Question 1

The absence of cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, and midbrain is called _____.&#10;A) heterotopia&#10;B) anencephaly&#10;C) microencephaly&#10;D) lissencephaly

Accepted Answer

The absence of cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, and midbrain is called anencephaly, which is a serious neural tube defect that occurs during fetal development. Heterotopia refers to the presence of brain tissue in abnormal locations, while microencephaly and lissencephaly are conditions characterized by small brain size and smooth brain surface, respectively.

Question 2

Which CANNOT be seen in rats after exposure to complex environments?&#10;A) an increased density of glial cells&#10;B) an increased length of dendrites&#10;C) an increased size of synapses&#10;D) a decreased density of glial cells

Accepted Answer

The study of rat brain development after exposure to complex environments has consistently found an increase in the density of glial cells, dendritic length, and synaptic size. Therefore, the only option that cannot be seen is a decreased density of glial cells, which contradicts the findings of the studies.

Question 3

Which does NOT contribute to improved recovery after a frontal lesion?&#10;A) tactile stimulation&#10;B) nicotine&#10;C) choline supplements&#10;D) noradrenaline depletion

Accepted Answer

Noradrenaline depletion would not contribute to improved recovery after a frontal lesion as it is important for attention and motivation, and low levels can lead to worsened cognitive function. Tactile stimulation, nicotine, and choline supplements have all been shown to have some potential benefits for recovery after a frontal lesion.

Question 4

Which is NOT a potential way in which the brain's plasticity might support recovery after early injury?&#10;A) generating neurons and glia to replace some lost neurons&#10;B) changing the organization of intact circuits in the brain&#10;C) migrating existing neurons to injured regions of the cortex&#10;D) generating new neural circuits

Accepted Answer

While the brain can generate new neurons and glia, change the organization of intact circuits, and generate new neural circuits, it cannot migrate existing neurons to injured regions of the cortex. Neurons are anchored in place and cannot physically move to a different location within the brain.

Question 5

Studies demonstrate that parietal regions controlling spatial and language abilities mature at which age?&#10;A) 7 to 10 years&#10;B) 11 to 13 years&#10;C) 3 to 5 years&#10;D) 14 to 17 years

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that parietal regions controlling spatial and language abilities mature between the ages of 11 and 13 years.

Question 6

Why do the authors think that a fifth stage of cognitive development not identified by Piaget occurs in later adolescence?&#10;A) the emergence of increased sexual activity at that time&#10;B) the importance of modern forms of education&#10;C) the presence of a brain-growth spurt at that time&#10;D) the increased ability to learn a foreign language at that time

Accepted Answer

The authors suggest that a fifth stage of cognitive development occurs in later adolescence because of the presence of a brain-growth spurt at that time. This growth spurt allows for increased neural connections and more complex thinking abilities.

Question 7

The Piaget stage of cognitive development, characterized by the ability to reason abstractly, is called the _____ stage and occurs around the age(s) of _____.&#10;A) formal operational; 12&#10;B) concrete operational; 12&#10;C) formal operational; 7 to 11&#10;D) concrete operational; 7 to 11

Accepted Answer

The formal operational stage is characterized by the ability to reason abstractly and think hypothetically, and typically occurs around age 12 and beyond. This is the final stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

Question 8

The development of axons can be disrupted by _____.&#10;A) genetics&#10;B) cell body rotation&#10;C) dendritic arborization&#10;D) dystonia

Accepted Answer

Genetics can play a significant role in the development of axons, as genetic mutations or abnormalities can disrupt normal axonal growth and function.

Question 9

Which disorder is LEAST likely to be seen following left - hemisphere lesions in childhood?&#10;A) acalculia&#10;B) writing disorders&#10;C) mutism&#10;D) articulatory disorders

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which disorder is LEAST likely to be...

Question 10

In primates, puberty is marked by a _____.&#10;A) stabilization of existing synapses&#10;B) rapid increase in the number of synapses&#10;C) rapid loss of synapses&#10;D) change in the location of many synapses

Accepted Answer

Puberty in primates is marked by a rapid loss of synapses due to a process called synaptic pruning, which helps to refine and strengthen existing neural connections. This pruning process is particularly important for the development of executive functions, such as decision-making and impulse control.

Question 11

Which is the last to occur in the development of the brain?&#10;A) cell maturation&#10;B) cell migration&#10;C) synaptogenesis&#10;D) myelogenesis

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which is the last to occur in...

Question 12

The results of Bachevalier and Mishkin's studies in infant monkeys suggest that the most severe autistic behavior occurs for lesions in which location?&#10;A) area TE&#10;B) the medial temporal area&#10;C) the amygdala and entorhinal cortex&#10;D) the parahippocampal gyrus and hippocampus

Accepted Answer

The answer of The results of Bachevalier and Mishkin's studies...

Question 13

The BEST analogy for the function of radial glial cells in the migration of brain cells is made with _____.&#10;A) vehicles&#10;B) maps&#10;C) roads&#10;D) service stations

Accepted Answer

The answer of The BEST analogy for the function of...

Question 14

When comparing right - hemisphere lesions that occur before age 1 with those that occur between ages 1 and 5, which is TRUE?&#10;A) The younger children show more impaired verbal and performance IQ.&#10;B) The younger children show less impaired verbal and performance IQ.&#10;C) The younger children show more impaired verbal IQ but less impaired performance IQ.&#10;D) The younger children show more impaired performance IQ but less impaired verbal IQ.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When comparing right - hemisphere lesions that...

Question 15

The Hubel and Wiesel experiments demonstrate that visual experience is necessary to _____ functional connections in the brain.&#10;A) form&#10;B) validate&#10;C) myelinate&#10;D) differentiate

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Hubel and Wiesel experiments demonstrate that...

Deck 23: Extension: C - Brain Development and Plasticity