Deck 11: Psychological Disorders: More Than Everyday Problems

Question 1

Any pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress, causes harm to others, or harms their ability to function in daily life is called___________.

A) a psychological disorder
B) humors
C) stress syndrome
D) adaptive behavior

Answer 1

a psychological disorder

Question 2

Dr. Nwoambi is a psychologist who is currently evaluating a new client. Dr. Nwoambi would most likely refer to the _________ to assist her in diagnosing her client's psychological disorder.

A) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
B) Physician's Desk Reference
C) Textbook of Psychological Disorders
D) Textbook of Physiological Disorders

Answer 2

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Question 3

In the context of psychological disorders, disability is synonymous with ________.

A) impairment
B) depression
C) danger
D) distress

Answer 3

impairment

Question 4

The term "psychological disorder" is often used interchangeably with the term________.

A) physiological illness
B) mental distress
C) psychiatric disorder
D) psychophysiological disorder

Question 5

An individual who experiences zar is ________.

A) deviant
B) probably from the Middle East
C) probably a Pentecostal
D) putting others' lives at risk

Question 6

Each axis in the DSM represents ________.

A) a different ethnic group
B) a different type of psychology
C) a different method of treatment
D) a different type of information

Question 7

DSM stands for ________.

A) Diagrammatic and Statistical Manual
B) Deviance and Sadism Manual
C) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
D) Developmental Sickness Model

Question 8

Which of the following is part of the definition of a psychological disorder?

A) suicidal tendencies
B) distress
C) eccentricity
D) homicidal tendencies

Question 9

Homosexuality ________.

A) is still technically considered a mental disorder in the United States
B) was officially considered a mental disorder in the United States until the early 1920s
C) was officially considered a mental disorder in the United States until the early 1970s
D) is officially classified as a deviant, borderline mental disorder in the United States as of the early 1970s

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Hallucinations always indicate a psychological disorder.
B) Delusions never indicate a psychological disorder.
C) Psychosis is not considered abnormal unless the person causes harm to another person.
D) Behaviors that are merely deviant from the mainstream culture are not considered to be "disordered."

Question 11

The primary purpose of the DSM-IV-TR is to _____.

A) help psychologists assess only normal behavior
B) keep the number of diagnostic categories of mental disorders to a minimum
C) help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders
D) describe the causes of common physiological disorders

Question 12

False beliefs held by a person who refuses to accept evidence of their falseness are known as ______.

A) delusions
B) hallucinations
C) obsessions
D) compulsions

Question 13

The definition of a psychological disorder takes into account ________.

A) distress only
B) danger only
C) disability only
D) distress, disability, and danger

Question 14

An entrenched false belief is known as ________.

A) psychosis
B) deviance
C) a hallucination
D) a delusion

Question 15

As part of a fraternity initiation ritual, Saul is instructed to interrupt a school basketball game by running on the court naked while singing the nursery rhyme "Twinkle Twinkle Little Star." Saul's behavior illustrates ________.

A) psychosis
B) distress
C) disability
D) deviance

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true about the DSM-IV-TR?

A) It describes symptoms and specific criteria for diagnosis.
B) It lists information regarding symptoms but does not include a checklist of criteria that must be met for diagnosis.
C) It is used to diagnose medical conditions that may have an impact on mental health.
D) It is used to diagnose all kinds of medical conditions.

Question 17

_______is used to help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders.

A) The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
B) The Physician's Desk Reference
C) The Textbook of Psychological Disorders
D) The Textbook of Physiological Disorders

Question 18

Another name for sensory images so vivid that they seem real is ________.

A) hallucinations
B) delusions
C) zar
D) neologisms

Question 19

Whenever Greta thinks about her life, she automatically bursts into tears. This example most clearly illustrates the impact of ________ in psychological disorders.

A) distress
B) defensiveness
C) denial
D) disability

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of distress?

A) hearing voices that no one else can hear
B) worrying about everything most of the time
C) feeling that one is better than everyone else
D) deciding that rules are for suckers and that you don't have to obey them as long as you don't get caught

Question 21

If you had an experience where you almost fell from a high place, being far off the ground in the future could elicit strong feelings of fear and turn into a phobia. This would explain a mental illness using _________ conditioning.

A) operant
B) vicarious
C) observational
D) classical

Question 22

The fact that Vincent Van Gogh's brother committed suicide just a year after Vincent did, and suffered from anxiety and depression symptoms, suggests that there is a ________ component to the mental illnesses that may exist in a person.

A) genetic
B) neurological
C) psychodynamic
D) humanistic

Question 23

A diathesis is a ________.

A) specific gene
B) predisposition to a disorder
C) stressor
D) form of mental illness

Question 24

Axis III of the DSM-IV-TR includes_____________.

