Deck 18: Nutrition and Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Question 1

Billy consumed the following foods at lunch: A hamburger with lettuce, tomato, and catsup on a bun; broccoli salad, potato chips, and a glass of iced tea. Later that afternoon Billy began to experience intestinal gas. Which food was most likely responsible for the gas production?​

A) ​Hamburger meat
B) Tomato
C) ​Broccoli salad
D) Iced tea
E) ​Potato chips

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Psyllium may be helpful in the treatment of diarrhea because it reduces the liquidity of the stool.​

Answer 2

False

Question 3

What negative effects have been shown to be associated with stimulant laxatives?​

A) ​Fluid and electrolyte imbalances
B) ​Anemia
C) ​Increased appetite
D) ​Hyperglycemia
E) ​Rectal bleeding

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Daily exercise has been proven to cure constipation by stimulating peristalsis.
​

Question 5

What describes a potential cause of osmotic diarrhea?​

A) ​Foodborne illness
B) ​Intestinal inflammation
C) ​Irritating chemicals
D) ​High fructose intake
E) ​Accelerated colonic transit

Question 6

Acute pancreatitis can result from high blood triglycerides.

Question 7

Commercial sports drinks are not recommended for the treatment of severe diarrhea because they are too _____.​

A) expensive​
B) ​high in sodium
C) ​low in potassium
D) ​high in sugar
E) ​low in sodium

Question 8

What bulk-forming agent may actually cause an allergic reaction?​

A) ​Methylcellulose
B) Psyllium
C) ​Polycarbophil
D) ​Malt soup extract
E) ​Magnesium citrate

Question 9

MCT oil does not require bile for digestion and absorption.​

Question 10

A side effect of consuming a high-fiber diet is _____.​

A) ​flatulence
B) ​watery stools
C) ​bacterial overgrowth
D) ​constipation
E) ​hemorrhoids

Question 11

What beverage would most likely produce intestinal gas?​

A) A sports drink​
B) ​Tea
C) Diet soda
D) ​Coffee
E) ​Water

Question 12

What food would be best tolerated by a patient suffering from diarrhea?​

A) Green beans
B) ​Ice cream
C) ​Coffee
D) ​Chicken
E) ​Artichokes

Question 13

What situation best describes a potential cause of constipation?​

A) ​A high-fiber diet
B) ​Lactase deficiency
C) ​Inadequate fluid intake
D) ​A viral infection
E) ​Foodborne illness

Question 14

Celiac disease is characterized by an abnormal immune response to certain amino acids.​

Question 15

Foods useful for increasing dietary fiber include _____.​

A) ​bran, milk, and mashed potatoes
B) ​peanut butter, oranges, and strawberry jam
C) ​saltine crackers, watermelon, and eggs
D) ​whole-grain bread, dried beans, and nuts
E) ​ground beef, sweet potatoes, and ice cream

Question 16

Irritable bowel syndrome occurs more frequently in men than in women and episodes of acute symptoms often increase with age.​

Question 17

A high-fiber diet increases stool weight and fecal water content.​

Question 18

Many lactose-intolerant individuals can tolerate up to 2 cups of milk a day when intake is divided throughout the day and taken with food.​

Question 19

A colostomy involves removal of the entire colon.​

Question 20

The client with a colostomy or ileostomy should have a diet that is restricted in fluids.​

Question 21

Patients with celiac disease must avoid foods that contain _____.​

A) ​iron
B) ​protein
C) ​​gluten
D) sugar
E) ​trans fats

Question 22

In which ethnic group is lactose intolerance most prevalent?​

A) ​Arab Americans
B) Asians
C) ​Australians
D) Caucasians
E) ​Pacific Islanders

Question 23

One of the most common causes of acute pancreatitis is _____.​

A) ​high LDL levels
B) ​exposure to toxins
C) ​alcohol abuse
D) ​diabetes
E) ​smoking

Question 24

​Aggressive dietary management of Crohn's disease is required in children because this disorder can lead to _____.

A) ​growth failure
B) ​a shortened lifespan
C) ​behavioral problems
D) ​impaired glucose tolerance
E) ​learning disabilities

Question 25

Generally, up to _____% of the small intestine can be resected without serious nutritional consequences.​

A) ​25
B) ​30
C) ​45
D) ​50
E) ​75

Question 26

Beyond complications associated with lung tissue, the pancreas, and sweat glands in the patient with cystic fibrosis, which complication has also been associated with cystic fibrosis?​

A) ​Decreased fertility
B) ​Cardiac arrhythmias
C) ​Elevated blood glucose levels
D) ​Poor wound healing
E) ​Vision loss

Question 27

Bacterial overgrowth in the stomach and small intestine can result in _____. ​

A) ​a deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins
B) ​weight gain
C) ​vitamin B6 deficiency
D) ​abnormal glucose tolerance
E) ​loss of bone density

