Deck 5: Developmental Disorders

Question 1

Which term describes a disorder present at and existing from the time of birth?

A)Anomaly
B)Inherited
C)Congenital
D)Developmental

Answer 1

Congenital

Question 2

What is the name of the pseudocyst filled with salivary gland tissue that may be an extension of the sublingual gland?

A)Ranula
B)Static bone cyst
C)Lymphoepithelial cyst
D)Traumatic bone cyst

Answer 2

Static bone cyst

Question 3

The body of the tongue develops from the:

A)frontal process.
B)first branchial arch.
C)second branchial arch.
D)third branchial arch.

Answer 3

first branchial arch.

Question 4

This patient exhibits an extensive adhesion of the tongue to the floor of the mouth caused by the short lingual frenum. You suspect:

A)ankyloglossia.
B)frenectomy.
C)lingual thyroid.
D)total ankyloglossia.

Question 5

Which term describes partial anodontia or the lack of one or more teeth?

A)Anodontia
B)Ankylosed
C)Hypodontia
D)Gemination

Question 6

Total anodontia is often associated with a hereditary disturbance called:

A)taurodontism.
B)amelogenesis imperfecta.
C)ectodermal dysplasia.
D)cleidocranial dysplasia.

Question 7

The _____ is characterized by its unique histologic appearance and its frequent recurrence rate.

A)radicular cyst
B)residual cyst
C)dentigerous cyst
D)odontogenic keratocyst

Question 8

Which term defines the joining of two adjacent teeth by cementum only?

A)Twinning
B)Concrescence
C)Cementogenesis
D)Fusion

Question 9

The lateral periodontal cyst occurs most often on the lateral aspect of a tooth root, which is usually the:

A)mandibular third molar.
B)maxillary premolars.
C)mandibular cuspid/premolars.
D)maxillary anteriors.

Question 10

The formation of dentin is called:

A)amelogenesis.
B)dentinogenesis.
C)dens in dente.
D)odontogenesis.

Question 11

Clinically, the lingual thyroid nodule appears as a smooth nodular mass:

A)at the base of the tongue posterior to the circumvallate papillae.
B)on the anterior ventral tongue.
C)on the lateral borders of the middle third of the tongue.
D)anterior to the circumvallate papillae.

Question 12

Radiographically, this radiolucent cyst is often heart shaped, caused by the anatomic Y shape of the area. It is called the _____ cyst.

A)nasopalatine canal
B)median palatine
C)nasolabial
D)globulomaxillary

Question 13

The most common cyst observed in the oral cavity is caused by pulpal inflammation and is called a(n) _____ cyst.

A)dentigerous
B)eruption
C)radicular
D)primordial

Question 14

The first branchial arch divides into two maxillary processes and the _____ process.

A)mandibular
B)frontal
C)median nasal
D)globular

Question 15

Which one of the following is not considered a pseudocyst?

A)Thyroglossal tract cyst
B)Static bone cyst
C)Simple bone cyst
D)Aneurysmal bone cyst

Question 16

This unilocular radiolucency around the crown of an unerupted second premolar is most likely a:

A)normal developmental sac.
B)dentigerous cyst.
C)primordial cyst.
D)lateral periodontal cyst.

Question 17

Which epithelium-lined tract is a developmental anomaly located in the corners of the mouth?

A)Commissural lip pit
B)Angular cheilitis
C)Fistula
D)Congenital lip pit

Question 18

The _____ cyst has a strong predilection for females.

A)lateral periodontal
B)nasopalatine canal
C)nasolabial
D)gingival

Question 19

Which one of the following is not true about the thyroglossal tract cyst?

A)It is found in individuals younger than 20 years.
B)There is no sex predilection.
C)Clinically, it is located below the hyoid bone.
D)Conservative nonsurgical treatment is sufficient.

Question 20

Odontogenesis in the human embryo occurs at:

A)three weeks.
B)five weeks.
C)five months.
D)one month.

Question 21

Impacted teeth cannot erupt because of:

A)lack of eruptive force.
B)physical obstruction.
C)ankylosis.
D)bone pathology.

