Deck 23: Nutrition - Cancer - and HIV Infection

Question 1

Most often, cancer is caused by interactions between a person's genes and environmental agents.​

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The medication megestrol acetate can improve appetite and increase weight in HIV patients.​

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Recurrent bacterial pneumonia is classified as an AIDS-defining illness.​

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Research indicates that high-fat diets often correlate with cancer rates; thus, low-fat diets can reduce the risk of developing cancer.​

Question 5

A durable power of attorney indicates one's preference for medical treatment in the event of incapacitation.​

Question 6

​A cancer that arises from muscle or bone is referred to as a(n) _____.

A) sarcoma​
B) ​adenoma
C) ​carcinoma
D) ​melanoma
E) ​adenocarcinoma

Question 7

Nutrition-related factors may increase or decrease the risk of developing cancer.​

Question 8

Increased intake of processed meats has been associated with which type of cancer?​

A) ​Stomach
B) ​Liver
C) ​Prostate
D) ​Gall bladder
E) ​Rectum

Question 9

What factor has been associated with a high incidence of stomach cancer?​

A) ​Alcohol
B) ​Abdominal fat
C) ​Intake of salt-preserved foods
D) ​Increased calcium intake
E) ​Red meat intake

Question 10

Herpes simplex is a fungal infection of the mouth and throat that often occurs in patients with HIV.​

Question 11

Untreated HIV infection can increase a person's susceptibility to opportunistic infections such as Kaposi's sarcoma.​

Question 12

Because of the availability of advance directives, over 80 percent of people in the United States have completed one.​

Question 13

Most cancer patients abandon conventional treatments and use alternative therapies in the place of conventional therapies.​

Question 14

Laws regarding advance directives are standardized from state to state.​

Question 15

Obese women have a higher risk of breast cancer than lean women because _____.​

A) ​excess adipose tissue raises levels of estrogen in the body
B) ​obese women eat high-fat diets
C) ​lean women exercise more
D) ​obese women often go through menopause earlier than lean women
E) ​lean women have higher estrogen levels after menopause

Question 16

Cancer cachexia affects almost all cancer patients.​

Question 17

Inflammation of the mouth that is caused by exposure to radiation is called radiation enteritis.​

Question 18

Consumption of _____ may actually decrease the risk of prostate cancer.​

A) ​milk and dairy products
B) ​tomato products
C) ​citrus fruits
D) ​whole grains
E) ​folate-containing foods

Question 19

A copy of any advance directive should be part of a client's medical record.​

Question 20

Patients have a right to refuse medical treatment-including nourishment and hydration-even if refusing the treatment could result in death.​

Question 21

Leukemia is a type of cancer affecting the _____, where the abnormal cells do not form a tumor; they accumulate in the blood and other tissues.​

A) ​plasma
B) ​lymph nodes
C) ​white blood cells
D) ​platelets
E) ​red blood cells

Question 22

The reason for the development of lipodystrophy in HIV treatment is _____.​

A) ​malnutrition
B) ​overeating
C) ​hormone imbalances
D) ​hypertriglyceridemia
E) ​unknown

Question 23

What food preparation method is most likely to produce carcinogens that could cause cancer?​

A) ​Using a microwave
B) ​Boiling vegetables
C) ​Canning fruits
D) ​Frying fish
E) ​Sautéing vegetables

Question 24

The structure of methotrexate, a drug used to treat cancer, resembles that of _____.​

A) ​vitamin C
B) ​vitamin E
C) ​folate
D) ​pyridoxine
E) ​thiamin

Question 25

Common oral infections associated with HIV infection that may cause discomfort and interfere with food consumption include candidiasis and _____.​

A) ​herpes simplex virus infection
B) ​tooth abscesses
C) ​canker sores
D) ​gingivostomatitis
E) ​Porphyromonas gingivalis infection

Question 26

One of the most frequently used CAM therapies among cancer patients is _____.​

A) ​massage therapy
B) ​acupuncture
C) ​reflexology
D) ​aromatherapy
E) ​herbal supplements

Question 27

Cancer cachexia is characterized by _____.​

A) ​anorexia
B) ​weight gain
C) ​slowed metabolism
D) ​increased appetite
E) ​elevated muscle activity