Question 28

Most cases of Crohn's disease affect which part of the gastrointestinal tract?​

A) ​The esophagus
B) ​The lower esophageal sphincter
C) ​The stomach
D) ​The duodenum
E) ​The ileum

Question 29

Malabsorption of some minerals, including _____ often occurs because the minerals form soaps with the unabsorbed fatty acids.​

A) iron and selenium
B) ​chloride and manganese
C) ​calcium and magnesium
D) phosphorous and vitamin B6
E) ​vitamins A and K

Question 30

The initial treatment for acute pancreatitis includes _____. ​

A) ​providing vitamin D supplementation
B) ​increasing insulin production
C) ​stimulating the pancreas
D) ​reducing hydrochloric acid in stomach
E) ​administering intravenous hydration

Question 31

Celiac disease affects intestinal tissue and results in _____.​

A) ​reduction in mucosal surface area
B) ​ulceration, irritation, and bleeding
C) ​cessation of the production of digestive enzymes
D) ​bacterial overgrowth
E) ​acid reflux from the stomach to the esophagus

Question 32

What best describes the protein needs of a patient with chronic pancreatitis?​

A) ​0.4-0.8 g/kg of body weight per day
B) ​0.8-1.0 g/kg of body weight per day
C) ​1.0-1.5 g/kg of body weight per day
D) ​1.5-1.8 g/kg of body weight per day
E) ​1.8-2.0 g/kg of body weight per day

Question 33

Which condition is most likely associated with fat malabsorption in the gastrointestinal tract?​

A) Acute pancreatitis
B) Celiac disease
C) Gall stones
D) ​Constipation
E) ​Peptic ulcer disease

Question 34

What food component could be included in a gluten-free diet?​

A) wheat​
B) rice
C) ​barley
D) rye
E) ​triticale

Question 35

A patient who takes pancreatic enzyme replacements is at risk of what type of gastrointestinal side effects?​

A) ​Abdominal bloating
B) Rectal bleeding
C) ​Flatulence
D) ​Constipation
E) Heartburn​

Question 36

A patient with bacterial overgrowth in the gastrointestinal tract would most likely be treated with which type of medication?​

A) ​Proton pump inhibitors
B) ​Antimicrobials
C) Antidiarrheals
D) ​H2 receptor antagonists
E) Antacids

Question 37

With early detection and advances in medical treatment of cystic fibrosis, the median life span for patients with this condition has reached nearly _____ years of age.​

A) 20​
B) ​35
C) 40
D) ​45
E) ​55

Question 38

Mr. Taylor seeks medical treatment for frequent, urgent bowel movements streaked with mucus and blood, and tests reveal a large, continuous area of inflammation affecting the first two layers of tissue in his rectum. What is Mr. Taylor's likely diagnosis?​

A) ​Crohn's disease
B) ulcerative colitis
C) ​celiac disease
D) ​irritable bowel syndrome
E) ​short bowel syndrome

Question 39

What foods would have the least detrimental effects when consumed by a patient with steatorrhea?​

A) Bacon and eggs​
B) ​Vitamin D milk and ice cream
C) ​Pancakes and granola
D) ​Ground beef and au gratin potatoes
E) ​Graham crackers and diet soda

Question 40

In cases of mild-to-moderate pancreatitis, the patient should receive what diet order until he is pain free and experiences no nausea or vomiting?​

A) ​clear liquids
B) ​a fat-controlled diet
C) ​nothing by mouth
D) ​a regular diet
E) ​a low-sodium diet

Question 41

A potential treatment for irritable bowel syndrome that is still under investigation is use of _____.​

A) ​arachidonic acid
B) ​peppermint oil
C) ​omega-6-fatty acids
D) ​MCT oil
E) ​hydrolyzed formula

Question 42

What situation is most commonly associated with development of diverticular disease?​

A) Bacterial infection​
B) ​Bacterial infection
C) ​Constipation
D) ​Lactose intolerance
E) ​Pregnancy

Question 43

Diverticulitis is thought to occur in up to _____ percent of individuals with diverticulosis.​

A) ​10
B) ​18
C) ​25
D) ​35
E) ​48

Question 44

Kelly is a 27-year-old Caucasian who works as a bank teller. She is 5'3" tall and weighs 102 pounds. She began experiencing recurrent gastrointestinal disturbances such as diarrhea, steatorrhea, and flatulence several months ago. She made an appointment with her physician after noticing that she was losing weight. Laboratory tests confirmed a diagnosis of celiac disease.
Kelly should be instructed to avoid _____ until her intestine has recovered. ​

A) sodium
B) fat
C) lactose
D) ​fructose
E) protein

Question 45

Kelly is a 27-year-old Caucasian who works as a bank teller. She is 5'3" tall and weighs 102 pounds. She began experiencing recurrent gastrointestinal disturbances such as diarrhea, steatorrhea, and flatulence several months ago. She made an appointment with her physician after noticing that she was losing weight. Laboratory tests confirmed a diagnosis of celiac disease.
What does Kelly need to understand about the role of oats in her diet?​

A) ​She should purchase only uncontaminated oats and consume limited quantities.
B) ​She should not consume oats in any form.
C) ​She should limit her consumption of oats to 1 cup of dry rolled oats per day.
D) ​She will need to learn how to prepare oats correctly for consumption.
E) ​She is free to consume oats since they do not contain gluten.

