Deck 22: Feeding the World a Gene Revolution

Question 1

What caused the lack of food and resulting riots in 2008 in Burkina Faso?

A)extreme weather events
B)rising cost of oil
C)growing demand for meat
D)increased production of biofuels
E)All of these answers likely contributed,with other factors as well.

Answer 1

All of these answers likely contributed,with other factors as well.

Question 2

Having physical,social,and economic access to sufficient safe and nutritious food is called __________.

A)food insecurity
B)nutrition security
C)food security
D)hunger security
E)food justice

Answer 2

food justice

Question 3

What is a pro of high-yield varieties of crops introduced globally during the Green Revolution?

A)more grain produced
B)less nitrogen required
C)less mechanical dependence to harvest crops
D)environmentally friendly
E)None of these answers are beneficial attributes of high-yield crops.

Answer 3

more grain produced

Question 4

Efforts from the Green Revolution resulted in _________.

A)enough food to feed every human on Earth
B)every human on Earth being fed a life-sustaining diet
C)less food produced than usual
D)the end of food insecurity
E)the end of malnutrition

Question 5

Slightly less than __________ of the U.S.military budget for a single year would eliminate hunger and extreme poverty.

A)1/4
B)1/3
C)1/2
D)2/3
E)3/4

Question 6

What percentage of the global population was undernourished in 2016?

A)2
B)8
C)13
D)19
E)23

Question 7

Why is 98% of the world's underfed population found in developing nations?

A)war
B)political unrest
C)inability to recover from natural disasters
D)lack of economic means to affect infrastructure solutions
E)All of these answer choices are correct.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true of malnutrition?

A)A person who eats 5,000 calories a day can be malnourished.
B)Malnutrition begins only after birth.
C)Food quality does not matter in nutrition; only food quantity.
D)Only the wealthy suffer from overnutrition.
E)Undernourishment is greater in developed countries than developing countries.

Question 9

The United Nations is calling for an increase of _______ times the amount of agricultural productivity of smallholder family farms in developing countries by 2030 to end hunger and achieve food security.

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)eight
E)ten

Question 10

What are obesity and type 2 diabetes typically the result of?

A)food insecurity
B)kwashiorkor
C)vitamin deficiencies
D)wasting
E)malnutrition

Question 11

What was the Green Revolution,and was it successful? Discuss pros and cons of this approach on the environment.

Question 12

The coordinated global effort to eliminate hunger by improving crop performance using modern agricultural technologies in developing countries is called _______.

A)organic farming
B)the Green Revolution
C)eutrophication
D)the Food Act
E)None of these answers fits the description.

Question 13

Many factors can contribute to the inability of a country to be food self-sufficient.Which of the following choices is NOT one of those factors?

A)the use of high-yield crop varieties
B)armed conflict
C)degraded land
D)natural disasters
E)poor food distribution

Question 14

What is a con of high-yield varieties of crops introduced globally during the Green Revolution?

A)faster growth cycle
B)not as much grain produced as with traditional varieties
C)increased vulnerability to pests
D)genetic diversity
E)None of these answers are negative attributes of high-yield crops.

Question 15

Someone who is malnourished may not be getting an adequate amount of _________ in their daily diet.

A)fats
B)carbohydrates
C)vitamins
D)proteins
E)All of these answers are correct.

Question 16

Which scenario would be found in a population that is food secure?

A)The only local food source is many miles away.
B)Regardless of income,members of the community have access to high-quality food.
C)The highest quality and quantity of food is given to those in positions of power.
D)The cost of high-quality food is prohibitive to many in the community.
E)The lowest grade of meat is sold only in stores in lower-income neighborhoods.

Question 17

Which of the following was NOT introduced with the Green Revolution?

A)chemical pesticides
B)sophisticated irrigation systems
C)synthetic nitrogen fertilizer
D)high-yield variety crops
E)organic farming techniques

Question 18

How might the recent Ebola outbreaks in Africa affect the food security of affected countries?

Question 19

Even though it is counterintuitive,how can overnutrition,the consumption of too many calories,be a problem for people of lower economic means?

Question 20

Choose the correct pairing of nutrient deficiency with its resulting disease.

A)vitamin B deficiency - anemia
B)vitamin A deficiency - kwashiorkor
C)iron deficiency - blindness
D)protein deficiency - kwashiorkor
E)vitamin D deficiency - marasmus

Question 21

Monocultures can result in _________.