Question 22

The pseudocyst seen in this radiograph is surrounded by salivary gland tissue. It is a(n) _____ bone cyst.

A)simple
B)Stafne
C)traumatic
D)aneurysmal

Question 23

Multiple supernumerary teeth may be a component of which of the following?

A)Cleidocranial dysplasia
B)Dermoid cyst
C)Syphilis
D)Static bone cyst

Question 24

Regional odontodysplasia is:

A)a decrease in radiodensity seen on one or more unerupted teeth in a quadrant.
B)a genetic condition.
C)caused by systemic illness.
D)most often seen in the mandible.

Question 25

Regional odontodysplasia is also referred to as:

A)hypodontia.
B)ghost teeth.
C)taurodontism.
D)supernumerary teeth.

Question 26

Ingesting water with four times the amount of fluoride causes:

A)brown-to-black staining.
B)cusp fractures.
C)white spots on the middle third of smooth crowns.
D)increased dental caries.

Question 27

The supernumerary tooth in this illustration is:

A)a mesiodens.
B)a dilaceration.
C)the result of twinning.
D)the result of gemination.

Question 28

Nonerupted supernumerary teeth should be extracted because of which of the following risks?

A)Malignant tumor development
B)Cysts around the crowns
C)Internal resorption
D)Condensing osteitis

Question 29

Which one of the following defines a disturbance of the maturation of the enamel matrix?

A)Turner tooth
B)Mulberry molar
C)Premature birth
D)Enamel hypocalcification

Question 30

Enamel hypoplasia is the result of a disturbance of or damage to ameloblasts during enamel matrix formation. Which one of the following would not be a factor?

A)Genetics
B)Ingestion of high concentrations of fluoride during tooth development
C)Vitamin deficiency during tooth development
D)Shingles

Question 31

Pitting is the most common type of enamel hypoplasia seen in patients who have which condition during tooth development?

A)Febrile illness
B)Drinking water with 2.4 ppm of fluoride during tooth development
C)Congenital syphilis
D)Herpes simplex

Question 32

For which condition would pulp vitality be nonvital?

A)Radicular cyst
B)Median mandibular cyst
C)Median palatal cyst
D)Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia

Question 33

Another name for dens invaginatus is:

A)taurodontism.
B)dens in dente.
C)dens evaginatus.
D)enamel pearl.

Question 34

The developmental anomaly seen in this radiograph is:

A)taurodontism.
B)mulberry molar.
C)supernumerary roots on the mandibular premolars.
D)dilaceration.

Question 35

Which tooth is most commonly affected by dens in dente?

A)Maxillary central
B)Mandibular lateral
C)Maxillary lateral
D)A supernumerary tooth

Question 36

The projection of white material seen at the furcation area in this maxillary molar is a developmental anomaly. You suspect:

A)dens evaginatus.
B)enamel pearl.
C)supernumerary cusp.
D)calculus.

Question 37

Dens in dente is a developmental anomaly often seen with:

A)extra cusps.
B)a periapical lesion.
C)tuberculated premolars.
D)supernumerary roots.

Question 38

The pear-shaped radiolucency observed in this radiograph is most likely a _____ cyst.

A)radicular
B)globulomaxillary
C)lateral periodontal
D)nasopalatine canal

Question 39

This radiograph clearly shows which developmental anomaly?

A)Dens in dente
B)Periapical pathology (PAP)
C)Caries
D)Open contacts

Question 40

The most common supernumerary tooth is called:

A)distomolar.
B)mesiodens.
C)mulberry molar.
D)Turner tooth.

Question 41

A small elevated mass of thyroid tissue located near the foramen cecum or posterior lateral borders of the tongue, which forms as a result of failure of the embryonic thyroid tissue to migrate to its proper position, is called a(n):

A)ameloblastic fibroma.
B)hemangioma.
C)lingual thyroid nodule.
D)thyroglossal duct cyst.

Question 42

When counting the maxillary anterior teeth of this adolescent patient, it appears that five are present, if the large tooth is counted as one. A radiograph reveals that this large central tooth has two roots. This tooth demonstrates:

A)geminism.
B)concrescence.
C)dilaceration.
D)fusion.