Question 46

The absorption of vitamins and minerals begins in the _____.​

A) stomach
B) ​duodenum
C) ​jejunum
D) ​ileum
E) ​colon

Question 47

their nutrition care.
Medical History: A.R. is a healthy 51-year old premenopausal Caucasian woman with pallor who is employed full-time in an office job. She had a pancreatic cyst removed six years ago. She was asymptomatic until one year ago when she developed acute pancreatitis flare-ups after consuming fatty foods. The condition was attributed to scarring at the pancreatic duct, which secretes pancreatic lipase, and was accompanied by severe abdominal pain radiating to her back, vomiting, and steatorrhea. She was placed on oral pancreatic lipase enzyme tablets (Pancrease™) that digest fat, and was also prescribed to follow a "low-fat diet." The medication and diet help to reduce her symptoms, and she notes that flare-ups generally only occur when she eats too much fat.
Anthropometric: Ht: 5'2. Wt: 156 lbs. Wt 1 yr ago: 199 lbs. Frame size: Medium.
Clinical/Labs: A.R.'s serum vitamin D was low (20 ng/mL; normal is 25-80 ng/mL), but all other labs were within normal limits when she last visited her internal medicine physician several months ago. She was placed on a 5,000-IU vitamin D supplement, to be reduced to a 2,000-IU vitamin D supplement thereafter; she takes no other vitamins or minerals. Other medications include Synthroid and Aygestin.
Current Chief Complaints: A.R.'s current problems include constipation and dry skin.
Diet: "My usual grocery list consists of boneless chicken breasts, turkey, pork chops (infrequently), strip steak (infrequently), 90/10 ground beef, pasta (half whole-wheat, half regular), tomatoes and sauce to make pasta sauce, 90 percent fat-free lunch meat ham or turkey, brown rice, steamable microwave vegetables, red and green lettuce, tomatoes, onions, cereal, blueberries if on sale, apples, tangerines, red licorice, bread, crackers, and canned soup. I am concerned about not having enough protein or iron because I am afraid to eat very much red meat. The foods I miss the most include iced tea, which I skip because of caffeine-I am getting bored with water. I like to bake and I miss baked goods, and I also miss cheese-I am afraid it is too high in fat. I have a hard time figuring out what to pack for lunch. The restaurants I go to if I do go out are Chick-Fil-A, Panera, Viva, a local diner, and an Italian restaurant. I like Italian and Mexican food. Usually if I do eat out it is for lunch but it is sometimes hard to figure out something safe to eat..." Dairy foods: Twice a day, drinks 2 8-oz glasses of 1% milk. Fruits: 1 cup per day. ​
In which way would A.R. benefit from using medium-chain triglycerides?​

A) ​As a source of essential fatty acids
B) ​As a primary source of energy
C) ​To add flavor to foods
D) ​As a method of weight control
E) ​To keep foods palatable and soft

Question 48

Steatorrhea is classified as a type of _____ diarrhea.​

A) ​motility disorder-related
B) ​osmotic
C) ​secretory
D) ​intractable
E) ​absorptive

Question 49

their nutrition care.
Medical History: A.R. is a healthy 51-year old premenopausal Caucasian woman with pallor who is employed full-time in an office job. She had a pancreatic cyst removed six years ago. She was asymptomatic until one year ago when she developed acute pancreatitis flare-ups after consuming fatty foods. The condition was attributed to scarring at the pancreatic duct, which secretes pancreatic lipase, and was accompanied by severe abdominal pain radiating to her back, vomiting, and steatorrhea. She was placed on oral pancreatic lipase enzyme tablets (Pancrease™) that digest fat, and was also prescribed to follow a "low-fat diet." The medication and diet help to reduce her symptoms, and she notes that flare-ups generally only occur when she eats too much fat.
Anthropometric: Ht: 5'2. Wt: 156 lbs. Wt 1 yr ago: 199 lbs. Frame size: Medium.
Clinical/Labs: A.R.'s serum vitamin D was low (20 ng/mL; normal is 25-80 ng/mL), but all other labs were within normal limits when she last visited her internal medicine physician several months ago. She was placed on a 5,000-IU vitamin D supplement, to be reduced to a 2,000-IU vitamin D supplement thereafter; she takes no other vitamins or minerals. Other medications include Synthroid and Aygestin.
Current Chief Complaints: A.R.'s current problems include constipation and dry skin.
Diet: "My usual grocery list consists of boneless chicken breasts, turkey, pork chops (infrequently), strip steak (infrequently), 90/10 ground beef, pasta (half whole-wheat, half regular), tomatoes and sauce to make pasta sauce, 90 percent fat-free lunch meat ham or turkey, brown rice, steamable microwave vegetables, red and green lettuce, tomatoes, onions, cereal, blueberries if on sale, apples, tangerines, red licorice, bread, crackers, and canned soup. I am concerned about not having enough protein or iron because I am afraid to eat very much red meat. The foods I miss the most include iced tea, which I skip because of caffeine-I am getting bored with water. I like to bake and I miss baked goods, and I also miss cheese-I am afraid it is too high in fat. I have a hard time figuring out what to pack for lunch. The restaurants I go to if I do go out are Chick-Fil-A, Panera, Viva, a local diner, and an Italian restaurant. I like Italian and Mexican food. Usually if I do eat out it is for lunch but it is sometimes hard to figure out something safe to eat..." Dairy foods: Twice a day, drinks 2 8-oz glasses of 1% milk. Fruits: 1 cup per day. ​
A.R.'s steatorrhea can be evaluated by placing her on a high-fat diet, performing a 48- to 72-hour stool collection, and _____.​

