Question 1

One of the paper - and - pencil tests that reveals deficits in the memories of patients with Tourette's syndrome is the _____ test.&#10;A) Wechsler IQ&#10;B) draw-a-man&#10;C) Rey Complex-Figure&#10;D) backward digits

Accepted Answer

The Rey Complex-Figure test is a commonly used paper-and-pencil test to assess visual-spatial memory and visuoconstructional abilities. Studies have shown that patients with Tourette's syndrome exhibit deficits in visuospatial abilities, making the Rey Complex-Figure test a valuable tool in assessing their memory functioning. The other three tests listed do not specifically target visuospatial memory deficits associated with Tourette's syndrome.

Question 2

Schizophrenia and Huntington's disease are both thought to involve abnormalities in the _____ - secreting systems of the brain.&#10;A) acetylcholine&#10;B) glutamate&#10;C) GABA&#10;D) dopamine

Accepted Answer

glutamate

Question 3

Which is TRUE regarding BDNF?&#10;A) It is upregulated by antidepressant medication.&#10;B) It is underregulated by stress hormones.&#10;C) It disrupts networks involving parietal and medial temporal regions.&#10;D) It decreases glutamate uptake sites in the cingulate cortex.

Accepted Answer

BDNF is upregulated by antidepressant medication and is thought to contribute to their therapeutic effects.

Answer: B
 Stress hormones can decrease the expression and function of BDNF, which may contribute to the negative effects of stress on mood and cognition.

Answer: None of the answer choices (C and D) are true.
 There is no evidence that BDNF disrupts networks involving parietal and medial temporal regions or that it decreases glutamate uptake sites in the cingulate cortex.

Question 4

The positive symptoms of Parkinson's disease include all of the following EXCEPT _____.&#10;A) tremor at rest&#10;B) disorders of posture&#10;C) muscular rigidity&#10;D) involuntary movements

Accepted Answer

The positive symptoms of Parkinson's disease include tremor at rest, muscular rigidity, and involuntary movements, but not disorders of posture.

Question 5

Which is NOT classified as an anxiety disorder?&#10;A) panic disorder&#10;B) schizophrenia&#10;C) obsessive-compulsive disorder&#10;D) social phobia

Accepted Answer

Schizophrenia is not classified as an anxiety disorder but rather as a psychotic disorder.

Question 6

Parkinson's disease is the result of the degeneration of the _____.&#10;A) orbital frontal cortex&#10;B) hippocampus&#10;C) substantia nigra&#10;D) premotor cortex

Accepted Answer

Parkinson's disease is the result of the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, which leads to a decrease in dopamine levels in the brain and the characteristic motor symptoms of the disease. The other brain regions listed are not primarily affected in Parkinson's disease.

Question 7

Which symptom of Parkinson's disease can manifest as a lack of blinking, blank facial expression, difficulty making repetitive movements, or the absence of rigidity?&#10;A) akinesia&#10;B) disorder of locomotion&#10;C) disorder of righting&#10;D) disturbance of speech

Accepted Answer

Akinesia, or the inability to initiate voluntary movements, can cause a lack of blinking, blank facial expression, difficulty making repetitive movements, and absence of rigidity in Parkinson's disease.

Question 8

The root cause of Huntington's disease has been identified as _____.&#10;A) damage to GABA neurons resulting from brain trauma&#10;B) shrinkage of the cortex due to stress hormones&#10;C) a dominant autosomal gene with complete penetrance&#10;D) a recessive sex-linked gene that is linked to the dopamine system

Accepted Answer

Huntington's disease is caused by a dominant autosomal gene with complete penetrance, meaning that if someone inherits the gene, they will develop the disease. It affects the central nervous system, leading to cognitive decline, motor dysfunction, and psychiatric symptoms.

Question 9

This former director of the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) has suggested that the high levels of comorbidity and twin studies suggest clustering of fear - based anxiety disorders and depression.

A) Daniel Weinberger
B) Steven Hyman
C) David Lewis
D) Barbara Lipska

Accepted Answer

Steven Hyman is a former director of the NIMH and has suggested that fear-based anxiety disorders and depression cluster together based on high levels of comorbidity and twin studies. Daniel Weinberger, David Lewis, and Barbara Lipska are also prominent figures in the field of mental health but have not specifically made this suggestion.

Question 10

Neuritic plaques are one of the brain entities found in _____ disease.&#10;A) Alzheimer's disease&#10;B) Huntington's disease&#10;C) Wilson's disease&#10;D) Tourette's syndrome&#10;

Accepted Answer

Neuritic plaques are one of the hallmark features of Alzheimer's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory loss, cognitive impairment, and behavioral problems. These plaques consist of clumps of a protein called beta-amyloid that accumulate between brain cells, disrupting their communication and leading to cell death.

Question 11

The abnormal movements seen in adults with Huntington's disease are thought to be caused by the hyperactivity of neurons secreting _____.&#10;A) dopamine&#10;B) acetylcholine&#10;C) GABA&#10;D) B-APP

Accepted Answer

The answer of The abnormal movements seen in adults with...

Question 12

Which region shows a decrease in blood flow and metabolism in depressed patients?&#10;A) the amygdala&#10;B) the medial thalamus&#10;C) the ventromedial prefrontal area&#10;D) the orbital prefrontal area

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which region shows a decrease in blood...

Question 13

At the peak of psychosurgery's popularity as a therapy for mental disease, there were an estimated _____ psychosurgeries performed in the United States (1936-1978).&#10;A) 200,000&#10;B) 35,000&#10;C) 3 million&#10;D) 147

Accepted Answer

The answer of At the peak of psychosurgery's popularity as...

Question 14

Examination of the Wisconsin Card - Sorting Test with schizophrenics suggests abnormalities in _____.&#10;A) motor programming&#10;B) prefrontal cortex structure and function&#10;C) visual processing&#10;D) dopamine metabolism

Accepted Answer

The answer of Examination of the Wisconsin Card - Sorting...

Question 15

Post and Weiss hypothesized that in bipolar patients, mood - disorder episodes are initially _____.&#10;A) spontaneous and unrelated to external events&#10;B) precipitated by psychosocial stressors&#10;C) very rapid, cycling daily&#10;D) not effectively treated by medication

Accepted Answer

The answer of Post and Weiss hypothesized that in bipolar...

Deck 27: Extension: C - Psychiatric and Related Disorders