagus
c. ​inflammation in the esophagus resulting from the reflux of acidic stomach contents
d. ​an open sore in the GI mucosa
e. ​abnormally low gastric acid secretions
f. ​difficulty transferring food from the mouth and pharynx to the esophagus to initiate the swallowing process
g. ​surgery that treats severe obesity
h. ​abnormal narrowing of a passageway; often due to inflammation, scarring, or a congenital abnormality
i. ​disease that involves the connective tissues that support the teeth
j. ​inflammation of stomach tissue
k. ​mineralized dental plaque, often associated with inflammation and progressive gum disease
l. ​a film of bacteria and bacterial by-products that accumulates on the tooth surface
m. ​an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of secretory glands, resulting in dry mouth and dry eyes
n. inflammation of the gums, characterized by redness, swelling, and bleeding​
o. ​a blockage that prevents the normal emptying of stomach contents into the duodenum
p. ​excessive bacterial colonization of the stomach and small intestine
q. inflammation or degeneration of the tissues that support the teeth​
r. ​dry mouth caused by reduced salivary flow
s. ​an esophageal disorder characterized by weakened peristalsis and impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter
t. ​symptoms of pain or discomfort in the upper abdominal area, often called "indigestion"
​oropharyngeal dysphagia

Question 65

Matching​
a. ​difficulty passing food through the esophagus
b. ​a condition characterized by backward flow of the stomach's acidic contents into the esophagus
c. ​inflammation in the esophagus resulting from the reflux of acidic stomach contents
d. ​an open sore in the GI mucosa
e. ​abnormally low gastric acid secretions
f. ​difficulty transferring food from the mouth and pharynx to the esophagus to initiate the swallowing process
g. ​surgery that treats severe obesity
h. ​abnormal narrowing of a passageway; often due to inflammation, scarring, or a congenital abnormality
i. ​disease that involves the connective tissues that support the teeth
j. ​inflammation of stomach tissue
k. ​mineralized dental plaque, often associated with inflammation and progressive gum disease
l. ​a film of bacteria and bacterial by-products that accumulates on the tooth surface
m. ​an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of secretory glands, resulting in dry mouth and dry eyes
n. inflammation of the gums, characterized by redness, swelling, and bleeding​
o. ​a blockage that prevents the normal emptying of stomach contents into the duodenum
p. ​excessive bacterial colonization of the stomach and small intestine
q. inflammation or degeneration of the tissues that support the teeth​
r. ​dry mouth caused by reduced salivary flow
s. ​an esophageal disorder characterized by weakened peristalsis and impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter
t. ​symptoms of pain or discomfort in the upper abdominal area, often called "indigestion"
​Sjögren's syndrome

Question 66

Matching​
a. ​difficulty passing food through the esophagus
b. ​a condition characterized by backward flow of the stomach's acidic contents into the esophagus
c. ​inflammation in the esophagus resulting from the reflux of acidic stomach contents
d. ​an open sore in the GI mucosa
e. ​abnormally low gastric acid secretions
f. ​difficulty transferring food from the mouth and pharynx to the esophagus to initiate the swallowing process
g. ​surgery that treats severe obesity
h. ​abnormal narrowing of a passageway; often due to inflammation, scarring, or a congenital abnormality
i. ​disease that involves the connective tissues that support the teeth
j. ​inflammation of stomach tissue
k. ​mineralized dental plaque, often associated with inflammation and progressive gum disease
l. ​a film of bacteria and bacterial by-products that accumulates on the tooth surface
m. ​an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of secretory glands, resulting in dry mouth and dry eyes
n. inflammation of the gums, characterized by redness, swelling, and bleeding​
o. ​a blockage that prevents the normal emptying of stomach contents into the duodenum
p. ​excessive bacterial colonization of the stomach and small intestine
q. inflammation or degeneration of the tissues that support the teeth​
r. ​dry mouth caused by reduced salivary flow
s. ​an esophageal disorder characterized by weakened peristalsis and impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter
t. ​symptoms of pain or discomfort in the upper abdominal area, often called "indigestion"
​gastritis