A) ​checking her cholesterol levels
B) ​measuring the stool's fat content
C) ​evaluating the pH of a urine sample
D) ​measuring the protein content of the stool sample
E) ​measuring her body weight

Question 50

​A patient with an ileostomy should be counseled to avoid ____ to best prevent an obstruction at the stoma site.

A) coconut
B) dried beans
C) rice
D) ​eggs
E) corn

Question 51

Kelly is a 27-year-old Caucasian who works as a bank teller. She is 5'3" tall and weighs 102 pounds. She began experiencing recurrent gastrointestinal disturbances such as diarrhea, steatorrhea, and flatulence several months ago. She made an appointment with her physician after noticing that she was losing weight. Laboratory tests confirmed a diagnosis of celiac disease.
If Kelly does not eliminate gluten from her diet, she could likely experience which complication?​

A) type 2 diabetes
B) infertility
C) ​kidney disease
D) hypertension
E) leukemia

Question 52

A patient with an ostomy is concerned about excessive odor from his stoma. He should be advised to avoid what food?​

A) Yogurt
B) ​Brussels sprouts
C) ​Cranberry juice
D) ​Buttermilk
E) ​Buttermilk

Question 53

their nutrition care.
Medical History: A.R. is a healthy 51-year old premenopausal Caucasian woman with pallor who is employed full-time in an office job. She had a pancreatic cyst removed six years ago. She was asymptomatic until one year ago when she developed acute pancreatitis flare-ups after consuming fatty foods. The condition was attributed to scarring at the pancreatic duct, which secretes pancreatic lipase, and was accompanied by severe abdominal pain radiating to her back, vomiting, and steatorrhea. She was placed on oral pancreatic lipase enzyme tablets (Pancrease™) that digest fat, and was also prescribed to follow a "low-fat diet." The medication and diet help to reduce her symptoms, and she notes that flare-ups generally only occur when she eats too much fat.
Anthropometric: Ht: 5'2. Wt: 156 lbs. Wt 1 yr ago: 199 lbs. Frame size: Medium.
Clinical/Labs: A.R.'s serum vitamin D was low (20 ng/mL; normal is 25-80 ng/mL), but all other labs were within normal limits when she last visited her internal medicine physician several months ago. She was placed on a 5,000-IU vitamin D supplement, to be reduced to a 2,000-IU vitamin D supplement thereafter; she takes no other vitamins or minerals. Other medications include Synthroid and Aygestin.
Current Chief Complaints: A.R.'s current problems include constipation and dry skin.
Diet: "My usual grocery list consists of boneless chicken breasts, turkey, pork chops (infrequently), strip steak (infrequently), 90/10 ground beef, pasta (half whole-wheat, half regular), tomatoes and sauce to make pasta sauce, 90 percent fat-free lunch meat ham or turkey, brown rice, steamable microwave vegetables, red and green lettuce, tomatoes, onions, cereal, blueberries if on sale, apples, tangerines, red licorice, bread, crackers, and canned soup. I am concerned about not having enough protein or iron because I am afraid to eat very much red meat. The foods I miss the most include iced tea, which I skip because of caffeine-I am getting bored with water. I like to bake and I miss baked goods, and I also miss cheese-I am afraid it is too high in fat. I have a hard time figuring out what to pack for lunch. The restaurants I go to if I do go out are Chick-Fil-A, Panera, Viva, a local diner, and an Italian restaurant. I like Italian and Mexican food. Usually if I do eat out it is for lunch but it is sometimes hard to figure out something safe to eat..." Dairy foods: Twice a day, drinks 2 8-oz glasses of 1% milk. Fruits: 1 cup per day. ​
To follow a fat-restricted diet, A.R. should _____.​

A) choose vegetable oils instead of solid fats​
B) ​use only medium-chain triglyceride oil to fry foods
C) ​consume no more than a 6-ounce portion of meat at one sitting
D) ​limit fats and oils to 8 teaspoons per day
E) ​choose foods that have less than 5 grams of fat per serving