Question 28

The progression of HIV can be evaluated by monitoring _____.​

A) ​the viral load
B) ​serum albumin levels
C) ​weight
D) ​body composition
E) ​red blood cell counts

Question 29

In HIV patients, thrush typically causes what symptoms?​

A) ​Diarrhea
B) ​Mouth pain
C) ​Lesions around the lips
D) ​Acid reflux
E) ​Increased mucus secretions

Question 30

To improve energy intake and compensate for weight loss during cancer treatment, clients should be encouraged to _____.​

A) ​use fats liberally
B) ​eat extra food immediately after treatment
C) ​avoid sugar substitutes
D) ​eat more vegetables and fruits
E) ​chew food slowly before swallowing

Question 31

Weight gain most often occurs in patients with cancer of the _____.​

A) ​colon
B) ​breast
C) ​stomach
D) ​pancreas
E) ​liver

Question 32

In order to increase caloric intake, an individual with cancer could substitute _____ for the milk normally used in recipes.​

A) ​Lactaid milk
B) ​Chicken broth
C) ​Fat-free evaporated milk
D) ​Half-and-half
E) ​Powdered milk

Question 33

Which type of drug would most likely be co-administered with chemotherapy?​

A) ​Appetite stimulants
B) ​Antivirals
C) ​Antiemetics
D) ​Anabolic steroids
E) ​Antibiotics

Question 34

What action can a cancer patient include to add protein to a meal?​

A) ​Choose high-fat meat instead of lean meat.
B) ​Include chopped vegetables in salads and casseroles.
C) ​Melt cheese over eggs, vegetable dishes, and meatloaf.
D) ​Add diced fruit to baked goods.
E) ​Include mayonnaise or salad dressing with side dishes.

Question 35

What side effect is most often associated with gastric resection surgery for cancer treatment?​

A) ​Reduced swallowing ability
B) ​Dumping syndrome
C) ​Bile insufficiency
D) ​Acid reflux
E) ​General malabsorption

Question 36

What metabolic abnormality is most often associated with cancer?​

A) ​Decreased protein turnover
B) ​Decreased carbon fixation
C) ​Elevated protein synthesis
D) ​Increased build up of triglycerides
E) ​Increased insulin resistance

Question 37

A patient who is undergoing chemotherapy has developed sores in his mouth, which makes it difficult for him to eat. What suggestion would most likely help this patient handle this problem?​

A) ​Serve food steaming hot and drink hot liquids.
B) ​Take larger bites of foods and chew thoroughly.
C) ​Avoid irritating foods such as citrus fruits or tomato juice.
D) ​Drink liquids directly from a cup and avoid a straw.
E) ​Eat a piece of peppermint candy before consuming a meal.

Question 38

A cancer patient complains that foods just don't taste right. An appropriate recommendation to help the patient handle this problem is to _____.​

A) ​consume smaller meals
B) ​cut foods into smaller pieces
C) ​brush the teeth or use mouthwash before eating
D) ​include appetite-enhancing medications
E) ​take small bites and chew foods thoroughly

Question 39

The drug dronabinol is sometimes used with cancer patients to _____.​

A) ​prevent constipation
B) ​shrink tumors
C) ​stimulate appetite
D) ​combat diarrhea
E) ​increase lean body mass

Question 40

What type of cancer would most likely produce complications that would require tube feeding as a corrective dietary measure?

A) ​Breast cancer
B) ​Head and neck cancer
C) ​Bone cancer
D) ​Skin cancer
E) ​Liver cancer

Question 41

Hannah Arther is a 53-year-old marketing executive who was recently diagnosed with uterine cancer. She had a complete hysterectomy and is currently undergoing radiation therapy. She is experiencing nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea as well as anorexia.
​The primary focus of nutrition care for Ms. Arther is _____.