Question 67

Matching​
a. ​difficulty passing food through the esophagus
b. ​a condition characterized by backward flow of the stomach's acidic contents into the esophagus
c. ​inflammation in the esophagus resulting from the reflux of acidic stomach contents
d. ​an open sore in the GI mucosa
e. ​abnormally low gastric acid secretions
f. ​difficulty transferring food from the mouth and pharynx to the esophagus to initiate the swallowing process
g. ​surgery that treats severe obesity
h. ​abnormal narrowing of a passageway; often due to inflammation, scarring, or a congenital abnormality
i. ​disease that involves the connective tissues that support the teeth
j. ​inflammation of stomach tissue
k. ​mineralized dental plaque, often associated with inflammation and progressive gum disease
l. ​a film of bacteria and bacterial by-products that accumulates on the tooth surface
m. ​an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of secretory glands, resulting in dry mouth and dry eyes
n. inflammation of the gums, characterized by redness, swelling, and bleeding​
o. ​a blockage that prevents the normal emptying of stomach contents into the duodenum
p. ​excessive bacterial colonization of the stomach and small intestine
q. inflammation or degeneration of the tissues that support the teeth​
r. ​dry mouth caused by reduced salivary flow
s. ​an esophageal disorder characterized by weakened peristalsis and impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter
t. ​symptoms of pain or discomfort in the upper abdominal area, often called "indigestion"
​reflux esophagitis

Question 68

Following gastric resection, the nurse understands the need to limit _____ in the patient's diet.​

A) fiber​
B) ​meat
C) ​vegetables
D) ​sugar
E) ​dairy

Question 69

Matching​
a. ​difficulty passing food through the esophagus
b. ​a condition characterized by backward flow of the stomach's acidic contents into the esophagus
c. ​inflammation in the esophagus resulting from the reflux of acidic stomach contents
d. ​an open sore in the GI mucosa
e. ​abnormally low gastric acid secretions
f. ​difficulty transferring food from the mouth and pharynx to the esophagus to initiate the swallowing process
g. ​surgery that treats severe obesity
h. ​abnormal narrowing of a passageway; often due to inflammation, scarring, or a congenital abnormality
i. ​disease that involves the connective tissues that support the teeth
j. ​inflammation of stomach tissue
k. ​mineralized dental plaque, often associated with inflammation and progressive gum disease
l. ​a film of bacteria and bacterial by-products that accumulates on the tooth surface
m. ​an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of secretory glands, resulting in dry mouth and dry eyes
n. inflammation of the gums, characterized by redness, swelling, and bleeding​
o. ​a blockage that prevents the normal emptying of stomach contents into the duodenum
p. ​excessive bacterial colonization of the stomach and small intestine
q. inflammation or degeneration of the tissues that support the teeth​
r. ​dry mouth caused by reduced salivary flow
s. ​an esophageal disorder characterized by weakened peristalsis and impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter
t. ​symptoms of pain or discomfort in the upper abdominal area, often called "indigestion"
bariatric surgery

Question 70

Mr. Green uses NSAIDs regularly to control chronic pain and complains of frequent stomach pain. The nurse recognizes this as gastritis and realizes that he may be at risk for deficiencies of _____. ​

A) calcium and phosphorous​
B) ​iron and vitamin B12
C) ​sodium and potassium
D) ​vitamins C and E
E) ​magnesium and vitamin D

Question 71

Matching​
a. ​difficulty passing food through the esophagus
b. ​a condition characterized by backward flow of the stomach's acidic contents into the esophagus
c. ​inflammation in the esophagus resulting from the reflux of acidic stomach contents
d. ​an open sore in the GI mucosa
e. ​abnormally low gastric acid secretions
f. ​difficulty transferring food from the mouth and pharynx to the esophagus to initiate the swallowing process
g. ​surgery that treats severe obesity
h. ​abnormal narrowing of a passageway; often due to inflammation, scarring, or a congenital abnormality
i. ​disease that involves the connective tissues that support the teeth
j. ​inflammation of stomach tissue
k. ​mineralized dental plaque, often associated with inflammation and progressive gum disease
l. ​a film of bacteria and bacterial by-products that accumulates on the tooth surface
m. ​an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of secretory glands, resulting in dry mouth and dry eyes
n. inflammation of the gums, characterized by redness, swelling, and bleeding​
o. ​a blockage that prevents the normal emptying of stomach contents into the duodenum
p. ​excessive bacterial colonization of the stomach and small intestine
q. inflammation or degeneration of the tissues that support the teeth​
r. ​dry mouth caused by reduced salivary flow
s. ​an esophageal disorder characterized by weakened peristalsis and impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter
t. ​symptoms of pain or discomfort in the upper abdominal area, often called "indigestion"
dyspepsia

Question 72

​The nurse recognizes that a patient with peptic ulcer disease should avoid foods that may irritate the gastrointestinal lining, such as _____.