A)reduction in agricultural biodiversity
B)a resistance to pests
C)a boost for old varieties of seeds
D)an increase in valuable genetic traits
E)All of these answers are correct.

Question 22

What is the relationship between the Green Revolution and industrial agriculture?

A)The Green Revolution focuses on sustainable,organic farming methods,while industrial agriculture focuses on chemicals and technology.
B)The Green Revolution increased food production in less developed nations,while industrial agriculture increased food production in more developed nations.
C)The Green Revolution focuses only on naturally available crops,while industrial agriculture focuses on high-yield varieties of crops.
D)The Green Revolution took practices from industrial agriculture-like pesticide use,irrigation technologies,and high-yield crops-and brought them to developing nations like China and India.
E)The Green Revolution focuses on small-scale,family-owned farms while industrial agriculture focuses on multifarm corporate companies.

Question 23

The Green Revolution 2.0 is __________________.

A)a movement that focuses on the production of genetically modified organisms to increase crop productivity
B)associated with feed conversion rates
C)a movement focused on recycling
D)a plant-breeding program that dramatically increased crop yields and led the way for mechanized,large-scale agriculture
E)a program used by modern farmers to spread the use of organic agriculture

Question 24

In making a transgenic organism,what is typically the role of the bacterium?

A)to donate the desired gene
B)to mutate and create the desired gene
C)to transport the desired gene
D)to express the desired gene
E)Bacteria are not involved in the creation of transgenic organisms.

Question 25

Given what you know about industrial agriculture and the Green Revolution,why is world hunger considered a "wicked problem"?

Question 26

An advantage of industrial agriculture is _________.

A)mechanization,to reduce pressure on the number of family farms
B)monoculture use to improve yields and harvests
C)use of fossil fuels for machines instead of manual labor
D)fewer people working the fields
E)All of these answers are advantages.

Question 27

What are cash crops?

A)only illegal crops like coca for cocaine
B)crops like high quality cotton sold for higher profits than normal
C)only food crops like coffee
D)crops only grown for export
E)any food and fiber crops grown for profit instead of use

Question 28

Coffee productivity is declining by ______ in some areas due to__________.

A)25%; climate change
B)50%; overharvesting
C)50%; climate change
D)25%; overharvesting
E)50%; monocultures

Question 29

Why is the decreased biodiversity of high-yield varieties of crops a concern?

Question 30

Industrial agriculture is dependent on _________.

A)organic pest control for crops
B)hand-planted and -managed crops
C)all-natural fertilizers
D)machinery
E)Industrial agriculture depends on all of these.

Question 31

How did subsidies for American farmers contribute to the level of food security in some African countries?

A)American farmers were able to produce vast quantities of food and sell it cheaply.This outcompeted local African farms selling the same products.To compensate,the African farms switched to cash crops and ultimately made their country dependent on foreign food supplies,decreasing their food security.
B)Since American farmers were able to produce vast quantities of food and sell it cheaply,this allowed African farmers to grow cash crops and thus bring more economic stability to the community as a whole,increasing their food security.
C)American farmers were able to take advantage of the subsidies and produce more food,which made America less dependent on food supplies imported from African farmers.Since the African farmers were unable to sell their crops,the farms failed and decreased their community's level of food security.
D)Subsidies on American farms decreased the amount of crops that could economically be harvested.This decreased the overall world supply of food and resulted in African countries being unable to import enough food to feed their communities,thus decreasing their food security.
E)American farm subsidies did not have any effect,positive or negative,on food security in African countries.

Question 32

_________ are organisms that have had their genetic information modified in a way that does not occur naturally.

A)HMOs
B)PMOs
C)GMOs
D)AMOs
E)Hybrids

Question 33

A(n)_______ organism is one that contains genes from another species.

A)hybrid
B)transgenic
C)diploid
D)asexual
E)native

Question 34

Genetic engineering involves the transfer of genes for desirable characteristics,including ___________.

A)drought resistance
B)pest resistance
C)increased nutrient production
D)herbicide tolerance
E)All of these answers are correct.

Question 35

Food self-sufficiency refers to the ability of an individual nation to _________.

A)grow enough food to feed the majority of people in the world
B)export food crops for a profit
C)grow enough food to feed its people
D)control its own food system
E)import enough food to feed its people

Question 36

__________ is the driving force behind the Green Revolution 2.0,or gene revolution.

A)Cross pollination
B)Cross breeding
C)Genetic engineering
D)Organic farming
E)Sustainable farming

Question 37

What is a known problem associated with industrial agriculture?

