Question 1

The preferred radiographic method to evaluate a patient's bronchiectasis is:&#10;A) posterior-anterior radiograph (x-ray).&#10;B)anterior-posterior radiograph (x-ray).&#10;C)computed tomography (CT).&#10;D)bronchogram.

Accepted Answer

Computed tomography (CT) is the preferred radiographic method to evaluate a patient's bronchiectasis as it provides better visualization and detail of the bronchi and their structures compared to conventional radiography (x-ray) or bronchography. CT can identify bronchial wall thickening, the extent and severity of bronchiectasis, and associated complications such as atelectasis, pleural effusions, and abscesses.

Question 2

Patients with bronchiectasis can have the following anatomic alterations:
1) Hyperinflation
2) Pulmonary embolism
3) Consolidation
4) Pneumothorax

A)1, 3
B)1, 4
C)2, 3, 4
D)1, 2, 3

1, 3

Accepted Answer

Bronchiectasis is a condition where the bronchial tubes are permanently damaged and widened, leading to difficulty in clearing mucus and increased risk of infections. The anatomic alterations commonly seen in bronchiectasis include hyperinflation (due to air trapping), consolidation (due to frequent infections and inflammation), and atelectasis (due to blockage of airways). Pneumothorax (air trapped in pleural space) is a rare complication of bronchiectasis. Pulmonary embolism (blood clot in pulmonary artery) is not directly related to bronchiectasis, although patients with bronchiectasis may have other risk factors for pulmonary embolism such as immobility or infections. Therefore, the best choice is A (Hyperinflation and consolidation).

Question 3

A mother brought her 2 year old son to the physician. He has been coughing up secretions and having wheezy breathing ever since choking on food six months ago. The physician diagnosed the boy with bronchiectasis. What could be the cause?

A) Cystic fibrosis
B)Measles
C)Asthma
D)Aspiration

Aspiration

Accepted Answer

Aspiration of food can lead to obstruction and infection, causing damage to the airways and resulting in bronchiectasis, especially if the symptoms began after a choking incident.

Question 4

Mechanical ventilation would be justified in the management of a patient with bronchiectasis under the following circumstances:&#10;A) Patient has a reversible lung problem&#10;B)To prevent atelectasis&#10;C)To provide supplemental oxygen&#10;D)To help to mobilize secretions

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mechanical ventilation would be justified in the...

Question 5

Congenital causes of bronchiectasis include:&#10;1) Influenza&#10;2) Cystic fibrosis&#10;3) COPD&#10;4) Kartagener's syndrome&#10;A)2, 4&#10;B)1, 3&#10;C)1, 2, 3&#10;D)2, 3, 4

Accepted Answer

Cystic fibrosis and Kartagener's syndrome are congenital causes of bronchiectasis, while influenza and COPD are acquired causes.

Question 6

Management of the patient with bronchiectasis may include:
1) Expectorants
2) Early childhood immunizations
3) Lung resection
4) Lung transplant

A)1, 3
B)3, 4
C)1, 2, 3
D)1, 2, 3, 4

Accepted Answer

Expectorants, lung resection, and early childhood immunizations are all management options for patients with bronchiectasis. Lung transplant is not a typical management option for bronchiectasis.

Question 7

For religious reasons, a young couple has not given their 4-year-old daughter the usual childhood immunizations. She has been repeatedly hospitalized with pulmonary infections. As the respiratory therapist caring for the child, what would you tell the parents that she is a risk of developing?

A) Chronic bronchitis
B)Asthma
C)Bronchiectasis
D)Left ventricular hypertrophy

Accepted Answer

The repeated hospitalizations with pulmonary infections indicate that the child is at risk of developing bronchiectasis, a condition in which the airways widen and become damaged over time, making it difficult to breathe. This is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition often associated with recurrent infections, which the child may be more susceptible to without vaccinations. Chronic bronchitis and asthma are also possible complications, but bronchiectasis is the most likely outcome given the child's repeated infections. Left ventricular hypertrophy is not related to the respiratory system and is therefore not a likely complication in this case.

