Deck 15: Health Psychology: Challenges for the Future

Question 1

The status differences inherent between traditional providers and their patients may be reflected in the

A) active involvement of patients with their treatment regimens.
B) use of jargon or of baby talk.
C) manner in which patients interrupt medical providers.
D) provider's overestimation of the level of patients' technical understanding.

Answer 1

use of jargon or of baby talk.

Question 2

Patient depersonalization

A) serves no valid medical function.
B) is disturbing to patients but has little effect on the quality of the patient-provider relationship.
C) is disturbing to patients but has no adverse medical effects.
D) can provide emotional protection to the provider.

Answer 2

can provide emotional protection to the provider.

Question 3

You are a consultant who has been hired by an HMO to try to improve patient satisfaction and retention.Based on the research discussed in the text,your most effective recommendation would be to

A) increase the number of specialists.
B) allow patients more personal choice in their primary provider.
C) decrease the annual premium paid.
D) ensure that a patient sees a different doctor during each visit.

Answer 3

allow patients more personal choice in their primary provider.

Question 4

Which of the following is a provider behavior that interferes with provider-patient communication?

A) use of jargon
B) not listening
C) depersonalization
D) All of these.

Question 5

Among the factors that heavily influence patient-provider interactions is the

A) patients' lack of desire to be involved in decisions involving their health.
B) need to induce a patient to follow a treatment plan.
C) patients' lack of expertise about their illness.
D) None of these.

Question 6

When health care provider resort to baby talk it is because they:

A) accurately report that patients' knowledge of medical terms is quite low.
B) underestimate the level of their patients' understanding of medical terms.
C) overestimate the level of their patients' understanding of medical terms.
D) tend to blame themselves for their patients' lack of knowledge of medical terms.

Question 7

The extent of faulty provider-patient communication on patient retention of information is reflected in the fact that up to _______________ cannot repeat their diagnosis and up to _______________ do not understand important details of their illness or treatment.

A) one-half; three-quarters
B) one-third; one-half
C) one-half; one-third
D) one-third; three-quarters

Question 8

Providers have more positive attitudes toward

A) black or Hispanic patients.
B) acutely ill patients.
C) sicker patients.
D) patients with psychological disorders.

Question 9

The technical quality of medical care and the manner in which it is provided are

A) critical determinants of patient satisfaction.
B) important factors in the prevalence of malpractice litigation.
C) important factors in doctor shopping.
D) unrelated.

Question 10

A network of affiliated providers who have agreed to charge preestablished rates for particular services is termed a

A) health maintenance organization (HMO).
B) preferred provider organization (PPO).
C) diagnostic related group (DRG).
D) quality circle (QC).

Question 11

According to the text,one of the changes in the philosophy of health care delivery that affects patient-provider relationships is

A) Western medicine's resistance to nontraditional therapies such as meditation and biofeedback.
B) in response to increased consumerism among patients, medical students become less egalitarian in their relationships with patients during the course of medical training.
C) that provider-patient relationships are becoming more egalitarian.
D) None of these.

Question 12

The philosophy that health is a positive state to be actively achieved,not merely the absence of disease,

A) is not prevalent in Western medicine
B) acknowledges physical and psychological influences but not spiritual influences on health.
C) is holistic health.
D) a traditional therapy in Western medicine.

Question 13

A colleague orientation is most likely to develop

A) when providers include their patients as active partners in their health and medical care.
B) among providers affiliated with a prepaid health care plan.
C) among private providers who are paid directly for fee-for-service care.
D) among providers who are committed to providing a high quality of technical care.

Question 14

Many patients

A) are good judges of the technical quality of the medical care they receive.
B) consider medical treatment to be of high technical quality if the provider is nice.
C) feel that the technical quality of medical care is somewhat more important than the manner in which it is provided.
D) All of these.