Question 54

their nutrition care.
Medical History: A.R. is a healthy 51-year old premenopausal Caucasian woman with pallor who is employed full-time in an office job. She had a pancreatic cyst removed six years ago. She was asymptomatic until one year ago when she developed acute pancreatitis flare-ups after consuming fatty foods. The condition was attributed to scarring at the pancreatic duct, which secretes pancreatic lipase, and was accompanied by severe abdominal pain radiating to her back, vomiting, and steatorrhea. She was placed on oral pancreatic lipase enzyme tablets (Pancrease™) that digest fat, and was also prescribed to follow a "low-fat diet." The medication and diet help to reduce her symptoms, and she notes that flare-ups generally only occur when she eats too much fat.
Anthropometric: Ht: 5'2. Wt: 156 lbs. Wt 1 yr ago: 199 lbs. Frame size: Medium.
Clinical/Labs: A.R.'s serum vitamin D was low (20 ng/mL; normal is 25-80 ng/mL), but all other labs were within normal limits when she last visited her internal medicine physician several months ago. She was placed on a 5,000-IU vitamin D supplement, to be reduced to a 2,000-IU vitamin D supplement thereafter; she takes no other vitamins or minerals. Other medications include Synthroid and Aygestin.
Current Chief Complaints: A.R.'s current problems include constipation and dry skin.
Diet: "My usual grocery list consists of boneless chicken breasts, turkey, pork chops (infrequently), strip steak (infrequently), 90/10 ground beef, pasta (half whole-wheat, half regular), tomatoes and sauce to make pasta sauce, 90 percent fat-free lunch meat ham or turkey, brown rice, steamable microwave vegetables, red and green lettuce, tomatoes, onions, cereal, blueberries if on sale, apples, tangerines, red licorice, bread, crackers, and canned soup. I am concerned about not having enough protein or iron because I am afraid to eat very much red meat. The foods I miss the most include iced tea, which I skip because of caffeine-I am getting bored with water. I like to bake and I miss baked goods, and I also miss cheese-I am afraid it is too high in fat. I have a hard time figuring out what to pack for lunch. The restaurants I go to if I do go out are Chick-Fil-A, Panera, Viva, a local diner, and an Italian restaurant. I like Italian and Mexican food. Usually if I do eat out it is for lunch but it is sometimes hard to figure out something safe to eat..." Dairy foods: Twice a day, drinks 2 8-oz glasses of 1% milk. Fruits: 1 cup per day. ​
A.R.'s doctor recommends that she take a multivitamin-mineral supplement because _____.​

A) pancreatic enzyme replacements can decrease the absorption of iron​
B) ​steatorrhea can promote the loss of excess fluid
C) ​A.R. is at higher risk of weight gain
D) ​she may develop kidney stones
E) ​steatorrhea damages the gastrointestinal tract

Question 55

After intestinal resection, the absorptive efficiency of the intestine is improved through _____.​

A) ​intestinal adaptation
B) ​enzyme replacement therapy
C) ​following a high-fiber diet
D) ​further surgery
E) ​iron supplementation

Question 56

Non-digestible substances in foods that stimulate the growth of nonpathogenic bacteria within the large intestine are called _____.​

A) probiotics
B) ​probiotics
C) ​intestinal flora
D) ​pathogenic bacteria
E) ​subdominant bacteria

Question 57

A person with _____ typically experiences an excessive colonic response to meals, gastrointestinal hormones, and stress.​

A) ​celiac disease
B) ​short bowel syndrome
C) ​Crohn's disease
D) ​irritable bowel syndrome
E) ​ulcerative colitis

Question 58

To help control diarrhea, a patient with an ostomy should consume _____.​

A) applesauce
B) caffeine
C) ​sugar-free candy
D) ​grapes
E) ​milk

Question 59

Kelly is a 27-year-old Caucasian who works as a bank teller. She is 5'3" tall and weighs 102 pounds. She began experiencing recurrent gastrointestinal disturbances such as diarrhea, steatorrhea, and flatulence several months ago. She made an appointment with her physician after noticing that she was losing weight. Laboratory tests confirmed a diagnosis of celiac disease.
The gastrointestinal symptoms Kelly is experiencing are due to _____.​

A) ​severe damage to the intestinal mucosa and subsequent malabsorption
B) ​a lack of pancreatic enzymes and resulting malabsorption
C) ​gastrointestinal obstructions caused by the secretion of thick mucus
D) ​bacterial overgrowth causing a disruption in fat digestion and absorption
E) reduced transit and subsequent food breakdown in the large intestine​

Question 60

Kelly is a 27-year-old Caucasian who works as a bank teller. She is 5'3" tall and weighs 102 pounds. She began experiencing recurrent gastrointestinal disturbances such as diarrhea, steatorrhea, and flatulence several months ago. She made an appointment with her physician after noticing that she was losing weight. Laboratory tests confirmed a diagnosis of celiac disease.
Kelly will require nutrition education aimed at eliminating gluten from her diet. The dietitian will teach Kelly to _____​