A)greenhouse gas emission
B)water pollution
C)pesticide-resistant pests
D)the disappearance of local,small,family-owned farms
E)All are these answers are known problems.

Question 38

Which of the following contains genes from another species?

A)transgenic organisms
B)Bt corn plants
C)roundup tolerant cotton plants
D)golden rice
E)All of these answers are correct.

Question 39

Which of the following is a TRUE statement?

A)In the United States,GMOs are limited to a few corn products.
B)GMOs will almost certainly be part of the solution to meeting future food demands as the global population swells.
C)GMOs are cheap and therefore a popular option for developing countries.
D)Since DNA is unique for each species,it is not possible to move genes from one species to another.
E)In the United States,less than 1% of processed foods contain GMOs.

Question 40

Global population is expected to reach ________ billion by 2050,and we will need to produce more food than we are now.

A)7
B)8
C)9
D)10
E)14

Question 41

What are some potential concerns about eating GMO foods?

A)allergic reactions
B)the decline of nutritional quality
C)the presence of toxins,like Bt,in consumer foods
D)in the United States,no labels indicating that the product came from GMOs
E)all of the above

Question 42

Giant ragweed and pigweed are examples of super weeds.These weeds have acquired the gene for _______,which makes them tolerant to all herbicides.

A)Wt
B)Bt
C)Ct
D)Ht
E)Pt

Question 43

Which of the following farming techniques is considered non-GMO and nonindustrial?

A)Bt corn
B)Zaï pit
C)high-yield varieties
D)irrigation systems
E)synthetic fertilizer

Question 44

When making a transgenic organism,where do the desired genes come from?

A)insects
B)bacteria
C)fish
D)corn
E)All of these answers are possible donors.

Question 45

Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement regarding GMOs?

A)GMOs are patented by a few corporations and are generally expensive.
B)Certain countries have banned GMOs.
C)Some people are concerned about health impacts and environmental consequences that could be associated with GMOs.
D)GMOs have been exhaustively shown to not pose a threat to living organisms,including humans.
E)All of these answers are true statements about GMOs.

Question 46

What is the process of microfertilization?

A)the specific fertilization of microbes that provide nutrients to growing plants
B)the application of a small amount of fertilizer to the area directly around the seed
C)the use of only natural,nonsynthetic fertilizers
D)the intentional overuse of fertilizer to prepare the soil for next year's planting
E)the use of GM organic matter that enhances plant growth

Question 47

Like the Green Revolution,low-tech farming methods in Africa have _______.

A)revolutionized the way people farm all over the world
B)increased grain production in less developed communities
C)introduced the use of GMOs and industrial agriculture methods
D)decreased the cost of farming for the typical farmer
E)led to a decrease in environmental problems caused by farming

Question 48

Describe how traditional selective breeding,where farmers attempt to produce offspring with valuable traits by breeding parents with those traits,is different from creating organisms with valuable traits using genetic engineering.

Question 49

How could planting Bt corn lead to even more pesticide use?

A)Bt-resistant pests thrive when Bt-susceptible pests are no longer competition,so it takes more pesticide to get rid of them.
B)Bt corn doesn't actually produce Bt-it just means that the plants are Bt resistant-so farmers still have to use the pesticide to rid the corn of pests.
C)Bt corn repels beneficial insects,which usually kill all of the pests,so now farmers must use pesticide.
D)Bt corn actually depends on pesticide use to grow and survive.
E)Bt corn does not lead to more pesticide use,as the Bt toxin produced by the plant is sufficient to kill all natural pests.

Question 50

Would a GMO crop bred to be herbicide resistant be more or less likely to withstand the effects of global climate change?

A)more
B)less
C)It would not be more or less suited.

Question 51

Why does microfertilization reduce the amount of water pollution from farms that employ this technique?

A)Since no fertilizer is used,there is no contamination by fertilizer from water runoff of the farm.
B)Microfertilization employs a biodegradable nitrogen source that does not pollute water sources.
C)Since only a small amount of fertilizer is used,less will end up in the local water supply.
D)With this technique,all of the fertilizer applied is used by the plant; thus there isn't a chance for it to end up in the water supply.
E)Microfertilization actually increases the amount of water pollution seen in local sources.

Question 52

What are some of the major concerns associated with genetically modified organisms (GMOs)?

Question 53

Why are many European countries opposed to the use of GMOs?

Question 54

Do GMOs raise or lower the overall crop biodiversity?

A)raise
B)lower
C)Biodiversity remains the same.

