Question 1

Which would be a case of complete recovery rather than compensation?&#10;A) a patient with hemianopia who redirects his gaze so that visual stimuli fall in the unaffected part of his visual field&#10;B) an infant whose language functions are lateralized to the right hemisphere, at a cost to right-hemisphere function&#10;C) a cat that is able to regain prior levels of agility following the amputation of a leg&#10;D) a posttrauma head-injury patient who no longer demonstrates sensitivity to bright lights, numbness of the body, or speech difficulty

Accepted Answer

A complete recovery would mean that the patient no longer demonstrates any symptoms related to the head injury, such as sensitivity to bright light, numbness of the body, or speech difficulty. The other options involve compensation strategies or adaptations to a deficit, rather than a full restoration of function.

Question 2

Which factor decreases cell proliferation in hippocampal granule cells?&#10;A) adrenalectomy&#10;B) reduced daylight&#10;C) running-wheel activity&#10;D) adrenal steroids

Accepted Answer

Adrenal steroids have been shown to decrease cell proliferation in hippocampal granule cells. Adrenalectomy (A) results in a decrease in adrenal steroid production, leading to an increase in cell proliferation. Reduced daylight (B) and running-wheel activity (C) have not been specifically shown to affect cell proliferation in hippocampal granule cells.

Question 3

According to Teuber's research with wounded war veterans, which type of deficit shows the least recovery?&#10;A) somatosensory&#10;B) motor&#10;C) visual&#10;D) auditory

Accepted Answer

Teuber's research with wounded war veterans showed that somatosensory deficits showed the least recovery compared to other deficits such as motor, visual, and auditory.

Question 4

Among the changes that take place following a stroke, which is the last to appear?&#10;A) inflammation&#10;B) mRNA stimulation&#10;C) ionic changes&#10;D) protein production

Accepted Answer

The answer of Among the changes that take place following...

Question 5

Following limb amputations, the original map of the missing limb has been found to _____.&#10;A) disappear slowly over time&#10;B) become relocated to other body regions&#10;C) remain more or less constant&#10;D) appear intact, but in the other hemisphere

Accepted Answer

Following limb amputations, the brain's original map of the missing limb can become relocated to other body regions. This phenomenon is part of the brain's plasticity, where areas adjacent to the representation of the amputated limb can take over its function, leading to sensations that the missing limb is being stimulated when actually adjacent areas are.

Question 6

Which type of therapy for brain injury involves stimulating the production of new neurons in the brain?&#10;A) constraint-induced movement therapy&#10;B) community neurorehabilitation&#10;C) stem-cell induction&#10;D) pharmacological therapy

Accepted Answer

Stem-cell induction involves the use of stem cells to stimulate the production of new neurons in the brain. This therapy has shown promise in animal studies and is currently being researched for use in humans with brain injuries. Constraint-induced movement therapy involves repetitive training of the affected limb to improve function, community neurorehabilitation involves a multidisciplinary approach to rehabilitation in a community setting, and pharmacological therapy involves the use of drugs to treat specific symptoms or conditions.

Question 7

For young patients in Blakemore and Falconer's paired - associates study of 86 temporal - lobectomy patients, deficits lasted for how long?&#10;A) 3 to 6 months&#10;B) 6 to 18 months&#10;C) 2 to 3 years&#10;D) 5 to 8 years

Accepted Answer

The answer of For young patients in Blakemore and Falconer's...

Question 8

_____ is a progressive degenerative disease that is found in individuals with a history of multiple concussions and other closed - head injuries that is characterized by neurofibrillary tangles, plaques, and cerebral atrophy and expanded ventricles due to cell loss.

A) Caenorhabditis elegans
B) Chronic traumatic encephalopathy
C) Focal hand dystonia
D) Kindling

Accepted Answer

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a progressive degenerative disease that affects individuals with a history of multiple concussions or other closed-head injuries. The condition is characterized by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles, plaques, and cerebral atrophy, which lead to the expansion of ventricles due to cell loss. CTE can cause a range of neurological symptoms, including memory loss, depression, aggression, and suicidal behavior.

A) Caenorhabditis elegans: This is a species of roundworm commonly used in research for studying genetics and developmental biology.

C) Focal hand dystonia: This is a neurological condition that affects the hand and causes involuntary muscle contractions, leading to abnormal movements or postures.

D) Kindling: This is a phenomenon observed in some individuals with epilepsy, where repeated episodes of seizures can cause an increase in the frequency and severity of subsequent seizures.

Question 9

How do the motions of stroke patients generally compare with the motions of control subjects?&#10;A) The stroke patients activate much smaller areas of the cortex.&#10;B) The stroke patients activate comparable areas of the cortex.&#10;C) The stroke patients activate much larger areas of the cortex.&#10;D) The stroke patients activate cortical regions in different lobes.

Accepted Answer

Stroke patients often activate much larger areas of the cortex than control subjects during movement. This is believed to be a compensatory mechanism to recruit additional neural resources due to the damage caused by the stroke.

Question 10

What is the development of persistent seizure activity after repeated exposure to an initially subconvulsant stimulus?&#10;A) focal hand dystonia&#10;B) long-term potentiation&#10;C) taste aversion learning&#10;D) kindling

Accepted Answer

The development of persistent seizure activity after repeated exposure to an initially subconvulsant stimulus is referred to as kindling. This process involves a progressive increase in sensitivity of the brain to the stimulus, leading to the development of seizures.

Question 11

The phenomenon of long - term potentiation involves measuring the size of the _____ following high - frequency stimulation.&#10;A) nerve impulse&#10;B) EPSP&#10;C) dendritic tree&#10;D) absolute refractory period

Accepted Answer

The answer of The phenomenon of long - term potentiation...

Question 12

Overall, recovery from brain damage seems less likely if the patient is _____.&#10;A) young&#10;B) intelligent&#10;C) optimistic&#10;D) elderly

Accepted Answer

The answer of Overall, recovery from brain damage seems less...

Question 13

Which factor decreases cell proliferation in hippocampal granule cells?&#10;A) dentate gyrus lesions&#10;B) Prozac&#10;C) adrenalectomy&#10;D) aging

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which factor decreases cell proliferation in hippocampal...

Question 14

The type of therapeutic intervention that is directed toward improving a patient's daily difficulty in finding their way home would be?&#10;A) cognitive rehabilitation&#10;B) behavioral remediation&#10;C) movement therapy&#10;D) social interaction

Accepted Answer

The answer of The type of therapeutic intervention that is...

Question 15

_____ is the loss of motor control of one or more digits because of increased muscle tone.&#10;A) Focal hand dystonia&#10;B) Long-term potentiation&#10;C) Metaplasticity&#10;D) Kindling

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ is the loss of motor control...

Deck 25: Extension: C - Plasticity, Recovery, and Rehabilitation of the Adult Brain