Deck 15: Temperature, Heat, and Expansion

Question 1

When you touch a hot potato with your finger, energy flows

A)from your finger to the potato.
B)from the potato to your finger.
C)actually, both ways.

Answer 1

from the potato to your finger.

Question 2

Which unit represents the most energy?

A)calorie
B)Calorie
C)joule
D)all the same

Answer 2

Calorie

Question 3

White-hot sparks from a 4th-of-July-type sparkler that strike your skin have relatively

A)high temperatures.
B)few molecules per spark.
C)low transfer of energy.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Answer 3

all of the above

Question 4

A temperature difference of 10 Celsius degrees is also equal to a temperature difference of 10 on the

A)Fahrenheit scale.
B)Kelvin scale.
C)both of these
D)neither of these

Question 5

When 10 grams of hot water cool by 1°C, the amount of heat given off is

A)41.9 calories.
B)41.9 Calories.
C)41.9 joules.
D)more than 41.9 joules.
E)none of the above

Question 6

Internal energy is greater in a

A)cup of boiling-hot tea.
B)fire-engine pail of boiling-hot tea.
C)both the same

Question 7

Compared to a giant iceberg, a hot cup of coffee has

A)more internal energy and higher temperature.
B)higher temperature, but less internal energy.
C)a greater specific heat and more internal energy.
D)none of the above

Question 8

The air in your room is composed of molecules that have

A)nearly identical speeds.
B)a wide variety of speeds.
C)no speeds worth mentioning.

Question 9

Heat energy travels from an object with a high

A)internal energy to an object with a lower internal energy.
B)temperature to an object with a lower temperature.
C)both of the above
D)none of the above

Question 10

The fact that a thermometer "takes its own temperature" illustrates

A)thermal equilibrium.
B)energy conservation.
C)the difference between heat and internal energy.
D)the fact that molecules are constantly moving.

Question 11

Translational motion is characterized by

A)motion that carries a molecule from one place to another.
B)the motion used in measuring temperature.
C)both of these
D)neither of these

Question 12

In which is the temperature greater?

A)boiling-hot tea in a cup
B)boiling-hot tea in a fire-engine pail
C)both the same

Question 13

The kind of molecular motion that mostly relates to the temperature of a substance is

A)translational motion.
B)rotational motion.
C)vibrational motion.
D)all about equally

Question 14

Temperature is most closely related to molecular

A)kinetic energy.
B)potential energy.
C)electrical energy.
D)mechanical energy in general.

Question 15

Heat energy is measured in units of

A)joules.
B)calories.
C)both of these
D)neither of these

Question 16

The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1°C is

A)4.19 calories.
B)4.19 Calories.
C)4.19 joules.
D)none of the above

Question 17

Room temperature on the Kelvin scale is about

A)100 K.
B)200 K.
C)300 K.
D)400 K.
E)more than 400 K.

Question 18

Which temperature scales have equal sized degrees?

A)Fahrenheit and Celsius
B)Fahrenheit and Kelvin
C)Celsius and Kelvin
D)none of the above

Question 19

Which temperature scale has the smallest sized degrees?

A)Fahrenheit
B)Celsius
C)Kelvin
D)none of the above

Question 20

When you touch a cold piece of ice with your finger, energy flows

A)from your finger to the ice.
B)from the ice to your finger.
C)actually, both ways.

Question 21

The specific heat capacity is highest for substances that absorb or release large quantities of heat for correspondingly

A)small temperature changes.
B)large temperature changes.
C)small or large changes in temperature.
D)none of the above

Question 22

The fact that desert sand is very hot in the day and very cold at night is evidence that the specific heat capacity of sand is relatively

A)low.
B)high.
C)practically absent.

Question 23

Tomatoes have a higher specific heat capacity than dough. This means that when you bite into a hot pizza

A)the dough feels hotter than the tomato sauce.
B)the tomato sauce feels hotter than the dough.
C)since sauce and dough are at the same temperature, neither feels hotter.

Question 24

Which of the following normally warms up fastest when heat is applied?

A)water
B)iron
C)glass
D)wood
E)all of the above

Question 25

The quantity of heat that a substance can transfer relates to its

A)mass
B)specific heat capacity
C)change in its temperature.
D)all of the above

Question 26

Pour a liter of water at 40°C into a liter of water at 20°C and the final temperature of the two becomes

A)less than 30°C.
B)at or about 30°C.
C)more than 30°C.