A) ​educating her on ways to prevent the recurrence of cancer
B) ​understanding how to administer tube feedings
C) ​ensuring that she uses herbal supplements
D) ​preventing iron-deficiency anemia
E) ​ensuring appropriate intakes of calories and protein

Question 42

Hannah Arther is a 53-year-old marketing executive who was recently diagnosed with uterine cancer. She had a complete hysterectomy and is currently undergoing radiation therapy. She is experiencing nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea as well as anorexia.
Ms. Arther enjoys pudding and is able to tolerate it pretty well. To increase her caloric intake, she should use _____ while preparing her pudding.​

A) ​half-and-half
B) ​sour cream
C) ​2% milk
D) ​powdered milk
E) ​vitamin D milk

Question 43

What drug, when combined with resistance training, has positive effects on lean tissue mass in HIV patients?​

A) ​Megestrol acetate
B) ​Dronabinol
C) ​Testosterone
D) ​Maraviroc
E) ​Cortisol

Question 44

Clinical features of neurological complications associated with HIV infection include mild to severe dementia and ____.​

A) ​seizures
B) ​facial twitching
C) ​gait disturbances
D) ​headaches
E) ​loss of sense of smell

Question 45

The standard treatment for suppressing HIV infection _____.​

A) ​consists of a combination of at least 3 antiretroviral drugs
B) ​usually involves surgical procedures
C) ​has few adverse effects
D) ​can be completed over the course of several months
E) ​is not available for most people with HIV in the United States

Question 46

​Mrs. Watson is a 55-year-old female with a family history of breast cancer. To reduce Mrs. Watson's risk of breast cancer, the nurse advises her to _____.

A) ​avoid alcohol and maintain a healthy weight
B) ​take a calcium supplement daily
C) ​eat less red meat
D) ​drink a glass of red wine with dinner
E) ​increase her intake of vegetables and dairy

Question 47

Hannah Arther is a 53-year-old marketing executive who was recently diagnosed with uterine cancer. She had a complete hysterectomy and is currently undergoing radiation therapy. She is experiencing nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea as well as anorexia.
​Ms. Arther complains that she is too tired to fix meals and eat. What would be an appropriate recommendation for her?

A) ​Engage in regular physical activity.
B) ​Use mouthwash before eating.
C) ​Obtain foods that are easy to prepare and easy to eat.
D) ​Consume liquids throughout the day instead.
E) ​Experiment with seasonings to improve the flavor of food.

Question 48

What legal document allows a competent adult to clearly express directions regarding medical treatment in the event that the person is unable to make the necessary decisions at that time?​

A) ​Living trust
B) ​Power of attorney
C) ​Living will
D) ​Durable medical record
E) ​Care plan

Question 49

Hannah Arther is a 53-year-old marketing executive who was recently diagnosed with uterine cancer. She had a complete hysterectomy and is currently undergoing radiation therapy. She is experiencing nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea as well as anorexia.
The symptoms that Ms. Arther is experiencing are consistent with _____.​

A) ​radiation enteritis
B) ​tissue rejection
C) ​steatorrhea
D) ​lipodystrophy
E) ​negative nitrogen balance

Question 50

Cancer patients exhibit an increased rate of protein turnover. The nurse understands that this means patients _____.​

A) ​may have a difficult time maintaining a healthy body weight
B) ​require less protein in their dietsc
C) ​should increase their intake of fats
D) ​may experience early satiety
E) ​often suffer from constipation

Question 51

An individual who does not wish to receive CPR if she has a heart attack in the hospital should request a(n) _____.​

A) ​DNR order
B) ​living will
C) ​power of attorney
D) ​disclosure document
E) ​informed consent

Question 52

What drug is an example of a protease inhibitor used in the management of HIV infection?​

A) ​Enfuvirtide
B) ​Ritonavir
C) ​Efavirenz
D) ​Lamivudine
E) ​Didanosine

Question 53

​Disclosure refers to _____.

A) ​the act of performing beneficial services rather than harmful ones
B) ​a comparison of the potential benefits and harm of any treatment
C) ​a patient's right to life-sustaining treatments
D) ​the ability to understand pertinent information and make appropriate decisions
E) ​a patient's right to be fully informed of a treatment's benefits and risks in a fair and honest manner

Question 54

​The nurse understands that methotrexate is a chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of cancer and that it can cause a patient to become deficient in _____.

A) ​essential fatty acids
B) ​folate
C) ​vitamin B12
D) ​calcium
E) ​sodium

Question 55

Hannah Arther is a 53-year-old marketing executive who was recently diagnosed with uterine cancer. She had a complete hysterectomy and is currently undergoing radiation therapy. She is experiencing nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea as well as anorexia.
​Because of her symptoms, Ms. Arther is at risk for what complication?