Question 43

The deformity seen here with a bend in root apices is characteristic of:

A)dilaceration.
B)gemination.
C)fusion.
D)concrescence.

Question 44

When two or more teeth are joined by cementum, as shown in this picture, it is known as:

A)concrescence.
B)dilaceration.
C)enamel pearl.
D)gemination.

Question 45

The cyst that appears in the bone in this radiograph surrounds the fully formed crown of an unerupted premolar. The dental hygienist should refer to this as a(n) _____ cyst.

A)eruption
B)follicular
C)lateral periodontal
D)primordial

Question 46

Proliferation is defined as:

A)congenital lack of teeth.
B)formation of dentin.
C)multiplication of cells.
D)disposition in favor of something.

Question 47

This patient exhibits an accessory cusp located in the cingulum of the maxillary right lateral permanent incisor. This can be diagnosed as a:

A)talon cusp.
B)dens in dente.
C)taurodontism.
D)dens evaginatus.

Question 48

This enlargement on the lateral neck of this patient has been present for months and is slowly increasing in size. It is painless and feels soft. Histologic examination shows this to be an epithelium-lined sac filled with clear, yellow fluid. It is a _____ cyst.

A)thyroglossal duct
B)branchial
C)median palatine
D)globulomaxillary

Question 49

The only hypoplastic defect in a patient's dentition is located on the facial surface of a permanent maxillary central incisor. The most likely cause of this defect is:

A)a dietary deficiency during tooth formation.
B)absence of the primary mandibular central incisor.
C)physical injury of the primary maxillary central incisor.
D)neonatal hypoplasia of the primary anterior teeth.

Question 50

Deciduous teeth in which bone has fused to cementum and dentin, preventing exfoliation of the deciduous tooth and eruption of the underlying permanent tooth, are:

A)embedded.
B)ankylosed.
C)impacted.
D)erupted.

Question 51

Odontogenic keratocysts are a clinical component of:

A)nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome.
B)neurofibromatosis of von Recklinghausen.
C)cherubism.
D)Gardner syndrome.

Question 52

During tooth development, ectoderm and ectomesenchymal cells give rise to each of the following except one. Which one is the exception?

A)Periodontal ligament
B)Ameloblasts
C)Odontoblasts
D)Cementoblasts

Question 53

Periapical x-ray examination reveals a well-defined unilocular radiolucency located in the midline of the hard palate. The diagnosis is _____ cyst.

A)nasolabial
B)globulomaxillary
C)branchial cleft
D)median palatine

Question 54

Which one of the following tumors frequently arises from a dentigerous cyst?

A)Sarcoma
B)Ameloblastoma
C)Odontoma
D)Dens en dente

Question 55

The radiograph of this patient exhibits a biloculated, well-defined radiolucency lateral to the tooth root. It is asymptomatic. This is a _____ cyst.

A)residual
B)follicular
C)lateral periodontal
D)primordial

Question 56

This patient is perfectly healthy, with no history of local or systemic infection or disease. All of the patient's teeth are caries free, as are all of the teeth of all of the patients who exhibit this defect. This is characteristic of:

A)fluorosis.
B)Hutchinson incisors.
C)a Turner tooth.
D)attrition.

Question 57

Microdontia most commonly occurs in:

A)maxillary laterals and third molars.
B)maxillary canine.
C)mandibular molars.
D)mandibular incisors and molars.

Question 58

During embryonic development of the face, the frontal process divides into three parts. These three parts include the median nasal process, the right lateral nasal process, and the left lateral nasal process.

A)Both statements are true.
B)Both statements are false.
C)The first statement is true; the second is false.
D)The first statement is false; the second is true.

Question 59

Which term best describes a disorder caused by abnormalities in the genetic makeup transmitted from parent to offspring?

A)Anomaly
B)Inherited
C)Congenital
D)Developmental

Question 60

Odontogenesis in the human embryo takes place at approximately:

A)five weeks.
B)two months.
C)three months.
D)at birth.