Deck 10: The Water-Soluble Vitamins: B Vitamins and Vitamin C

Question 1

Of these foods,which is the best source of riboflavin per kcalorie? 

A) Eggs 
B) Tofu (soybean curd) 
C) Potatoes 
D) Clams 
E) Strawberries

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Riboflavin is similar to thiamin in that _____.

A) both are found in abundant amounts in pork. 
B) both serve as coenzymes in energy metabolism. 
C) both are easily destroyed by heat. 
D) both are easily destroyed by ultraviolet light. 
E) though rare, both can be toxic when consumed in high amounts.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is a symptom of riboflavin deficiency? 

A) Edema 
B) Diarrhea 
C) Constipation 
D) Anemia 
E) Purplish tongue

Answer 3

E

Question 4

One difference between water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins is that ____.

A) fat-soluble vitamins outnumber water-soluble vitamins. 
B) in large amounts, water-soluble vitamins can be more toxic than fat-soluble vitamins. 
C) fat-soluble vitamins are easier for the body to excrete. 
D) water-soluble vitamins need to be consumed more frequently than fat-soluble vitamins 
E) fat-soluble vitamins need to be consumed more frequently than water-soluble vitamins.

Question 5

What is the name of the coenzyme form of thiamin? 

A) Thiaminacide 
B) Thiamin pyrophosphate 
C) Thiamin adenine dinucleotide 
D) Thiamin mononucleotide 
E) Thiamin flavin

Question 6

Which of the following is not a role of thiamin? 

A) DNA synthesis 
B) Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA 
C) ATP production 
D) Energy metabolism 
E) Participation in the TCA cycle

Question 7

Which of the following is true of vitamins in general? 

A) Some yield energy. 
B) They help enzymes participate in release of energy from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. 
C) They are considered macronutrients. 
D) Structurally, they are linked together. 
E) They are not as readily available in food as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

Question 8

What is the richest source of thiamin? 

A) White rice 
B) Whole grain products 
C) Pork 
D) Potatoes 
E) Corn

Question 9

The RDA for thiamin is _____ .

A) higher in women than men 
B) the same for men and women 
C) measured in micrograms 
D) sometimes hard to meet because thiamin is not found in many foods 
E) only slightly higher for men than women

Question 10

The RDA for riboflavin is based primarily on _____.

A) calorie intake 
B) thiamin intake 
C) physical activity level 
D) riboflavin's enzyme activity 
E) vitamin A needs

Question 11

The bioavailability of vitamins in food ____.

A) depends on many factors, such as how the food was prepared 
B) is easy to determine 
C) refers to a vitamin's molecular structure 
D) refers to the number of neutrons in the cells of vitamins 
E) is the ratio of vitamin intake to calorie intake

Question 12

The risk of thiamin deficiency is doubled in _____.

A) alcoholics 
B) cigarette smokers 
C) adults over 65 years old 
D) pregnant women 
E) infants

Question 13

Which of the following is true of thiamin? 

A) It is easily destroyed by heat. 
B) The average thiamin intake in the United States is inadequate. 
C) It is sometimes referred to as vitamin B2. 
D) Boiling is a good cooking method for conserving a food's thiamin content. 
E) It works hand in hand with vitamin C.

Question 14

Which of these is the greatest contributor of riboflavin in most people's diet? 

A) Milk and milk products 
B) Meat, poultry and fish 
C) Dark green, leafy vegetables 
D) Eggs 
E) Fruit

Question 15

Of these foods,which is the best source of thiamin? 

A) Sunflower seeds 
B) tuna 
C) Eggs 
D) Soy milk 
E) Cheddar cheese

Question 16

A deficiency of riboflavin can cause a disease known as __________.

A) riboflavinosis 
B) ariboflavinosis 
C) pernicious anemia 
D) pellagra 
E) beriberi

Question 17

Which statement is true of precursors? 

A) They are secreted by the pancreas. 
B) They are a source of energy. 
C) They help break down vitamins during digestion. 
D) They are stored in bile. 
E) They describe vitamins that are inactive in food but become active once inside the body.

Question 18

B vitamins have a major role in _______.

A) antioxidation 
B) anticoagulation 
C) antibody stabilization 
D) collagen formation 
E) energy metabolism

Question 19

What disease can result from prolonged thiamin deficiency? 