A) physical or medical conditions that affect a person's psychological adjustment
B) all psychological disorders except personality disorders
C) information about problems in the person's life that might affect adjustment, such as death of a loved one
D) an overall judgment made by the psychological professional of the person's mental health and adjustment based on a scale from 0 to 100

Question 25

Ancient Greeks believed that abnormal behaviors came about due to ________.

A) punishment from evil spirits
B) an imbalance of the body's four fluids
C) disease or damage to the brain
D) an immoral childhood upbringing

Question 26

At the level of the person, what can help explain some psychological disorders?

A) culture
B) society
C) operant conditioning
D) natural disasters

Question 27

The most recent version of the DSM is the ________.

A) DSM-I
B) DSM-IV-TR
C) DSM-VI
D) DSM-VI-R

Question 28

Axis I of the DSM-IV-TR consists of_____________.

A) global assessment of functioning
B) clinical disorders and other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention
C) psychosocial and environmental problems
D) personality disorders and mental retardation

Question 29

Axis II of the DSM-IV-TR consists of_____________.

A) global assessment of functioning
B) clinical disorders and other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention
C) psychosocial and environmental problems
D) personality disorders and mental retardation

Question 30

Which of the following is a disorder that takes the form of a bodily ailment that has no physical cause?

A) anxiety
B) somatoform
C) dissociative
D) psychophysiological

Question 31

The most recent edition of the DSM has 17 major categories of disorders. Which category directly pertains to disorders of feelings?

A) substance-related
B) mood
C) eating
D) adjustment

Question 32

Steve's psychiatrist notes that Steve is experiencing a disruption of the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, and identity. Therefore, Steve most likely has a(n).________ disorder.

A) schizophrenic
B) adjustment
C) dissociative
D) impulse-control

Question 33

Axis IV of the DSM-IV-TR includes_____________.

A) all physical disorders that affect a person's psychological adjustment
B) all psychological disorders except personality disorders
C) information about problems in the person's life that might affect adjustment, such as death of a loved one
D) an overall judgment made by the psychological professional of the person's mental health and adjustment based on a scale from 0 to 100

Question 34

If Jerry has some sort of psychological disorder about which there are relevant social and/or environmental problems, then his clinician will likely note those problems on Axis ________ of the DSM-based diagnosis.

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV

Question 35

Ancient Greeks believed imbalances in ________ caused abnormality, while people living during the 17th century in New England believed it was caused by ________. However, many contemporary psychologists try to understand psychological disorders in terms of the________ model.

A) evil; water; biopsychosocial
B) behavior; evil; ecological
C) bile; exposure; psychodynamic
D) bodily fluids; the devil; biopsychosocial

Question 36

Which of the following is one of the bodily fluids that ancient Greeks linked to abnormal behaviors?

A) ear wax
B) urine
C) black bile
D) saliva

Question 37

Seetra is seeing a therapist for the first time. Her psychologist notes that her severe facial acne may contribute significantly to her depressive symptoms, since her high school classmates tend to be mean about her pimples. On which axis of a DSM diagnosis would Seetra's acne be noted?

A) Axis I
B) Axis II
C) Axis III
D) Axis IV

Question 38

The DSM has five ________ that are types of information that should be considered in the assessment of a patient.

A) axes
B) diagnoses
C) disorders
D) superfactors

Question 39

Seetra is seeing a therapist for the first time. Her psychologist notes that her severe facial acne may contribute significantly to her depressive symptoms, since her high school classmates tend to be mean about her pimples. On which axis of a DSM diagnosis would Seetra's difficulties with her classmates be noted?

A) Axis I
B) Axis II
C) Axis III
D) Axis IV

Question 40

Which of the following is a criticism of the most recent version of the DSM?

A) There are far too few disorders included in the manual.
B) Categories define medical problems as psychological disorders.
C) The manual provides too loose of a boundary between normal and abnormal behavior.
D) The manual takes into consideration cultural factors

Question 41

Bipolar disorder is ________.

A) unrelated to hypomania
B) not associated with experiencing depression
C) found in roughly 5 to 10% of all Americans
D) typically marked by at least one manic or hypomanic episode

Question 42

Layla has been struggling with depressive symptoms for several months. Her coworkers and her supervisor have all noticed that even though she makes it to work, she is often distracted, is not social, does not get her work done on time, and makes an unusually high number of errors. Based on what your textbook presents, we could say Layla has a high level of ________ at work.

A) psychoticism
B) diathesis
C) presenteeism
D) absenteeism

Question 43

What is the approximate lifetime prevalence for major depressive disorder in the United States?

A) 20% of people will experience it in their lifetimes.
B) 30% of people will experience it in their lifetimes.
C) 40% of people will experience it in their lifetimes.
D) 50% of people will experience it in their lifetimes.