Question 27

The white-hot sparks from a 4th-of-July-type sparkler that strike your skin transfer

A)little energy to you in spite of their high temperature.
B)little energy to you due to their low temperature.
C)much energy, but at a low temperature.
D)none of the above

Question 28

A substance that cools down faster than others has a

A)low specific heat capacity.
B)high specific heat capacity.
C)either of these
D)neither of these

Question 29

One of water's interesting thermal properties is that when heated it takes a relatively

A)long time in changing temperature.
B)short time in changing temperature.
C)same amount of time to cool.
D)none of the above

Question 30

Pour two liters of water at 40°C into one liter of water at 20°C and the final temperature of the two becomes

A)less than 30°C.
B)at or about 30°C.
C)more than 30°C.

Question 31

Aluminum has a higher specific heat capacity than iron. This means that for equal masses of aluminum and iron, the metal that heats more quickly when the same amount of heat is applied is

A)aluminum.
B)iron.
C)need more information

Question 32

A substance that heats up relatively quickly has a

A)high specific heat capacity.
B)low specific heat capacity.
C)either of these
D)neither of these

Question 33

A substance with a high thermal inertia has a high

A)temperature, in many cases.
B)heat conductivity.
C)specific heat capacity.
D)energy content.

Question 34

Materials composed of molecules that absorb large amounts of energy in the form of internal vibrations and rotations have

A)low specific heats.
B)high specific heats.
C)none of the above

Question 35

A substance that heats up relatively slowly has a

A)high specific heat capacity.
B)low specific heat capacity.
C)either of these
D)neither of these

Question 36

Place a 1-kilogram block of iron at 40°C into 1 kilogram of water at 20°C and the final temperature of the two becomes

A)less than 30°C.
B)at or about 30°C.
C)more than 30°C.

Question 37

If the specific heat capacity of water were lower than it is, a nice hot bath would be a

A)shorter experience.
B)longer experience.
C)same regardless of water's specific heat capacity.

Question 38

The moderate temperatures of islands throughout the world has much to do with water's

A)good conductivity.
B)vast supply of internal energy.
C)high specific heat capacity.
D)high evaporation rate.
E)absorption of solar energy.

Question 39

If the specific heat capacity of water were lower than it is, a watermelon in a picnic cooler would cool in a

A)shorter time.
B)longer time.
C)the same time anyway.

Question 40

Aluminum has a specific heat capacity more than twice that of copper. Place equal masses of aluminum and copper wire in a flame and the one to undergo the fastest increase in temperature will be

A)copper.
B)aluminum.
C)both the same

Question 41

If you measure the width of an outdoor barn with a steel tape on a very cold day, your measured width will be

A)a bit short.
B)a bit long.
C)the same as on an average-temperature day.

Question 42

If you measure the distance between two telephone poles with a steel tape on a very hot day, your measured distance will be

A)a bit short.
B)a bit long.
C)the same as on an average-temperature day.

Question 43

Which of these is correct?

A)a piece of solid iron floats in molten iron.
B)a piece of solid aluminum floats in molten aluminum.
C)a piece of ice floats in water.
D)all the above
E)none of the above

Question 44

In most cases, which expands more for comparable changes in temperature?

A)solids.
B)liquids.
C)gases.
D)all expand about equally.

Question 45

In terms of thermal expansion it is important that

A)a key and its lock are made of similar or the same material.
B)the fillings in your teeth expand at the same rate as teeth.
C)iron rods and concrete in which they're embedded expand equally.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 46

If the specific heat of water were lower than it is, ponds in the cold of winter would be

A)more likely to freeze.
B)less likely to freeze.
C)neither more nor less likely to freeze.

Question 47

The fact that gasoline overflows a full tank on a hot day is evidence that

A)gasoline expands more with increasing temperature than its tank.
B)the tank contracts while gasoline expands with temperature.
C)both of these
D)neither of these

Question 48

As a piece of metal with a hole in it cools, the diameter of the hole

A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)remains the same.

Question 49

Consider a metal ring with a gap cut in it. When the ring is heated, the gap

A)becomes narrower.
B)becomes wider.
C)retains its size.

Question 50

When an iron ring is heated, the hole becomes

A)smaller.
B)larger.
C)neither smaller nor larger.
D)either smaller or larger, depending on the ring thickness.