A) ​avoid all cereal and grain products
B) ​substitute whole-wheat flour for enriched wheat flour when cooking
C) ​check ingredient lists on food labels carefully
D) ​avoid all milk and milk products
E) ​consume only the foods she has prepared herself

Question 61

​Matching
a. physiological changes in the small intestine that increase its absorptive capacity after resection​
b. ​excessive bacterial colonization of the stomach and small intestine
c. ​a family of water-insoluble proteins in wheat
d. ​medications or enzyme preparations that are coated to withstand stomach acidity
e. ​the condition of having excessive intestinal gas, which causes abdominal discomfort
f. ​the surgical removal of part of an organ or body structure
g. ​a gluten-sensitive disorder characterized by a severe skin rash
h. ​bypassed sections of small intestine that are cut off from the normal flow of food material, allowing bacteria to flourish
i. ​a surgically created opening in a body tissue or organ
j. ​a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal chloride and sodium levels in exocrine secretions
k. ​a surgical passage through the abdominal wall into the ileum
l. ​removal of a portion or all of the colon
m. ​inflammation or infection involving diverticula
n. ​chemical compounds formed from fatty acids and positively charged minerals
o. ​an immune disorder characterized by an abnormal immune response to wheat gluten and related proteins
​bacterial overgrowth

Question 62

​Matching
a. physiological changes in the small intestine that increase its absorptive capacity after resection​
b. ​excessive bacterial colonization of the stomach and small intestine
c. ​a family of water-insoluble proteins in wheat
d. ​medications or enzyme preparations that are coated to withstand stomach acidity
e. ​the condition of having excessive intestinal gas, which causes abdominal discomfort
f. ​the surgical removal of part of an organ or body structure
g. ​a gluten-sensitive disorder characterized by a severe skin rash
h. ​bypassed sections of small intestine that are cut off from the normal flow of food material, allowing bacteria to flourish
i. ​a surgically created opening in a body tissue or organ
j. ​a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal chloride and sodium levels in exocrine secretions
k. ​a surgical passage through the abdominal wall into the ileum
l. ​removal of a portion or all of the colon
m. ​inflammation or infection involving diverticula
n. ​chemical compounds formed from fatty acids and positively charged minerals
o. ​an immune disorder characterized by an abnormal immune response to wheat gluten and related proteins
​flatulence

Question 63

Which food contains the most probiotics?​

A) chicory root
B) ​acidophilus milk
C) ​pickles
D) ​bananas
E) ​sauerkraut

Question 64

​Matching
a. physiological changes in the small intestine that increase its absorptive capacity after resection​
b. ​excessive bacterial colonization of the stomach and small intestine
c. ​a family of water-insoluble proteins in wheat
d. ​medications or enzyme preparations that are coated to withstand stomach acidity
e. ​the condition of having excessive intestinal gas, which causes abdominal discomfort
f. ​the surgical removal of part of an organ or body structure
g. ​a gluten-sensitive disorder characterized by a severe skin rash
h. ​bypassed sections of small intestine that are cut off from the normal flow of food material, allowing bacteria to flourish
i. ​a surgically created opening in a body tissue or organ
j. ​a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal chloride and sodium levels in exocrine secretions
k. ​a surgical passage through the abdominal wall into the ileum
l. ​removal of a portion or all of the colon
m. ​inflammation or infection involving diverticula
n. ​chemical compounds formed from fatty acids and positively charged minerals
o. ​an immune disorder characterized by an abnormal immune response to wheat gluten and related proteins
​enteric coated

Question 65

​Matching
a. physiological changes in the small intestine that increase its absorptive capacity after resection​
b. ​excessive bacterial colonization of the stomach and small intestine
c. ​a family of water-insoluble proteins in wheat
d. ​medications or enzyme preparations that are coated to withstand stomach acidity
e. ​the condition of having excessive intestinal gas, which causes abdominal discomfort
f. ​the surgical removal of part of an organ or body structure
g. ​a gluten-sensitive disorder characterized by a severe skin rash
h. ​bypassed sections of small intestine that are cut off from the normal flow of food material, allowing bacteria to flourish
i. ​a surgically created opening in a body tissue or organ
j. ​a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal chloride and sodium levels in exocrine secretions
k. ​a surgical passage through the abdominal wall into the ileum
l. ​removal of a portion or all of the colon
m. ​inflammation or infection involving diverticula
n. ​chemical compounds formed from fatty acids and positively charged minerals
o. ​an immune disorder characterized by an abnormal immune response to wheat gluten and related proteins
cystic fibrosis

Question 66

The nurse is planning for the nutritional needs of a patient with acute pancreatitis accompanied by pain and nausea. The nurse understands that initially _____. ​