Question 44

Padma is extremely confident and feels that lately she needs very little sleep. In addition, she reports that her thoughts seem to be going fast-similar to watching three television shows at once. Padma most likely is experiencing ________.

A) a manic episode
B) a dysthymic episode
C) a loss of mental control
D) a psychotic break

Question 45

Which of the following is a characteristic of major depressive disorder?

A) depressed mood that comes and goes frequently
B) diminished interest in daily activities
C) heightened interest in sexual activity
D) an enhanced sense of creativity

Question 46

Among the criteria for major depressive disorder is having a depressed mood for at least________.

A) one week
B) two weeks
C) one month
D) two months

Question 47

________ disorders are marked by persistent or episodic disturbances in emotion that interfere with normal functioning in at least one realm of life.

A) Anxiety
B) Personality
C) Mood
D) Eating

Question 48

An individual who is depressed may have unusually low activity in which part of the brain?

A) the dorsal amygdala
B) the lateral hypothalamus
C) the right parietal lobe
D) the left frontal lobe

Question 49

Major depression, dysthymia, and bipolar disorder are all examples of ______ disorders.

A) neurotic
B) somatoform
C) psychotic
D) mood

Question 50

Which of the following is a common misconception about suicide?

A) People who attempt suicide are "crazy."
B) Talking to people who are suicidal about their thoughts will actually help them in reducing their suicidal impulses.
C) People who commit suicide were often very willing to seek help.
D) Someone determined to commit suicide can be stopped.

Question 51

Mitzula is very scared of bugs, and because she saw one "stinkbug" crawling on the floor of her house last week, she is constantly scanning the house for any sign of more creepy-crawlies. Which kind of maladaptive process or bias is Mitzula demonstrating?

A) She is biased in the attributions that she makes.
B) She is biased in her pattern of thoughts
C) She is biased in what she tends to pay attention to.
D) She is biased in her behaviors.

Question 52

David has just been diagnosed with MDD. As such, he may have which of the following symptoms?

A) a compulsive need to check and recheck things
B) enhanced self-esteem and elation
C) heightened energy
D) intense restlessness

Question 53

The development of a psychological illness can involve influences from family members, peers, or the culture that surrounds us. These factors demonstrate the influence of the level of the ________.

A) individual
B) group
C) personal
D) brain

Question 54

Your authors suggest that major depression affects several different areas of psychological functioning. Which of the following is one of those areas?

A) cognition
B) perception
C) rumination
D) consciousness

Question 55

Which of the following best describes dysthymia?

A) a mild, chronic form of depression
B) a severe, intermittent form of depression
C) a form of depression that affects biological functions such as appetite
D) a form of depression that is very responsive to electroconvulsive therapy

Question 56

According to the diathesis-stress model, which of the following two factors could combine to produce the symptoms of a mental illness?

A) particular ways of thinking and neurotransmitter imbalances
B) genes and abnormal brain structures
C) trauma and abuse
D) neurotransmitter imbalances and culture-related stress

Question 57

Why is it that people from Asian cultures are likely to report increased tiredness, weakness, a sense of "imbalance," and other bodily symptoms when experiencing major depressive disorder?

A) Because the symptoms are much different due to the different herbal remedies that may be utilized.
B) Because cultural surroundings can influence how depression is expressed.
C) Because research has shown that diets that are high in carbohydrates, including the staple of many Asian cultural menus (rice), can cause a "shift" in the symptoms of depression.
D) Because there is a tremendous amount of cultural pressure to hide the real symptoms of any illness, whether it is physical or psychological.

Question 58

The biopsychosocial model takes into account the level(s) of the ________.

A) brain, person, and group
B) brain and person only
C) brain and group only
D) person and group only

Question 59

When a patient arrives in the emergency room, he is restless and irritable with unlimited energy and a rapid rate of speech. The attending psychiatrist believes the patient has taken cocaine or amphetamines and admits him for observation. The next day the symptoms are the same. What condition with symptoms that are similar to those associated with amphetamine use might the psychiatrist now consider as a condition that is relevant to the diagnosis?

A) mania
B) dissociative fugue
C) conversion disorder
D) catatonic schizophrenia

Question 60

Disorders characterized by disturbances in emotion are known as ______ disorders.

A) conversion
B) somatoform
C) mood
D) dissociative

Question 61

Which of the following statements is true about anxiety?

A) It is never considered realistic or normal.
B) Some anxiety is realistic when its source is understandable.
C) It always manifests itself as a disorder.
D) It is unusual for a mentally healthy person to experience anxiety.

Question 62

Which of the following statements most accurately depicts how neurotransmitters affect depression?