Question 51

Which of these expands when the temperature is lowered?

A)iron
B)wood
C)ice water
D)helium
E)none of the above

Question 52

When we enlarge a photograph of an iron ring, the image of the hole becomes

A)smaller.
B)larger.
C)neither smaller nor larger.

Question 53

A closed, sealed can of air placed on a hot stove. The contained air undergoes an increase in

A)mass.
B)temperature.
C)both of these
D)neither of these

Question 54

When most substances are heated, molecules inside move faster and take up more space, resulting in thermal

A)bending.
B)expansion.
C)contraction.
D)heat.

Question 55

Which of the following expands more when the temperature is increased? Equal volumes of

A)iron.
B)wood.
C)ice water.
D)helium.
E)all expand the same.

Question 56

It is important that the two metals that compose a bimetallic strip have

A)different conductivities.
B)different rates of expansion.
C)equal thicknesses.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 57

If glass expanded more than mercury, then the column of mercury in a mercury thermometer would fall when the temperature

A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)neither of these

Question 58

Which of the following contracts most when the temperature is decreased? Equal volumes of

A)iron.
B)wood.
C)water.
D)helium.
E)all contract the same.

Question 59

A body of water will be deeper when its

A)temperature rises.
B)temperature drops.
C)neither of these

Question 60

When a bimetallic bar made of copper and iron strips is heated, the bar bends toward the iron strip. The reason for this is

A)iron gets hotter before copper.
B)copper gets hotter before iron.
C)copper expands more than iron.
D)iron expands more than copper.
E)none of the above

Question 61

Before ice can form on a lake, all the water in the lake must be cooled to

A)zero°C.
B)4°C.
C)-32°C.
D)none of the above

Question 62

Consider some water at 6°C. For a slight increase its temperature the water will

A)expand.
B)contract.
C)remain the same.

Question 63

If you wish to expand the volume of a sample of water at 4°C

A)raise its temperature a bit.
B)lower its temperature a bit.
C)either of these
D)neither of these

Question 64

Ice tends to form first at the

A)surface of bodies of water.
B)bottom of bodies of water.
C)either depending on water depth.

Question 65

If the temperature of a sample of water at 4°C is slightly lowered, its volume

A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)remains the same.

Question 66

When ice crystals collapse at the surface of ice, the result is a

A)thin film of water.
B)slippery surface.
C)both of these.
D)none of the above

Question 67

When ice floats in water, a small part of it extends above the surface. Interestingly, the volume of ice that extends above the surface is equal to the volume of the

A)water the ice displaces.
B)vast number of open spaces in all the hexagonal ice crystals.
C)both of these
D)neither of these

Question 68

When ice water at 0°C is heated

A)thermal expansion occurs.
B)thermal contraction occurs.
C)both occur until 4°C is reached

Question 69

Microscopic slush in ice water tends to make water density

A)lower.
B)higher.
C)sustain at one value.

Question 70

When the temperature of a solid block of ice is lowered, its volume

A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)stays the same.

Question 71

Open spaces in ice crystals contribute to

A)decreased density.
B)increased density.
C)neither of these

Question 72

During a very cold winter, water pipes sometimes burst due to

A)the ground contracting when colder.
B)water expanding when freezing.
C)water contracting when freezing.
D)thawing producing pressure on the pipes.
E)none of the above

Question 73

The temperature at the bottom of Lake Tahoe, high in the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California, at this moment is

A)below 4°C.
B)4°C.
C)above 4°C.
D)uncertain.

Question 74

If the temperature of a sample of water at 4°C is slightly increased, its volume

A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)remains the same.

Question 75

Ice crystals in nearly frozen liquid water make up a

A)microscopic slush.
B)region of lower density.
C)both of these
D)neither of these

Question 76

Ice has a lower density than water because ice

A)molecules are more compact in the solid state.
B)molecules vibrate at lower rates than water molecules.
C)is composed of open-structured crystals.
D)density decreases with decreasing temperature.

Question 77

When water at 4°C is heated it expands. If it is instead cooled it will

A)contracts.
B)also expand.
C)neither contracts nor expands.

Question 78

Due to the presence of ice crystals in nearly frozen liquid water, the density of water is

A)lower.
B)unaffected.
C)higher.

Question 79

If the temperature of a sample of water at 0°C is slightly increased, its volume

A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)remains the same.