A) ​A fistula
B) ​Fluid and electrolyte imbalances
C) ​Intestinal obstruction
D) ​Dysphagia
E) ​Hemorrhage

Question 56

A durable power of attorney is used to _____.​

A) ​state the patient's wishes about treatments he does or does not want at the end of life
B) ​appoint a health care agent for the patient
C) ​withhold CPR in the event of cardiopulmonary arrest
D) ​allow a physician to write a DNR order
E) ​determine the decision-making capacity of the patient

Question 57

​A rare type of cancer frequently associated with HIV infection is _____.

A) ​Kaposi's sarcoma
B) ​Merkel cell carcinoma
C) ​chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
D) ​gastrinoma
E) ​insulinoma

Question 58

​The nurse is working with a client admitted to the hospital with complaints of loss of appetite and weight loss. An assessment of the client also reveals depletion of lean body mass and serum protein. The nurse accurately recognizes these as characteristics of ______.

A) ​tissue rejection
B) ​human immunodeficiency virus
C) ​thrush
D) ​cancer cachexia
E) ​bile insufficiency

Question 59

A patient's right to make decisions concerning his or her own well-being is called _____.​

A) ​patient autonomy
B) ​informed consent
C) ​beneficence
D) ​distributive justice​
E) ​maleficence

Question 60

Hannah Arther is a 53-year-old marketing executive who was recently diagnosed with uterine cancer. She had a complete hysterectomy and is currently undergoing radiation therapy. She is experiencing nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea as well as anorexia.
In order to increase Ms. Arther's energy intake, she should include _____ freely in her diet.​

A) ​cut-up fruits
B) ​mayonnaise
C) ​steamed vegetables
D) ​salt
E) ​low-fat dairy

Question 61

Matching​
a. ​infections caused by microorganisms that normally do not cause disease in healthy people but are damaging to persons with compromised immune function
b. ​the accumulation of fatty tissue at the base of the neck
c. ​lymphocytes that have a specific protein called CD4 on their surfaces
d. ​signaling proteins produced by the body's cells
e. ​a condition in which the immune cells in transplanted tissue attack recipient cells, leading to widespread tissue damage
f. ​a type of cancer arising from plasma cells in the bone marrow
g. ​destruction of donor tissue by the recipient's immune system, which recognizes the donor cells as foreign
h. ​a fungal infection on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and elsewhere
i. ​to spread from one part of the body to another; refers to cancer cells
j. ​a person given legal authority to make medical decisions for another in the event of incapacitation
k. ​describes a cancerous cell or tumor, which can injure healthy tissue and spread cancer to other regions of the body
l. ​the act of performing beneficial services rather than harmful ones
m. ​the continuous degradation and synthesis of the body's proteins
n. ​in accordance with accepted principles of right and wrong
o. ​a type of cancer that arises from epithelial tissues
p. ​benign tumors composed of fatty tissue
q. ​the use of X-rays, gamma rays, or atomic particles to destroy cancer cells
r. ​an abnormal tissue mass that has no physiological function
opportunistic infections

Question 62

Matching​
a. ​infections caused by microorganisms that normally do not cause disease in healthy people but are damaging to persons with compromised immune function
b. ​the accumulation of fatty tissue at the base of the neck
c. ​lymphocytes that have a specific protein called CD4 on their surfaces
d. ​signaling proteins produced by the body's cells
e. ​a condition in which the immune cells in transplanted tissue attack recipient cells, leading to widespread tissue damage
f. ​a type of cancer arising from plasma cells in the bone marrow
g. ​destruction of donor tissue by the recipient's immune system, which recognizes the donor cells as foreign
h. ​a fungal infection on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and elsewhere
i. ​to spread from one part of the body to another; refers to cancer cells
j. ​a person given legal authority to make medical decisions for another in the event of incapacitation
k. ​describes a cancerous cell or tumor, which can injure healthy tissue and spread cancer to other regions of the body
l. ​the act of performing beneficial services rather than harmful ones
m. ​the continuous degradation and synthesis of the body's proteins
n. ​in accordance with accepted principles of right and wrong
o. ​a type of cancer that arises from epithelial tissues
p. ​benign tumors composed of fatty tissue
q. ​the use of X-rays, gamma rays, or atomic particles to destroy cancer cells
r. ​an abnormal tissue mass that has no physiological function
cytokines​

Question 63

​For a patient with chronic radiation enteritis, the nurse recognizes that the best form of nutrition support is _____.