A) Scurvy 
B) Pernicious anemia 
C) Pellagra 
D) Beriberi 
E) Cheilosis

Question 20

Which of the following vitamins is not water soluble? 

A) Biotin 
B) Vitamin C 
C) Vitamin K 
D) Pantothenic acid 
E) Folate

Question 21

Which of these vitamins is easily destroyed by food processing? 

A) Biotin 
B) Niacin 
C) thiamin 
D) Pantothenic acid 
E) Riboflavin

Question 22

Of these foods,which is the best source of riboflavin? 

A) Carrots 
B) Oranges 
C) Tofu 
D) Potatoes 
E) Liver

Question 23

Which of the following is not true of biotin? 

A) It is involved in gluconeogenesis. 
B) Deficiencies are rare. 
C) It acts as a co-enzyme in the TCA cycle. 
D) Some is produced by GI bacteria. 
E) A good source is egg whites.

Question 24

Which of the following is true of vitamin B6? 

A) Toxicity is unknown. 
B) Deficiency is unknown. 
C) It occurs in three forms. 
D) It is stable in heat. 
E) Larger doses can enhance muscle strength.

Question 25

Which B vitamin is stored extensively in muscle tissue? 

A) Biotin 
B) Folate 
C) Thiamin 
D) Pantothenic acid 
E) Vitamin B6

Question 26

Of these foods,which is the best source of vitamin B6? 

A) Milk 
B) Carrots 
C) Tofu 
D) Cheddar cheese 
E) Banana

Question 27

Niacin was involved in a groundbreaking nutrition discovery that showed that _____.

A) diet inadequacies could cause disease 
B) the B vitamins were involved in energy metabolism 
C) tryptophan was a precursor of niacin 
D) niacin was a water-soluble vitamin 
E) dermatitis was a symptom of niacin deficiency

Question 28

Which of the following is true of riboflavin? 

A) It is also known as vitamin B1. 
B) It is easily destroyed by heat. 
C) People who follow a strict vegetarian diet can't get adequate amounts from food alone. 
D) Significant sources are citrus products. 
E) It remains stable when exposed to heat.

Question 29

A deficiency of which vitamin causes cheilosis,a condition in which the corners of the mouth become cracked and red? 

A) Vitamin C 
B) Riboflavin 
C) Niacin 
D) Vitamin B12 
E) Vitamin B6

Question 30

There is no RDA for biotin because _____.

A) Biotin can be synthesized in the body 
B) It is not a true essential nutrient. 
C) There is insufficient research on biotin requirements. 
D) Biotin is widespread in foods so requirements are not a concern. 
E) Its role in energy metabolism can be met by another vitamin.

Question 31

The RDA for niacin is _____ .

A) expressed in milligrams of niacin equivalents 
B) expressed in milligrams of niacin estimates 
C) higher for women than men 
D) the same for men and women 
E) difficult to meet unless the diet includes meat and other sources of the amino acid tryptophan

Question 32

Which of the following is known to be toxic in large doses? 

A) Niacin 
B) Biotin 
C) Riboflavin 
D) Vitamin B12 
E) Thiamin

Question 33

Which of the following is true of niacin? 

A) Large doses of the nicotinic acid form can raise HDL cholesterol. 
B) Large doses of the nicotinic acid form can raise LDL cholesterol. 
C) Treatment for the deficiency disease, pellagra, often includes supplements of the amino acid leucine. 
D) Toxicity is unknown. 
E) High doses can treat liver diseases.

Question 34

Which of the following substances contributes to the destruction of vitamin B6 in the body? 

A) Pyridoxine 
B) Vitamin A 
C) Tryptophan 
D) Alcohol 
E) Nicotine

Question 35

The coenzyme form of niacin is central to the metabolism of _____.

A) Amino acids 
B) Glucose 
C) Vitamin E 
D) Vitamin C 
E) Lactose

Question 36

Which of the following is an important function of vitamin B6? 

A) It helps with carbohydrate, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism. 
B) It helps form collagen. 
C) It carries activated carbon dioxide in energy metabolism, 
D) It acts as an antioxidant. 
E) It helps prevent neural tube defects.

Question 37

What is "niacin flush"? 

