Deck 16: Lung Abscess

Question 1

A patient with an abscess has coughed out a large volume of brown-colored, putrid sputum. What is the most likely class of microorganism that would cause this?

A) Fungi
B)Viruses
C)Aerobic bacteria
D)Anaerobic bacteria

Answer 1

Anaerobic bacteria

Question 2

A lung abscess may be caused by which of the following?
1) Penetrating chest wound
2) Septic embolism
3) Aspirated foreign body
4) Bronchogenic cyst

A)1, 2
B)3, 4
C)1, 2, 4
D)1, 2, 3, 4

Answer 2

1, 2, 3, 4

Question 3

In severe cases of tissue necrosis related to an abscess, what can occur?
1) Fluid ruptures into a bronchus.
2) Broncholithiasis occurs.
3) Bronchospasm will close off the affected bronchi.
4) Fluid ruptures into the intrapleural space.

A)1, 2
B)1, 4
C)3, 4
D)1, 2, 3

Answer 3

1, 4

Question 4

While performing an assessment of your female patient, a pleural friction rub is heard. What does this indicate?

A) Her secretions are becoming thinner.
B)She has atelectasis.
C)An abscess is near the pleural surface.
D)She has a pneumothorax.

Question 5

Your intubated, unconscious patient has accidentally had the cuff deflated. This has resulted in the aspiration of oral secretions. What microorganisms are likely to be found in her tracheal secretions now?
1) Legionella pneumophila
2) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
3) Peptococci
4) Bacteroides fragilis

A)1, 3
B)3, 4
C)1, 2
D)1, 2, 4

Question 6

In response to the patient having a lung infection, how does the body respond?

A) Polymorphonuclear leukocytes go to the area.
B)Erythrocytes go to the area.
C)Surface goblet cells increase mucus production.
D)Metabolism is decreased.

Question 7

Predisposing factors that frequently lead to the aspiration of gastrointestinal fluids (and anaerobes) are usually related to which of the following?
1) General anesthesia
2) Head trauma
3) Seizure disorder
4) Alcoholic abuse

A)1, 2
B)2, 3, 4
C)1, 2, 3
D)1, 2, 3, 4

Question 8

Your patient has aspirated. This can result in all of the following EXCEPT:

A) fungal pneumonia.
B)anaerobic bacterial pneumonia.
C)chemical pneumonitis.
D)Both B and C

Question 9

What antibiotic agent would be appropriate for treating an anaerobic lung abscess infection?

A) Metronidazole (Flagyl)
B)Pentamidine (NebuPent)
C)Fluoroquinolones (Levofloxacin)
D)Monobactam (Aztreonam)

Question 10

If a patient with a lung abscess develops a cavity, this structure may also be called a/an:

A) calcification.
B)abscissa.
C)alveolar membrane.
D)pyogenic membrane.

Question 11

During the early stages of a lung abscess, the pathological process is the same as that of:

A) pulmonary edema.
B)bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
C)pneumonia.
D)pulmonary fibrosis.

Question 12

Chest radiographic findings in a patient with a lung abscess include:
1) pleural effusion.
2) fibrosis and calcification.
3) hyperinflation.
4) enlarged heart.

A)1, 2
B)2, 3
C)3, 4
D)1, 2, 3

Question 13

A patient who had a stroke is lying supine in bed when he vomits and aspirates. He is most likely to develop a lung abscess in the:
1) posterior segments of the upper lobes.
2) lingular segments.
3) superior segments of the lower lobes.
4) all segments of both lower lobes.

A)4
B)1, 3
C)2, 3
D)1, 2, 4

Question 14

Your patient's lung infection is caused by Klebsiella. What would be appropriate to treat it?

A) Penicillin G
B)Ribavirin (Virazole)
C)The cephalosporin agent cefotaxime.
D)Isoniazid (INH)

Question 15

When a lung abscess is seen on a chest radiograph, a distinguishing factor is the:

A) solid mass.
B)air bronchograms.
C)consolidation of the affected segment or lobe.
D)air-fluid level in the cavity.