Question 55

It is estimated that by 2050,the human population will reach 10 billion.While the ability to produce food has risen with population growth so far,increasing production for another 3 billion humans poses a tremendous challenge.Discuss how the gene revolution will likely be part of the solution to meeting future food demands.

Question 56

What are some potential drawbacks of using pest-resistant crops?

A)water pollution
B)the creation of pest-resistant weeds
C)the creation of pesticide-resistant pests
D)the repelling of beneficial insects
E)All of these answers are potential drawbacks of using pest-resistant crops.

Question 57

Refer to the graphic below.Use the graphic to explain step by step how a gene from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)is inserted into a plant.In your own words,describe how this happens and how a bacterial gene can be beneficial to a plant.

Question 58

In transgenic organisms,what step(s)would a gene gun replace?

A)isolation and replication of a desired gene
B)insertion of a desired gene into a plasmid
C)plasmid delivering a desired gene to the host nucleus
D)isolation and replication of a desired gene,insertion of a desired gene into a plasmid,and plasmid delivering a desired gene to the host nucleus
E)insertion of a desired gene into a plasmid and plasmid delivering a desired gene to the host nucleus

Question 59

What is another low-tech farming method employed by some farms in Africa?

A)herbicide-resistant crops
B)use of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer
C)growing only cash crops
D)planting trees around the farm plot
E)diverting rivers to flow through farm plots

Question 60

Refer to the graphic below.When looking at the advantages and disadvantages of using GMO crops as food sources,do you think the pros outweigh the cons? Now imagine if you were a member of a community in West Africa.Would your opinion about the value of GMO crops change?

Question 61

Why is there no clear answer to the problem of malnutrition in Africa?

Question 62

Science Literacy Use Infographic 6 below to answer the following questions.
Droughts are common in the southern parts of the United States,and plants die quickly in the heat of a long,dry summer.A gene lab is working with garden crops like tomatoes and zucchini to add DNA from a bacterium which will reduce the amount of water needed to keep the plants alive.This is an example of _______ genetic engineering.

A)transgenic
B)cisgenic
C)intragenic

Question 63

Science Literacy Use Infographic 6 below to answer the following questions.
A gene lab is working with cactus,and have taken a gene that codes for "no needles" in the cactus and introduced it into a different species of cactus to create a new smooth variety without needles.This is an example of _______ genetic engineering.

A)transgenic
B)cisgenic
C)intragenic

Question 64

match each term in the left-hand column to the statement that it best exemplifies.

Question 65

Which of the following would be a resilient agricultural practice to increase productivity?

A)growing monoculture crops
B)using synthetic fertilizer on crops and fruits
C)using Zaï pits
D)employing more women in agriculture
E)these are all examples of resilient agriculture.

Question 66

The practice of achieving food security means _______.

A)people have physical,social,and economic access to sufficient safe and nutritious food
B)an individual nation can grow enough food to feed its own people
C)an individual nation can control its own food system
D)all these answers achieve food security

Question 67

Science Literacy Use Infographic 6 below to answer the following questions.
Since peaches are a soft fruit,they can be bruised during shipping and handling.When they arrive at the store with bruising,they are generally not bought and have to be thrown out.A gene research lab has turned off a gene in peaches which causes bruising.This technique of genetic engineering is called _______ genetic engineering.

A)transgenic
B)cisgenic
C)intragenic

Question 68

Why are some people supportive of low-tech farming methods over industrial agricultural methods?

A)Low-tech farming methods produce more food.
B)Low-tech farming methods are strictly organic.
C)Industrial agriculture methods do not produce actual food crops.
D)Even though low-tech farming methods are more expensive,they do not use GMOs.
E)Low-tech farming methods are typically less harmful to the environment.

Question 69

Why are low-tech farming methods more accessible to female farmers?

Question 70

Maintaining genetic diversity in plants and animals is important,since _______.

A)we need different types of plants and animals to eat
B)without genetic diversity,plants and animals are more vulnerable to pests and diseases
C)all plants and animals will adapt to climate change quickly without genetic diversity

Question 71

Science Literacy Use Infographic 6 below to answer the following questions.
A gene that codes for thorns on rose bushes has been turned off to produce new varieties of roses without thorns.This is an example of _______ genetic engineering.

A)transgenic
B)cisgenic
C)intragenic

Question 72

How could governments support efforts to increase a community's food security?

A)repair roads leading to markets
B)support women farmers
C)subsidize crops for local food supplies
D)create a local seed bank
E)All of these answers are correct.