A) A condition that develops with niacin deficiency 
B) A condition that develops with nicotinic deficiency 
C) A condition of low levels of niacin in the blood 
D) A pharmacological effect that occurs from taking large doses of supplemental or prescription niacin 
E) A physiological effect that occurs from consuming large doses of the nicotinamide form of niacin

Question 38

Which of the following is true of pantothenic acid? 

A) It is the only B vitamin not involved in energy metabolism. 
B) It is relatively stable under most food preparation methods. 
C) It is known to be toxic in large doses. 
D) It is involved in more than 100 steps in the synthesis of certain compounds. 
E) It is found in a few select foods.

Question 39

Which amino acid is the precursor to niacin? 

A) Lysine 
B) Valine 
C) Phenylalanine 
D) Tryptophan 
E) Glycine

Question 40

Of these foods,which is the best source of niacin? 

A) Carrots 
B) Broccoli 
C) Chicken breast 
D) Strawberries 
E) Oranges

Question 41

Which of the following statements is true of choline? 

A) It is sometimes referred to as vitamin H. 
B) It is not a B vitamin but is grouped with the B vitamins anyway. 
C) In most cases, the body can make enough choline to meet its needs. 
D) Choline's only function is to make the phospholipid lecithin. 
E) It is defined as a nonvitamin.

Question 42

Of these foods,which has the greatest vitamin B12 bioavailability? 

A) Milk 
B) Eggs 
C) Meat 
D) Poultry 
E) Spirulina (sea algae)

Question 43

Why is folate supplementation recommended for women one month before conception and during the first trimester of pregnancy? 

A) To reduce the risk of gestational diabetes 
B) To prevent severe morning sickness 
C) To prevent neural tube defects, such as spina bifida, which may occur during the early weeks of pregnancy. 
D) To help reduce the risk of iron-deficient anemia. 
E) To help ensure a healthy maternal weight gain during pregnancy.

Question 44

How much more available to the body is synthetic folate than naturally occurring folate? 

A) 0.7 times more available 
B) 1.2 times more available 
C) 1.5 times more available 
D) 1.7 times more available 
E) 2.5 times more available

Question 45

Of these foods,which one is the best source of folate per kcalorie? 

A) Strawberries 
B) Asparagus 
C) Fortified cornflakes 
D) Eggs 
E) Peanut butter

Question 46

Another name for folate is ________.

A) pyridoxamine 
B) glutamic acid 
C) folic acid 
D) foliage 
E) DFE

Question 47

From which amino acid can choline be made? 

A) Leucine 
B) Tryptophan 
C) Hydroxyproline 
D) Methionine 
E) Hydroxylysine

Question 48

How long can it take for the symptoms of vitamin B12 symptoms to develop,if a person,say,a new vegetarian,was to suddenly stop eating animal products? 

A) 1 week 
B) 1 month 
C) Several months 
D) 1 year 
E) Several years

Question 49

High intakes of folate can mask a deficiency of which nutrient? 

A) Iron 
B) Vitamin A 
C) Thiamin 
D) Potassium 
E) Vitamin B12

Question 50

Which of the following is not true of vitamin B12 

A) It is found almost exclusively in animal-derived foods. 
B) It converts folate to its active form. 
C) It helps maintain nerve cells. 
D) It depends on intrinsic factor for absorption. 
E) It works closely with thiamin.

Question 51

Atrophic gastritis is a chronic condition in which _____.

A) the stomach muscles shrink 
B) The stomach becomes inflamed 
C) The small intestine becomes inflamed 
D) Various stretches of the GI tract become inflamed 
E) The gallbladder excretes too much bile into the small intestine

Question 52

Which group is more prone to vitamin B12 deficiency? 

A) Older adults 
B) Teenagers 
C) Infants 
D) Cigarette smokers 
E) Athletes

Question 53

Because of the way in which the body handles folate,a folate deficiency can occur if ___________.

A) the GI tract is injured 
B) intrinsic factor is lacking 
C) the pancreas is injured 
D) part of the stomach has been removed 
E) anemia exists.

Question 54

Scurvy,the deficiency disease of vitamin C,is _____.

A) a condition that was first recognized in mountain climbers 
B) a condition whose treatment wasn't discovered until the early 1900s 
C) a condition whose symptoms start to appear within three days of the deficiency in the diet 
D) usually cured within five days of beginning treatment with 100 milligrams of vitamin C daily 
E) A particular problem for alcoholics

Question 55

What is the main cause of vitamin B12 deficiency? 