A) ​all oral fluids and food should be withheld
B) ​the patient can have liquids only
C) ​tube feeding with an elemental formula should begin immediately
D) ​TPN should be started immediately
E) the patient should have a regular, fat-restricted diet​

Question 67

Mrs. Hernandez, a 59-year-old female, has been experiencing diarrhea and increased intestinal gas after drinking milk. She is diagnosed with lactose intolerance and subsequently worried about her bone health if she cannot drink milk. The nurse reassures her that she may still be able to tolerate some dairy foods and consume adequate calcium by what means?​

A) ​Eating ice cream
B) ​Consuming yogurt with live bacterial cultures
C) ​Dividing her milk intake into three 2-cup portions per day
D) ​Consuming processed cheeses
E) ​Drinking 2% milk instead of 1% milk

Question 68

​Matching
a. physiological changes in the small intestine that increase its absorptive capacity after resection​
b. ​excessive bacterial colonization of the stomach and small intestine
c. ​a family of water-insoluble proteins in wheat
d. ​medications or enzyme preparations that are coated to withstand stomach acidity
e. ​the condition of having excessive intestinal gas, which causes abdominal discomfort
f. ​the surgical removal of part of an organ or body structure
g. ​a gluten-sensitive disorder characterized by a severe skin rash
h. ​bypassed sections of small intestine that are cut off from the normal flow of food material, allowing bacteria to flourish
i. ​a surgically created opening in a body tissue or organ
j. ​a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal chloride and sodium levels in exocrine secretions
k. ​a surgical passage through the abdominal wall into the ileum
l. ​removal of a portion or all of the colon
m. ​inflammation or infection involving diverticula
n. ​chemical compounds formed from fatty acids and positively charged minerals
o. ​an immune disorder characterized by an abnormal immune response to wheat gluten and related proteins
​blind loops

Question 69

​Matching
a. physiological changes in the small intestine that increase its absorptive capacity after resection​
b. ​excessive bacterial colonization of the stomach and small intestine
c. ​a family of water-insoluble proteins in wheat
d. ​medications or enzyme preparations that are coated to withstand stomach acidity
e. ​the condition of having excessive intestinal gas, which causes abdominal discomfort
f. ​the surgical removal of part of an organ or body structure
g. ​a gluten-sensitive disorder characterized by a severe skin rash
h. ​bypassed sections of small intestine that are cut off from the normal flow of food material, allowing bacteria to flourish
i. ​a surgically created opening in a body tissue or organ
j. ​a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal chloride and sodium levels in exocrine secretions
k. ​a surgical passage through the abdominal wall into the ileum
l. ​removal of a portion or all of the colon
m. ​inflammation or infection involving diverticula
n. ​chemical compounds formed from fatty acids and positively charged minerals
o. ​an immune disorder characterized by an abnormal immune response to wheat gluten and related proteins
celiac disease

Question 70

Much of the research investigating probiotics and intestinal illness has focused on the prevention and treatment of _____.​

A) irritable bowel syndrome​
B) ​diverticular disease
C) ​infectious diarrhea
D) ​Crohn's disease
E) ​peptic ulcer disease

Question 71

To be considered "probiotic," bacteria must meet what criteria?​

A) ​They must be nonpathogenic when consumed
B) ​They must be consumed in small amounts
C) ​They must colonize the intestine
D) ​They must produce gas as a by-product of their activity
E) ​They must be compatible with vitamin D

Question 72

​Matching
a. physiological changes in the small intestine that increase its absorptive capacity after resection​
b. ​excessive bacterial colonization of the stomach and small intestine
c. ​a family of water-insoluble proteins in wheat
d. ​medications or enzyme preparations that are coated to withstand stomach acidity
e. ​the condition of having excessive intestinal gas, which causes abdominal discomfort
f. ​the surgical removal of part of an organ or body structure
g. ​a gluten-sensitive disorder characterized by a severe skin rash
h. ​bypassed sections of small intestine that are cut off from the normal flow of food material, allowing bacteria to flourish
i. ​a surgically created opening in a body tissue or organ
j. ​a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal chloride and sodium levels in exocrine secretions
k. ​a surgical passage through the abdominal wall into the ileum
l. ​removal of a portion or all of the colon
m. ​inflammation or infection involving diverticula
n. ​chemical compounds formed from fatty acids and positively charged minerals
o. ​an immune disorder characterized by an abnormal immune response to wheat gluten and related proteins
​colectomy

Question 73

​Matching
a. physiological changes in the small intestine that increase its absorptive capacity after resection​
b. ​excessive bacterial colonization of the stomach and small intestine
c. ​a family of water-insoluble proteins in wheat
d. ​medications or enzyme preparations that are coated to withstand stomach acidity
e. ​the condition of having excessive intestinal gas, which causes abdominal discomfort
f. ​the surgical removal of part of an organ or body structure
g. ​a gluten-sensitive disorder characterized by a severe skin rash
h. ​bypassed sections of small intestine that are cut off from the normal flow of food material, allowing bacteria to flourish
i. ​a surgically created opening in a body tissue or organ
j. ​a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal chloride and sodium levels in exocrine secretions
k. ​a surgical passage through the abdominal wall into the ileum
l. ​removal of a portion or all of the colon
m. ​inflammation or infection involving diverticula
n. ​chemical compounds formed from fatty acids and positively charged minerals
o. ​an immune disorder characterized by an abnormal immune response to wheat gluten and related proteins
​dermatitis herpetiformis