Question 15

According to your text,the reason only 54 percent of older patients express high confidence in their physicians may be

A) due to physicians' negative attitudes toward older adults.
B) because older adults don't pay attention to the physician.
C) because older adults in general are suspicious of physicians.
D) because most physicians treat Medicare patients with little respect.

Question 16

The emotion communicated by a physician in interaction with a patient can have a substantial impact on the patient's

A) attitude toward the physician.
B) attitude toward the visit.
C) medical condition.
D) All of these.

Question 17

Rita is trained in traditional nursing and also has received special training in primary care.She is affiliated with a group of private practice physicians,sees her own patients,and provides routine medical care,prescribes treatment,and attends to chronically ill and walk-in patients with a myriad of disorders.Rita is a(n)

A) advanced practice nurse.
B) nurse-practitioner.
C) physician's assistant.
D) clinical nurse specialist.

Question 18

revealed that patient care was highest in

A) private fee-for-service practices.
B) HMOs.
C) PPOs.
D) large medical practices.

Question 19

Patients ______________ show little distortion of the information given by the health care provider.

A) for whom the illness is new
B) who have had the illness before
C) who have little prior information about the illness
D) who believe the illness is serious

Question 20

Patients

A) often respond to different cues than do providers and provide faulty cues about their true concerns.
B) are more concerned with their underlying illness than its symptoms.
C) present their most distressing symptoms clearly and precisely; most faulty communication occurs with minor symptoms.
D) have little difficulty interpreting and reporting their symptoms.

Question 21

,patient satisfaction,perceptions of personal control,and patient question asking was highest in

A) women who listed questions before the visit.
B) women whose physicians encouraged the asking of questions.
C) women who listed questions before the visit, and women whose physicians encouraged the asking of questions.
D) None of these.

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT one of the three components of burnout?

A) emotional exhaustion
B) increased concern for the client
C) cynicism
D) low sense of efficacy in one's job

Question 23

Avoidant coping strategies on the part of patients are

A) associated with good adherence to treatment regimens.
B) associated with poor adherence to treatment regimens.
C) associated with creative nonadherence.
D) unrelated with adherence to treatment regimens.

Question 24

Which of the following medical suggestions would be MOST likely to show high rates of nonadherence?

A) "Take three tablets per day for five days."
B) "Please stop by the lab on your way out and have some blood drawn for a complete battery."
C) "Make sure you schedule a mammogram before your next appointment."
D) "Try to rest and take some annual leave from your job."

Question 25

Qualities of the medical interaction that exacerbate communication problems include the fact that

A) providers receive little feedback from their patients.
B) patients are more likely to provide negative rather than positive feedback.
C) patients seldom provide feedback about the effectiveness of providers' communication.
D) All of these.

Question 26

In 2007,the sixth cause of death in the United States was

A) hospital infection.
B) influenza.
C) diabetes.
D) pneumonia.

Question 27

For short-term antibiotic regimens,an estimated _______________ fail to comply adequately.

A) one-quarter
B) one-third
C) one-fifth
D) three-quarters

Question 28

In a hospital operated by an HMO,physicians

A) are at the top of the medical line of authority.
B) act as "invited guests" of the hospital.
C) are employees of the hospital.
D) None of these.

Question 29

Which of the following is necessary for patient adherence?

A) Information.
B) Motivation.
C) Behavioral Skills.
D) All of these.

Question 30

The best predictor of physician sensitivity is

A) extraversion.
B) technical competence.
C) an interest in people.
D) idealism.

Question 31

Communication skills training for physicians should include

A) a focus on patient-centered dialogue.
B) the effective use of nonverbal behaviors.
C) the use of simple rules of courtesy.
D) All of these.

Question 32

Adherence to treatment is improved when providers

A) provide written instructions about treatment, dosage, and side effects.
B) ask patients about potential barriers to adherence.
C) use their personal authority.
D) All of these.