A) Inadequate intake 
B) Poor absorption 
C) Impaired folate metabolism 
D) Excessive intrinsic factor 
E) Weight loss

Question 56

Which of the following is not true of folate? 

A) It comes in two forms. 
B) It is involved in DNA synthesis. 
C) Its bioavailability is the same whatever the source. 
D) It is involved in converting vitamin B12 to one of its coenzyme forms. 
E) It regenerates the amino acid methionine from homocysteine.

Question 57

Of these foods,which is not a good source of folate? 

A) Milk 
B) Legumes 
C) Breakfast cereals 
D) Green, leafy vegetables 
E) Fruits

Question 58

With which B vitamin does folate have a close relationship? 

A) Biotin 
B) Thiamin 
C) Vitamin B6 
D) Ascorbic acid 
E) Vitamin B12

Question 59

Fortification of grain products with folate has helped reduce the prevalence rate of neural tube defects,as well as the prevalence of _______.

A) heart attacks 
B) macrocytic anemia 
C) strokes 
D) some cancers 
E) blood clots

Question 60

Vitamin B6 deficiency is characterized by ____.

A) Depression and confusion in the early stages 
B) Numbness and muscle damage 
C) Macrocytic anemia 
D) Convulsions in the early stages 
E) Purplish tongue

Question 61

MATCHING
a.Pork
b.Corn
c.Milk and milk products
d.Folate
e.Biotin
f.Nicotinic acid (Niacin)
g.Choline
h.Anemia
i.Collagen
j.Thiamin
k.Antioxidants
l.Cheilosis
m.Vitamin B6
n.Vitamin B12
o.Tryptophan
p.Citrus fruits
q.Vitamin C
r.Intrinsic factor
s.Riboflavin
t.Pantothenic acid
Greatest contributor of riboflavin for most people

Question 62

Which type of supplement is particularly toxic and has caused deaths in children? 

A) Iron supplements 
B) Calcium supplements 
C) Vitamin E supplements 
D) Vitamin D supplements 
E) Folate supplements

Question 63

Which of the following is not known to increase vitamin C needs? 

A) Chronic use of oral contraceptives 
B) Infections 
C) Burns 
D) Physical activity 
E) Cigarette smoking

Question 64

Which of the following is symptom of scurvy? 

A) Purplish tongue 
B) Poor wound healing 
C) Edema 
D) Hair loss 
E) Oily skin

Question 65

The RDA for vitamin C _____.

A) Is the same for men and women 
B) Can be met in one serving of many fruits and vegetables 
C) Is 60 milligrams a day for women 
D) Is based on iron requirements 
E) Is slightly lower for cigarette smokers

Question 66

Which of the following is a function of vitamin C? 

A) It helps form collagen. 
B) It is involved in energy metabolism. 
C) It helps rid the body of antioxidants. 
D) It helps rid the body of excess iron. 
E) It aids in the digestion of fat.

Question 67

The synthesis of collagen requires vitamin C to work with what other nutrient? 

A) Vitamin K 
B) zinc 
C) Iron 
D) Magnesium 
E) Vitamin A

Question 68

MATCHING
a.Pork
b.Corn
c.Milk and milk products
d.Folate
e.Biotin
f.Nicotinic acid (Niacin)
g.Choline
h.Anemia
i.Collagen
j.Thiamin
k.Antioxidants
l.Cheilosis
m.Vitamin B6
n.Vitamin B12
o.Tryptophan
p.Citrus fruits
q.Vitamin C
r.Intrinsic factor
s.Riboflavin
t.Pantothenic acid
Large doses can raise HDL cholesterol

Question 69

MATCHING
a.Pork
b.Corn
c.Milk and milk products
d.Folate
e.Biotin
f.Nicotinic acid (Niacin)
g.Choline
h.Anemia
i.Collagen
j.Thiamin
k.Antioxidants
l.Cheilosis
m.Vitamin B6
n.Vitamin B12
o.Tryptophan
p.Citrus fruits
q.Vitamin C
r.Intrinsic factor
s.Riboflavin
t.Pantothenic acid
Deficiency of this vitamin is induced by feeding raw egg whites