Question 74

Which food would the nurse include in a diet plan for a patient with celiac disease?​

A) ​Rye bread
B) ​Scrambled eggs
C) ​Whole-wheat toast
D) ​Scalloped potatoes
E) ​Pancakes

Question 75

​Matching
a. physiological changes in the small intestine that increase its absorptive capacity after resection​
b. ​excessive bacterial colonization of the stomach and small intestine
c. ​a family of water-insoluble proteins in wheat
d. ​medications or enzyme preparations that are coated to withstand stomach acidity
e. ​the condition of having excessive intestinal gas, which causes abdominal discomfort
f. ​the surgical removal of part of an organ or body structure
g. ​a gluten-sensitive disorder characterized by a severe skin rash
h. ​bypassed sections of small intestine that are cut off from the normal flow of food material, allowing bacteria to flourish
i. ​a surgically created opening in a body tissue or organ
j. ​a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal chloride and sodium levels in exocrine secretions
k. ​a surgical passage through the abdominal wall into the ileum
l. ​removal of a portion or all of the colon
m. ​inflammation or infection involving diverticula
n. ​chemical compounds formed from fatty acids and positively charged minerals
o. ​an immune disorder characterized by an abnormal immune response to wheat gluten and related proteins
​gluten

Question 76

Sarah is a 21-year-old college student who has been diagnosed with Crohn's disease. She is underweight and has a poor appetite. Realizing that Sarah is at nutritional risk, the nurse advises that Sarah _____.​

A) ​consume an oral nutrition supplement two to three times a day
B) ​increase the fiber in her diet
C) ​increase her intake of milk to four cups a day
D) ​eat more high-fat foods
E) ​begin tube feedings to supplement her diet

Question 77

​Matching
a. physiological changes in the small intestine that increase its absorptive capacity after resection​
b. ​excessive bacterial colonization of the stomach and small intestine
c. ​a family of water-insoluble proteins in wheat
d. ​medications or enzyme preparations that are coated to withstand stomach acidity
e. ​the condition of having excessive intestinal gas, which causes abdominal discomfort
f. ​the surgical removal of part of an organ or body structure
g. ​a gluten-sensitive disorder characterized by a severe skin rash
h. ​bypassed sections of small intestine that are cut off from the normal flow of food material, allowing bacteria to flourish
i. ​a surgically created opening in a body tissue or organ
j. ​a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal chloride and sodium levels in exocrine secretions
k. ​a surgical passage through the abdominal wall into the ileum
l. ​removal of a portion or all of the colon
m. ​inflammation or infection involving diverticula
n. ​chemical compounds formed from fatty acids and positively charged minerals
o. ​an immune disorder characterized by an abnormal immune response to wheat gluten and related proteins
soaps

Question 78

Mrs. Burgess is a 67-year-old female who was recently diagnosed with depression and prescribed a tricyclic antidepressant drug. In addition, she is on medication for high blood pressure and high cholesterol and takes a calcium supplement. She phones her physician's office complaining of problems with constipation. The nurse suspects that the problems may be due to _____.​

A) depression
B) age
C) ​medications
D) ​high blood pressure
E) ​high cholesterol

Question 79

​Matching
a. physiological changes in the small intestine that increase its absorptive capacity after resection​
b. ​excessive bacterial colonization of the stomach and small intestine
c. ​a family of water-insoluble proteins in wheat
d. ​medications or enzyme preparations that are coated to withstand stomach acidity
e. ​the condition of having excessive intestinal gas, which causes abdominal discomfort
f. ​the surgical removal of part of an organ or body structure
g. ​a gluten-sensitive disorder characterized by a severe skin rash
h. ​bypassed sections of small intestine that are cut off from the normal flow of food material, allowing bacteria to flourish
i. ​a surgically created opening in a body tissue or organ
j. ​a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal chloride and sodium levels in exocrine secretions
k. ​a surgical passage through the abdominal wall into the ileum
l. ​removal of a portion or all of the colon
m. ​inflammation or infection involving diverticula
n. ​chemical compounds formed from fatty acids and positively charged minerals
o. ​an immune disorder characterized by an abnormal immune response to wheat gluten and related proteins
resection

Question 80

For which of the following people might heavy probiotics consumption be unsafe?​

A) ​Teresa, who has IBS
B) ​Bobbie, who is lactose intolerant
C) ​Tim, who has AIDS
D) ​Bill, who drinks alcohol daily
E) ​Katie, who suffers from constipation