A) ​alcohol, coffee, and spicy foods
B) ​eggs, spareribs, and cheese
C) ​tea, orange juice, and potato chips
D) ​apples, broccoli, and sweet potatoes
E) ​yogurt, ice cream, and margarine

Question 73

Matching​
a. ​difficulty passing food through the esophagus
b. ​a condition characterized by backward flow of the stomach's acidic contents into the esophagus
c. ​inflammation in the esophagus resulting from the reflux of acidic stomach contents
d. ​an open sore in the GI mucosa
e. ​abnormally low gastric acid secretions
f. ​difficulty transferring food from the mouth and pharynx to the esophagus to initiate the swallowing process
g. ​surgery that treats severe obesity
h. ​abnormal narrowing of a passageway; often due to inflammation, scarring, or a congenital abnormality
i. ​disease that involves the connective tissues that support the teeth
j. ​inflammation of stomach tissue
k. ​mineralized dental plaque, often associated with inflammation and progressive gum disease
l. ​a film of bacteria and bacterial by-products that accumulates on the tooth surface
m. ​an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of secretory glands, resulting in dry mouth and dry eyes
n. inflammation of the gums, characterized by redness, swelling, and bleeding​
o. ​a blockage that prevents the normal emptying of stomach contents into the duodenum
p. ​excessive bacterial colonization of the stomach and small intestine
q. inflammation or degeneration of the tissues that support the teeth​
r. ​dry mouth caused by reduced salivary flow
s. ​an esophageal disorder characterized by weakened peristalsis and impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter
t. ​symptoms of pain or discomfort in the upper abdominal area, often called "indigestion"
​stricture

Question 74

Matching​
a. ​difficulty passing food through the esophagus
b. ​a condition characterized by backward flow of the stomach's acidic contents into the esophagus
c. ​inflammation in the esophagus resulting from the reflux of acidic stomach contents
d. ​an open sore in the GI mucosa
e. ​abnormally low gastric acid secretions
f. ​difficulty transferring food from the mouth and pharynx to the esophagus to initiate the swallowing process
g. ​surgery that treats severe obesity
h. ​abnormal narrowing of a passageway; often due to inflammation, scarring, or a congenital abnormality
i. ​disease that involves the connective tissues that support the teeth
j. ​inflammation of stomach tissue
k. ​mineralized dental plaque, often associated with inflammation and progressive gum disease
l. ​a film of bacteria and bacterial by-products that accumulates on the tooth surface
m. ​an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of secretory glands, resulting in dry mouth and dry eyes
n. inflammation of the gums, characterized by redness, swelling, and bleeding​
o. ​a blockage that prevents the normal emptying of stomach contents into the duodenum
p. ​excessive bacterial colonization of the stomach and small intestine
q. inflammation or degeneration of the tissues that support the teeth​
r. ​dry mouth caused by reduced salivary flow
s. ​an esophageal disorder characterized by weakened peristalsis and impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter
t. ​symptoms of pain or discomfort in the upper abdominal area, often called "indigestion"
​esophageal dysphagia

Question 75

The nurse is reinforcing the dietitian's instructions for a post-gastrectomy diet. The nurse realizes the client understands his diet when he states that he should _____.​

A) ​emphasize grains, fruits, and vegetables in his diet
B) ​limit the amount of sweets, such as colas, honey, and jam
C) ​eliminate meat and eggs
D) ​exclude decaffeinated coffee, tea, and artificially sweetened drinks
E) ​eliminate all dairy products

Question 76

Matching​
a. ​difficulty passing food through the esophagus
b. ​a condition characterized by backward flow of the stomach's acidic contents into the esophagus
c. ​inflammation in the esophagus resulting from the reflux of acidic stomach contents
d. ​an open sore in the GI mucosa
e. ​abnormally low gastric acid secretions
f. ​difficulty transferring food from the mouth and pharynx to the esophagus to initiate the swallowing process
g. ​surgery that treats severe obesity
h. ​abnormal narrowing of a passageway; often due to inflammation, scarring, or a congenital abnormality
i. ​disease that involves the connective tissues that support the teeth
j. ​inflammation of stomach tissue
k. ​mineralized dental plaque, often associated with inflammation and progressive gum disease
l. ​a film of bacteria and bacterial by-products that accumulates on the tooth surface
m. ​an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of secretory glands, resulting in dry mouth and dry eyes
n. inflammation of the gums, characterized by redness, swelling, and bleeding​
o. ​a blockage that prevents the normal emptying of stomach contents into the duodenum
p. ​excessive bacterial colonization of the stomach and small intestine
q. inflammation or degeneration of the tissues that support the teeth​
r. ​dry mouth caused by reduced salivary flow
s. ​an esophageal disorder characterized by weakened peristalsis and impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter
t. ​symptoms of pain or discomfort in the upper abdominal area, often called "indigestion"
​peptic ulcer