A) Researchers do not generally believe that neurotransmitters affect depression.
B) Having too much of certain neurotransmitters causes depression.
C) Some neurotransmitters do not function normally in people with depression.
D) Having either too much or too little of certain neurotransmitters causes depression.

Question 63

Excessive or unrealistic fearfulness and worry are characteristic of ______.

A) mood disorders
B) dissociative neurosis
C) anxiety disorders
D) amnesia

Question 64

The interactional theory of depression (Coyne, 1976) explains the influence of events at the level(s) of ________.

A) brain only
B) person only
C) group only
D) brain, person, and group

Question 65

Which neurotransmitters are most important in the development of mood disorders?

A) GABA, endorphins, and serotonin
B) acetylcholine, serotonin, and GABA
C) dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine
D) norepinephrine, acetylcholine, and serotonin

Question 66

If you were to examine the research conducted by Thomas Joiner, how would you compare the symptoms of depression to a flu or the common cold?

A) Both are spread by a virus, so it is important to practice good hygiene.
B) Both cause your blood pressure to increase significantly during active symptoms.
C) Both necessitate a hefty supply of tissues.
D) Both can be "spread" from one person to another.

Question 67

Aaron Beck (1967) proposed the idea of ________ to explain the negative view of the world, the negative view of themselves, and the negative view of the future in the thoughts of depressed people.

A) cognitive distortions
B) the negative triad
C) the positive triad
D) rumination

Question 68

Attributional style refers to a person's ________.

A) characteristic way of explaining life events
B) accuracy of understanding the causes of certain events
C) sense of how much blame they deserve for problems in their life
D) manner of explaining other's actions

Question 69

Which of the following is an anxiety disorder?

A) bipolar disorder
B) conversion disorder
C) phobic disorder
D) schizophrenia

Question 70

Tara and Sarah are identical twins. If Tara has bipolar disorder, then Sarah has ________.

A) a 100% chance of developing a mood disorder
B) a 100% chance of developing bipolar disorder
C) an 80% chance of developing a mood disorder
D) an 80% chance of developing a bipolar disorder

Question 71

Leo worries all of the time. He worries about his money, his children, and his dog. His muscles are always tense and sore, he has trouble sleeping, is often irritable, and has difficulty concentrating. Leo's symptoms sound most like ______.

A) panic disorder
B) conversion disorder
C) generalized anxiety disorder
D) a dissociative disorder

Question 72

Which of the following factors that contributes to depressive symptoms would be an influence from the level of the group?

A) a deficit of serotonin activity
B) a deficit of norepinephrine activity
C) irrational and self-defeating thought patterns
D) being involved in "punishing" social relationships

Question 73

At the level of the person, research has found that depressed people who live in ________ countries tend to ruminate more about their symptoms than people who live in ________ countries.

A) Roman Catholic; Atheistic
B) developed; non-developed
C) individualistic; collectivist
D) Eastern; Western

Question 74

Which area of the brain is most likely to be affected in a person with depression?

A) temporal lobe
B) parietal lobe
C) frontal lobe
D) occipital lobe

Question 75

A cognitive therapist is working with a depressed client. Which of the following causes is the likely focus of this therapist's intervention?

A) learned behaviors of depression
B) unusual levels of neurotransmitters
C) negative interpretations of life events
D) a superego that is too harsh and strict

Question 76

Which of the following is considered to be a type of anxiety disorder?

A) phobias
B) bipolar disorder
C) pseudologica fantastica
D) dissociative identity disorder

Question 77

According to psychologist Susan Nolen-Hoeksema, differences in depressive symptoms between men and women in developed countries are due to ________.

A) the social "permission" that women are given to be depressed versus the social "prohibition" men are given that prevents them from expressing depressed symptoms
B) the genetic differences in the ways depressive symptoms manifest between the sexes
C) the different stress-response strategies we are taught as children
D) such a variety of factors that it is impossible to speculate on just one or two

Question 78

Aaron Beck proposed that people with depression commit errors in thinking or ________.

A) cognitive distortions
B) rumination
C) positive triad
D) attribution errors

Question 79

Which of the following statements best describes our knowledge of the level of the person in the development if bipolar disorder?

A) We know surprisingly little about how events at the level of the person contribute to the development of bipolar disorder.
B) Research has not been conducted about the effect on bipolar disorder of events at the level of the person.
C) It has been conclusively determined that bipolar disorder is exclusively contributed to by events at the level of the brain and by no events at the level of the person.
D) At the level of the person it has been found that a deficit of serotonin combined with an excess of norepinephrine contributes to the development of bipolar disorder.

Question 80

Which category of disorders is characterized by extreme fear and a vague but persistent sense of foreboding or dread?

A) mood
B) anxiety
C) personality
D) eating