A) ​an oral liquid supplement
B) ​enteral nutrition
C) ​parenteral nutrition
D) ​a pureed diet
E) ​vitamin supplements

Question 64

Matching​
a. ​infections caused by microorganisms that normally do not cause disease in healthy people but are damaging to persons with compromised immune function
b. ​the accumulation of fatty tissue at the base of the neck
c. ​lymphocytes that have a specific protein called CD4 on their surfaces
d. ​signaling proteins produced by the body's cells
e. ​a condition in which the immune cells in transplanted tissue attack recipient cells, leading to widespread tissue damage
f. ​a type of cancer arising from plasma cells in the bone marrow
g. ​destruction of donor tissue by the recipient's immune system, which recognizes the donor cells as foreign
h. ​a fungal infection on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and elsewhere
i. ​to spread from one part of the body to another; refers to cancer cells
j. ​a person given legal authority to make medical decisions for another in the event of incapacitation
k. ​describes a cancerous cell or tumor, which can injure healthy tissue and spread cancer to other regions of the body
l. ​the act of performing beneficial services rather than harmful ones
m. ​the continuous degradation and synthesis of the body's proteins
n. ​in accordance with accepted principles of right and wrong
o. ​a type of cancer that arises from epithelial tissues
p. ​benign tumors composed of fatty tissue
q. ​the use of X-rays, gamma rays, or atomic particles to destroy cancer cells
r. ​an abnormal tissue mass that has no physiological function
carcinoma​

Question 65

An HIV patient develops metabolic complications resulting in insulin resistance and an abnormal lipid profile. The nurse recommends which nutrition intervention?​

A) ​"Avoid fatty fish."
B) ​"Replace whole milk dairy products with low- or nonfat dairy products."
C) ​"Drink three glasses of grapefruit juice per day."
D) ​"Use margarine instead of butter."
E) ​"Substitute water or fruit juice instead of dairy products in your diet."

Question 66

Matching​
a. ​infections caused by microorganisms that normally do not cause disease in healthy people but are damaging to persons with compromised immune function
b. ​the accumulation of fatty tissue at the base of the neck
c. ​lymphocytes that have a specific protein called CD4 on their surfaces
d. ​signaling proteins produced by the body's cells
e. ​a condition in which the immune cells in transplanted tissue attack recipient cells, leading to widespread tissue damage
f. ​a type of cancer arising from plasma cells in the bone marrow
g. ​destruction of donor tissue by the recipient's immune system, which recognizes the donor cells as foreign
h. ​a fungal infection on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and elsewhere
i. ​to spread from one part of the body to another; refers to cancer cells
j. ​a person given legal authority to make medical decisions for another in the event of incapacitation
k. ​describes a cancerous cell or tumor, which can injure healthy tissue and spread cancer to other regions of the body
l. ​the act of performing beneficial services rather than harmful ones
m. ​the continuous degradation and synthesis of the body's proteins
n. ​in accordance with accepted principles of right and wrong
o. ​a type of cancer that arises from epithelial tissues
p. ​benign tumors composed of fatty tissue
q. ​the use of X-rays, gamma rays, or atomic particles to destroy cancer cells
r. ​an abnormal tissue mass that has no physiological function
candidiasis

Question 67

Matching​
a. ​infections caused by microorganisms that normally do not cause disease in healthy people but are damaging to persons with compromised immune function
b. ​the accumulation of fatty tissue at the base of the neck
c. ​lymphocytes that have a specific protein called CD4 on their surfaces
d. ​signaling proteins produced by the body's cells
e. ​a condition in which the immune cells in transplanted tissue attack recipient cells, leading to widespread tissue damage
f. ​a type of cancer arising from plasma cells in the bone marrow
g. ​destruction of donor tissue by the recipient's immune system, which recognizes the donor cells as foreign
h. ​a fungal infection on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and elsewhere
i. ​to spread from one part of the body to another; refers to cancer cells
j. ​a person given legal authority to make medical decisions for another in the event of incapacitation
k. ​describes a cancerous cell or tumor, which can injure healthy tissue and spread cancer to other regions of the body
l. ​the act of performing beneficial services rather than harmful ones
m. ​the continuous degradation and synthesis of the body's proteins
n. ​in accordance with accepted principles of right and wrong
o. ​a type of cancer that arises from epithelial tissues
p. ​benign tumors composed of fatty tissue
q. ​the use of X-rays, gamma rays, or atomic particles to destroy cancer cells
r. ​an abnormal tissue mass that has no physiological function
​myeloma