Question 77

Matching​
a. ​difficulty passing food through the esophagus
b. ​a condition characterized by backward flow of the stomach's acidic contents into the esophagus
c. ​inflammation in the esophagus resulting from the reflux of acidic stomach contents
d. ​an open sore in the GI mucosa
e. ​abnormally low gastric acid secretions
f. ​difficulty transferring food from the mouth and pharynx to the esophagus to initiate the swallowing process
g. ​surgery that treats severe obesity
h. ​abnormal narrowing of a passageway; often due to inflammation, scarring, or a congenital abnormality
i. ​disease that involves the connective tissues that support the teeth
j. ​inflammation of stomach tissue
k. ​mineralized dental plaque, often associated with inflammation and progressive gum disease
l. ​a film of bacteria and bacterial by-products that accumulates on the tooth surface
m. ​an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of secretory glands, resulting in dry mouth and dry eyes
n. inflammation of the gums, characterized by redness, swelling, and bleeding​
o. ​a blockage that prevents the normal emptying of stomach contents into the duodenum
p. ​excessive bacterial colonization of the stomach and small intestine
q. inflammation or degeneration of the tissues that support the teeth​
r. ​dry mouth caused by reduced salivary flow
s. ​an esophageal disorder characterized by weakened peristalsis and impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter
t. ​symptoms of pain or discomfort in the upper abdominal area, often called "indigestion"
​gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Question 78

A patient experiences nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, diarrhea, and lightheadedness after meals following gastric bypass surgery. The nurse recognizes these as symptoms of _____. ​

A) ​malabsorption
B) ​high blood sugar
C) ​gastroesophageal reflux
D) ​Sjögren's syndrome
E) ​dumping syndrome

Question 79

Matching​
a. ​difficulty passing food through the esophagus
b. ​a condition characterized by backward flow of the stomach's acidic contents into the esophagus
c. ​inflammation in the esophagus resulting from the reflux of acidic stomach contents
d. ​an open sore in the GI mucosa
e. ​abnormally low gastric acid secretions
f. ​difficulty transferring food from the mouth and pharynx to the esophagus to initiate the swallowing process
g. ​surgery that treats severe obesity
h. ​abnormal narrowing of a passageway; often due to inflammation, scarring, or a congenital abnormality
i. ​disease that involves the connective tissues that support the teeth
j. ​inflammation of stomach tissue
k. ​mineralized dental plaque, often associated with inflammation and progressive gum disease
l. ​a film of bacteria and bacterial by-products that accumulates on the tooth surface
m. ​an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of secretory glands, resulting in dry mouth and dry eyes
n. inflammation of the gums, characterized by redness, swelling, and bleeding​
o. ​a blockage that prevents the normal emptying of stomach contents into the duodenum
p. ​excessive bacterial colonization of the stomach and small intestine
q. inflammation or degeneration of the tissues that support the teeth​
r. ​dry mouth caused by reduced salivary flow
s. ​an esophageal disorder characterized by weakened peristalsis and impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter
t. ​symptoms of pain or discomfort in the upper abdominal area, often called "indigestion"
​bacterial overgrowth

Question 80

Matching​
a. ​difficulty passing food through the esophagus
b. ​a condition characterized by backward flow of the stomach's acidic contents into the esophagus
c. ​inflammation in the esophagus resulting from the reflux of acidic stomach contents
d. ​an open sore in the GI mucosa
e. ​abnormally low gastric acid secretions
f. ​difficulty transferring food from the mouth and pharynx to the esophagus to initiate the swallowing process
g. ​surgery that treats severe obesity
h. ​abnormal narrowing of a passageway; often due to inflammation, scarring, or a congenital abnormality
i. ​disease that involves the connective tissues that support the teeth
j. ​inflammation of stomach tissue
k. ​mineralized dental plaque, often associated with inflammation and progressive gum disease
l. ​a film of bacteria and bacterial by-products that accumulates on the tooth surface
m. ​an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of secretory glands, resulting in dry mouth and dry eyes
n. inflammation of the gums, characterized by redness, swelling, and bleeding​
o. ​a blockage that prevents the normal emptying of stomach contents into the duodenum
p. ​excessive bacterial colonization of the stomach and small intestine
q. inflammation or degeneration of the tissues that support the teeth​
r. ​dry mouth caused by reduced salivary flow
s. ​an esophageal disorder characterized by weakened peristalsis and impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter
t. ​symptoms of pain or discomfort in the upper abdominal area, often called "indigestion"
​xerostomia