Question 8

Which form of bronchiectasis causes the greatest amount of damage to the tracheobronchial tree?&#10;A) Triphasic&#10;B)Varicose&#10;C)Cystic&#10;D)Fusiform

Accepted Answer

Cystic bronchiectasis causes the greatest amount of damage to the tracheobronchial tree as it involves the formation of dilated cysts in the bronchial wall, leading to destruction of the normal bronchial architecture and significant reduction in lung function. The other types of bronchiectasis (triphasic, varicose, fusiform) also cause damage, but not to the same extent as cystic bronchiectasis.

Question 9

A patient with long-standing bronchiectasis also has pneumonia. Which of the following hematology test results would be expected?
1) Decreased red blood cell (RBC) count
2) Decreased white blood cell (WBC) count
3) Elevated WBC count
4) Increased hemoglobin and hematocrit

A)1, 2
B)3, 4
C)2, 4
D)1, 3, 4

Accepted Answer

3) Elevated WBC count is expected due to the infection (pneumonia), and 4) Increased hemoglobin and hematocrit could occur due to dehydration associated with fever or less commonly, polycythemia secondary to chronic hypoxia.

Question 10

Severe bronchiectasis is associated with all of the following EXCEPT:&#10;A) vesicular breath sounds.&#10;B)cor pulmonale.&#10;C)distended neck veins.&#10;D)polycythemia.

Accepted Answer

Severe bronchiectasis is a condition where the airways of the lungs become dilated, inflamed, and thickened, which can cause symptoms such as chronic cough, shortness of breath, and recurrent respiratory infections. The other options listed, B) cor pulmonale (enlargement of the right side of the heart due to lung disease), C) distended neck veins (a sign of increased pressure in the heart and lungs), and D) polycythemia (an increase in the number of red blood cells) are all commonly associated with severe bronchiectasis. However, vesicular breath sounds (soft, low-pitched sounds heard over healthy lung tissue) are typically absent in severe bronchiectasis due to the destruction of lung tissue and the loss of normal lung function. Instead, patients with severe bronchiectasis may have crackles, wheezes, or diminished breath sounds on physical examination.

Question 11

Which of the following pulmonary function testing values would be found in a patient with severe, obstructive bronchiectasis? A) Decreased RV/TLC ratio B)Increased PEFR C)Increased FEF_25%-75% D)Decreased FEF_25%-75%

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following pulmonary function testing...

Question 12

Irregularly dilated and constricted bronchi are the key anatomic alterations found in which type of bronchiectasis?&#10;A) Cystic&#10;B)Varicose&#10;C)Tubular&#10;D)Saccular

Accepted Answer

The answer of Irregularly dilated and constricted bronchi are the...

Question 13

Your patient has rhinosinusitis, right-sided heart placement, and bronchiectasis. She is likely to have which of the following conditions?&#10;A) Pierre Robin syndrome&#10;B)Kartagener's syndrome&#10;C)Down syndrome&#10;D)cystic fibrosis

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your patient has rhinosinusitis, right-sided heart placement,...

Question 14

Rigid and dilated bronchi are the key anatomic alterations found in which type of bronchiectasis?&#10;A) Varicose&#10;B)Cystic&#10;C)Emphysematous&#10;D)Cylindrical

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rigid and dilated bronchi are the key...

Question 15

For a patient with bronchiectasis to reduce the risk of his/her condition worsening, which of the following should be done?
1) Avoid air pollution.
2) Get an influenza vaccination.
3) Take an antibiotic every day.
4) Avoid smoking.

A)3, 4
B)1, 2, 4
C)2, 3, 4
D)1, 2, 3, 4

Accepted Answer

The answer of For a patient with bronchiectasis to reduce...

Deck 13: Bronchiectasis