Question 68

Mrs. Dwyer is a 48-year-old patient who is undergoing radiation therapy for uterine cancer. She complains of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, and has experienced significant weight loss. The nurse recognizes that the likely cause of Mrs. Dwyer's symptoms is _____.​

A) ​tissue rejection
B) ​radiation enteritis
C) ​steatorrhea
D) ​mental stress
E) ​inadequate gastric secretions

Question 69

What nutrition intervention is most appropriate for a patient who complains that food doesn't taste right?​

A) ​"Try microwaving foods instead of cooking on the stove."
B) ​"Let family members prepare food for you."
C) ​"Avoid foods with strong odors."
D) ​"Talk a walk before you eat."
E) ​"Consume foods chilled or at room temperature."

Question 70

Matching​
a. ​infections caused by microorganisms that normally do not cause disease in healthy people but are damaging to persons with compromised immune function
b. ​the accumulation of fatty tissue at the base of the neck
c. ​lymphocytes that have a specific protein called CD4 on their surfaces
d. ​signaling proteins produced by the body's cells
e. ​a condition in which the immune cells in transplanted tissue attack recipient cells, leading to widespread tissue damage
f. ​a type of cancer arising from plasma cells in the bone marrow
g. ​destruction of donor tissue by the recipient's immune system, which recognizes the donor cells as foreign
h. ​a fungal infection on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and elsewhere
i. ​to spread from one part of the body to another; refers to cancer cells
j. ​a person given legal authority to make medical decisions for another in the event of incapacitation
k. ​describes a cancerous cell or tumor, which can injure healthy tissue and spread cancer to other regions of the body
l. ​the act of performing beneficial services rather than harmful ones
m. ​the continuous degradation and synthesis of the body's proteins
n. ​in accordance with accepted principles of right and wrong
o. ​a type of cancer that arises from epithelial tissues
p. ​benign tumors composed of fatty tissue
q. ​the use of X-rays, gamma rays, or atomic particles to destroy cancer cells
r. ​an abnormal tissue mass that has no physiological function
radiation therapy​

Question 71

Matching​
a. ​infections caused by microorganisms that normally do not cause disease in healthy people but are damaging to persons with compromised immune function
b. ​the accumulation of fatty tissue at the base of the neck
c. ​lymphocytes that have a specific protein called CD4 on their surfaces
d. ​signaling proteins produced by the body's cells
e. ​a condition in which the immune cells in transplanted tissue attack recipient cells, leading to widespread tissue damage
f. ​a type of cancer arising from plasma cells in the bone marrow
g. ​destruction of donor tissue by the recipient's immune system, which recognizes the donor cells as foreign
h. ​a fungal infection on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and elsewhere
i. ​to spread from one part of the body to another; refers to cancer cells
j. ​a person given legal authority to make medical decisions for another in the event of incapacitation
k. ​describes a cancerous cell or tumor, which can injure healthy tissue and spread cancer to other regions of the body
l. ​the act of performing beneficial services rather than harmful ones
m. ​the continuous degradation and synthesis of the body's proteins
n. ​in accordance with accepted principles of right and wrong
o. ​a type of cancer that arises from epithelial tissues
p. ​benign tumors composed of fatty tissue
q. ​the use of X-rays, gamma rays, or atomic particles to destroy cancer cells
r. ​an abnormal tissue mass that has no physiological function
protein turnover​