Question 70

MATCHING
a.Pork
b.Corn
c.Milk and milk products
d.Folate
e.Biotin
f.Nicotinic acid (Niacin)
g.Choline
h.Anemia
i.Collagen
j.Thiamin
k.Antioxidants
l.Cheilosis
m.Vitamin B6
n.Vitamin B12
o.Tryptophan
p.Citrus fruits
q.Vitamin C
r.Intrinsic factor
s.Riboflavin
t.Pantothenic acid
Caused by riboflavin deficiency and characterized by cracks and redness at corners of mouth

Question 71

MATCHING
a.Pork
b.Corn
c.Milk and milk products
d.Folate
e.Biotin
f.Nicotinic acid (Niacin)
g.Choline
h.Anemia
i.Collagen
j.Thiamin
k.Antioxidants
l.Cheilosis
m.Vitamin B6
n.Vitamin B12
o.Tryptophan
p.Citrus fruits
q.Vitamin C
r.Intrinsic factor
s.Riboflavin
t.Pantothenic acid
Richest food source of thiamin

Question 72

MATCHING
a.Pork
b.Corn
c.Milk and milk products
d.Folate
e.Biotin
f.Nicotinic acid (Niacin)
g.Choline
h.Anemia
i.Collagen
j.Thiamin
k.Antioxidants
l.Cheilosis
m.Vitamin B6
n.Vitamin B12
o.Tryptophan
p.Citrus fruits
q.Vitamin C
r.Intrinsic factor
s.Riboflavin
t.Pantothenic acid
A low-protein diet centered on this food that once caused widespread pellagra in the U.S.South

Question 73

About what percentage of U.S.adults take a multivitamin-mineral supplement regularly? 

A) 20 
B) 30 
C) 50 
D) 60 
E) 65

Question 74

MATCHING
a.Pork
b.Corn
c.Milk and milk products
d.Folate
e.Biotin
f.Nicotinic acid (Niacin)
g.Choline
h.Anemia
i.Collagen
j.Thiamin
k.Antioxidants
l.Cheilosis
m.Vitamin B6
n.Vitamin B12
o.Tryptophan
p.Citrus fruits
q.Vitamin C
r.Intrinsic factor
s.Riboflavin
t.Pantothenic acid
Vitamin whose principal active form is part of coenzyme A (CoA)

Question 75

MATCHING
a.Pork
b.Corn
c.Milk and milk products
d.Folate
e.Biotin
f.Nicotinic acid (Niacin)
g.Choline
h.Anemia
i.Collagen
j.Thiamin
k.Antioxidants
l.Cheilosis
m.Vitamin B6
n.Vitamin B12
o.Tryptophan
p.Citrus fruits
q.Vitamin C
r.Intrinsic factor
s.Riboflavin
t.Pantothenic acid
Nutrient whose deficiency causes beriberi

Question 76

MATCHING
a.Pork
b.Corn
c.Milk and milk products
d.Folate
e.Biotin
f.Nicotinic acid (Niacin)
g.Choline
h.Anemia
i.Collagen
j.Thiamin
k.Antioxidants
l.Cheilosis
m.Vitamin B6
n.Vitamin B12
o.Tryptophan
p.Citrus fruits
q.Vitamin C
r.Intrinsic factor
s.Riboflavin
t.Pantothenic acid
Also known as vitamin B2

Question 77

Which federal agency regulates dietary supplements? 

A) U.S. Department of Agriculture 
B) U.S. Public Health Service 
C) Centers for Disease Control 
D) Food and Drug Administration 
E) Federal Trade Commission

Question 78

What organ in the body contains more vitamin C than any other organ? 

A) Lungs 
B) Spleen 
C) Adrenal glands 
D) Pituitary gland 
E) Kidneys

Question 79

MATCHING
a.Pork
b.Corn
c.Milk and milk products
d.Folate
e.Biotin
f.Nicotinic acid (Niacin)
g.Choline
h.Anemia
i.Collagen
j.Thiamin
k.Antioxidants
l.Cheilosis
m.Vitamin B6
n.Vitamin B12
o.Tryptophan
p.Citrus fruits
q.Vitamin C
r.Intrinsic factor
s.Riboflavin
t.Pantothenic acid
Precursor of niacin

Question 80

Of the following foods,which one is the best source of vitamin C? 

A) Whole-grain bread 
B) Strawberries 
C) Pork 
D) Cottage cheese 
E) Potatoes