Question 33

The hospital nursing staff has as its primary orientation the goal of

A) cure.
B) care.
C) core.
D) All of these.

Question 34

When patients do not adopt the recommended medical treatment,the result is

A) malingering.
B) reactance.
C) doctor shopping.
D) nonadherence.

Question 35

The greatest cause of nonadherence to treatment is

A) the patient's unsupportive home environment.
B) the patient's uncooperative personality.
C) faulty patient-provider communication.
D) the decreasing use of traditional health plans.

Question 36

Overall adherence rates are poorest

A) for obtaining medical tests.
B) with complex self-care regimens.
C) when the advice is perceived as medical.
D) when the advice is vocational.

Question 37

Adherence is higher in patients who are

A) anxious and vigilant.
B) satisfied with their provider.
C) younger, white, and female.
D) asked to change personal habits.

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT one of the three steps your text lists as critical in adherence?

A) understanding the treatment regimen
B) satisfaction with the relationship and treatment regimen
C) deciding to adhere
D) self-efficacy

Question 39

Creative nonadherence

A) seriously undermines a patient's health.
B) is unrelated to disease prototypes.
C) may be an attempt to reassert control in the patient-provider relationship.
D) All of these.

Question 40

Dissatisfied patients are more likely to

A) seek treatment that meets their emotional rather than medical needs.
B) use medical services in the future and thus be accused of malingering.
C) seek more technically competent medical treatment.
D) schedule frequent medical checkups.

Question 41

The goals of cure,care,and core orientations in a hospital setting are discrete and never in conflict.

Question 42

Children exposed to _______________ interventions exhibited the fewest maladaptive behaviors while hospitalized.

A) self-efficacy
B) preoperational
C) anxiety
D) coping-skills

Question 43

Estimates of nonadherence vary from a low of 15 percent to more than 93 percent.

Question 44

Explain how hospitalization may affect patients' sense of personal control.What reactions are commonly observed?

Question 45

For children,adverse reactions to hospitalization are entirely due to separation anxiety.

Question 46

Patients are remarkably good at predicting their adherence to treatment regimens.

Question 47

How have recent changes in the American health care delivery system affected the provider-patient relationship?

Question 48

Malpractice litigation has become more common as medicine becomes more complex.

Question 49

The most common adverse response by children to hospitalization is

A) anxiety.
B) lack of information about medical procedures.
C) high levels of personal control.
D) All of these.

Question 50

found that male and female physicians preferred female patients.

Question 51

Explain how attributes of both patients and their health care providers contribute to faulty communication in the medical setting.

Question 52

Studies of the effects of presurgical control-enhancing interventions suggest that

A) a high level of fear and the work of worrying is essential to good postoperative adjustment.
B) providing preoperative information about procedures and sensations that can be expected has a beneficial effect on patients' physical and emotional adjustment.
C) providing preoperative training has a beneficial effect on patients' physical, but not emotional, adjustment.
D) while providing preoperative training is associated with good postoperative adjustment, cognitive reappraisal training has little effect.

Question 53

The typical physicians' assistant program lasts two years.

Question 54

Patient A is preoperative.If her roommate is post-operative,Patient A is likely to have better pre-and post-operative adjustment than if her roommate is also pre-operative.

Question 55

Summarize the research investigating the effectiveness of control-enhancing interventions for both adults and children.

Question 56

Your brother calls to inform you that his nine-year-old son is being hospitalized.Based on the research in the text,what advice would you give him to minimize any adverse reactions that your nephew might experience?

Question 57

The number of psychologists in hospital settings has _______________ over the past 10 years.

A) more than doubled
B) decreased
C) remained the same
D) first decreased, then increased

Question 58

The colleague orientation of the third-party system makes it more necessary for physicians to please patients.

Question 59

DRGs have had a significant effect on modern medical care in that they encourage the early detection and treatment of medical complications.

Question 60

Advanced-practice nurses have fewer than two years of basic nursing education.