Question 72

Matching​
a. ​infections caused by microorganisms that normally do not cause disease in healthy people but are damaging to persons with compromised immune function
b. ​the accumulation of fatty tissue at the base of the neck
c. ​lymphocytes that have a specific protein called CD4 on their surfaces
d. ​signaling proteins produced by the body's cells
e. ​a condition in which the immune cells in transplanted tissue attack recipient cells, leading to widespread tissue damage
f. ​a type of cancer arising from plasma cells in the bone marrow
g. ​destruction of donor tissue by the recipient's immune system, which recognizes the donor cells as foreign
h. ​a fungal infection on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and elsewhere
i. ​to spread from one part of the body to another; refers to cancer cells
j. ​a person given legal authority to make medical decisions for another in the event of incapacitation
k. ​describes a cancerous cell or tumor, which can injure healthy tissue and spread cancer to other regions of the body
l. ​the act of performing beneficial services rather than harmful ones
m. ​the continuous degradation and synthesis of the body's proteins
n. ​in accordance with accepted principles of right and wrong
o. ​a type of cancer that arises from epithelial tissues
p. ​benign tumors composed of fatty tissue
q. ​the use of X-rays, gamma rays, or atomic particles to destroy cancer cells
r. ​an abnormal tissue mass that has no physiological function
metastasize​

Question 73

Bobby is a 25-year-old client with HIV infection who is experiencing weight loss and a loss of lean body mass. He currently weighs 160 pounds. The nurse suggests that his diet includes at least _____ grams of protein per day.​

A) ​37
B) ​58
C) ​87
D) ​112
E) ​165

Question 74

Matching​
a. ​infections caused by microorganisms that normally do not cause disease in healthy people but are damaging to persons with compromised immune function
b. ​the accumulation of fatty tissue at the base of the neck
c. ​lymphocytes that have a specific protein called CD4 on their surfaces
d. ​signaling proteins produced by the body's cells
e. ​a condition in which the immune cells in transplanted tissue attack recipient cells, leading to widespread tissue damage
f. ​a type of cancer arising from plasma cells in the bone marrow
g. ​destruction of donor tissue by the recipient's immune system, which recognizes the donor cells as foreign
h. ​a fungal infection on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and elsewhere
i. ​to spread from one part of the body to another; refers to cancer cells
j. ​a person given legal authority to make medical decisions for another in the event of incapacitation
k. ​describes a cancerous cell or tumor, which can injure healthy tissue and spread cancer to other regions of the body
l. ​the act of performing beneficial services rather than harmful ones
m. ​the continuous degradation and synthesis of the body's proteins
n. ​in accordance with accepted principles of right and wrong
o. ​a type of cancer that arises from epithelial tissues
p. ​benign tumors composed of fatty tissue
q. ​the use of X-rays, gamma rays, or atomic particles to destroy cancer cells
r. ​an abnormal tissue mass that has no physiological function
​helper T cells

Question 75

A patient with HIV is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of dehydration. The patient complains of chronic diarrhea. The nurse notes a 15-pound weight loss over a 4-week period. The most likely explanation for the patient's condition is _____.​

A) ​AIDS enteropathy
B) ​candidiasis
C) ​herpes simplex virus
D) ​insulin resistance

Question 76

Matching​
a. ​infections caused by microorganisms that normally do not cause disease in healthy people but are damaging to persons with compromised immune function
b. ​the accumulation of fatty tissue at the base of the neck
c. ​lymphocytes that have a specific protein called CD4 on their surfaces
d. ​signaling proteins produced by the body's cells
e. ​a condition in which the immune cells in transplanted tissue attack recipient cells, leading to widespread tissue damage
f. ​a type of cancer arising from plasma cells in the bone marrow
g. ​destruction of donor tissue by the recipient's immune system, which recognizes the donor cells as foreign
h. ​a fungal infection on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and elsewhere
i. ​to spread from one part of the body to another; refers to cancer cells
j. ​a person given legal authority to make medical decisions for another in the event of incapacitation
k. ​describes a cancerous cell or tumor, which can injure healthy tissue and spread cancer to other regions of the body
l. ​the act of performing beneficial services rather than harmful ones
m. ​the continuous degradation and synthesis of the body's proteins
n. ​in accordance with accepted principles of right and wrong
o. ​a type of cancer that arises from epithelial tissues
p. ​benign tumors composed of fatty tissue
q. ​the use of X-rays, gamma rays, or atomic particles to destroy cancer cells
r. ​an abnormal tissue mass that has no physiological function
malignant​

Question 77

Matching​
a. ​infections caused by microorganisms that normally do not cause disease in healthy people but are damaging to persons with compromised immune function
b. ​the accumulation of fatty tissue at the base of the neck
c. ​lymphocytes that have a specific protein called CD4 on their surfaces
d. ​signaling proteins produced by the body's cells
e. ​a condition in which the immune cells in transplanted tissue attack recipient cells, leading to widespread tissue damage
f. ​a type of cancer arising from plasma cells in the bone marrow
g. ​destruction of donor tissue by the recipient's immune system, which recognizes the donor cells as foreign
h. ​a fungal infection on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and elsewhere
i. ​to spread from one part of the body to another; refers to cancer cells
j. ​a person given legal authority to make medical decisions for another in the event of incapacitation
k. ​describes a cancerous cell or tumor, which can injure healthy tissue and spread cancer to other regions of the body
l. ​the act of performing beneficial services rather than harmful ones
m. ​the continuous degradation and synthesis of the body's proteins
n. ​in accordance with accepted principles of right and wrong
o. ​a type of cancer that arises from epithelial tissues
p. ​benign tumors composed of fatty tissue
q. ​the use of X-rays, gamma rays, or atomic particles to destroy cancer cells
r. ​an abnormal tissue mass that has no physiological function
​graft-versus-host disease

Question 78

Matching​
a. ​infections caused by microorganisms that normally do not cause disease in healthy people but are damaging to persons with compromised immune function
b. ​the accumulation of fatty tissue at the base of the neck
c. ​lymphocytes that have a specific protein called CD4 on their surfaces
d. ​signaling proteins produced by the body's cells
e. ​a condition in which the immune cells in transplanted tissue attack recipient cells, leading to widespread tissue damage
f. ​a type of cancer arising from plasma cells in the bone marrow
g. ​destruction of donor tissue by the recipient's immune system, which recognizes the donor cells as foreign
h. ​a fungal infection on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and elsewhere
i. ​to spread from one part of the body to another; refers to cancer cells
j. ​a person given legal authority to make medical decisions for another in the event of incapacitation
k. ​describes a cancerous cell or tumor, which can injure healthy tissue and spread cancer to other regions of the body
l. ​the act of performing beneficial services rather than harmful ones
m. ​the continuous degradation and synthesis of the body's proteins
n. ​in accordance with accepted principles of right and wrong
o. ​a type of cancer that arises from epithelial tissues
p. ​benign tumors composed of fatty tissue
q. ​the use of X-rays, gamma rays, or atomic particles to destroy cancer cells
r. ​an abnormal tissue mass that has no physiological function
graft rejection​

Question 79

To minimize the risk of foodborne bacterial infections in a cancer client who has received a hematopoietic stem cell transplant, the nurse would tell the client to _____.​

A) ​cook all meats, poultry, and eggs until they are well done
B) ​consume adequate amounts of fruits and vegetables
C) ​increase consumption of dishes that use ground meats
D) ​consume lactose-free, low-residue, low-fat liquids
E) ​include foods that are low in fat and low in fiber

Question 80

Matching​
a. ​infections caused by microorganisms that normally do not cause disease in healthy people but are damaging to persons with compromised immune function
b. ​the accumulation of fatty tissue at the base of the neck
c. ​lymphocytes that have a specific protein called CD4 on their surfaces
d. ​signaling proteins produced by the body's cells
e. ​a condition in which the immune cells in transplanted tissue attack recipient cells, leading to widespread tissue damage
f. ​a type of cancer arising from plasma cells in the bone marrow
g. ​destruction of donor tissue by the recipient's immune system, which recognizes the donor cells as foreign
h. ​a fungal infection on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and elsewhere
i. ​to spread from one part of the body to another; refers to cancer cells
j. ​a person given legal authority to make medical decisions for another in the event of incapacitation
k. ​describes a cancerous cell or tumor, which can injure healthy tissue and spread cancer to other regions of the body
l. ​the act of performing beneficial services rather than harmful ones
m. ​the continuous degradation and synthesis of the body's proteins
n. ​in accordance with accepted principles of right and wrong
o. ​a type of cancer that arises from epithelial tissues
p. ​benign tumors composed of fatty tissue
q. ​the use of X-rays, gamma rays, or atomic particles to destroy cancer cells
r. ​an abnormal tissue mass that has no physiological function
tumor​