Deck 25: Environmental Policy

Question 1

Which of the following factors requires urban areas to use more fossil fuel than rural areas?

A) dependence on food and resource inputs from outside the city
B) concentrated wastes that have to be transported away
C) traffic congestion and the lack of available parking
D) A, B, and C
E) none of these answers

Answer 1

A, B, and C

Question 2

All of the following statements are true about the movement of the world's population EXCEPT _________________.

A) more people live in urban areas than in rural areas
B) the rate of population growth has increased since the end of the twentieth century
C) urbanization is occurring in developed, developing, and non-developed countries
D) A, B, and C
E) none of these answers

Answer 2

the rate of population growth has increased since the end of the twentieth century

Question 3

Which continent is expected to have the largest increase in the rate of urbanization in the near future?

A) Asia
B) Africa
C) South America
D) North America
E) Europe

Answer 3

Asia

Question 4

Densely populated regions that include cities and the suburbs that surround them are known as _________________.

A) urban areas
B) sprawl zones
C) core areas
D) exurbs
E) none of these answers

Question 5

Advantages of urbanization for a society include ___________________.

A) concentrated wastes that have to be transported away
B) lower energy impact per person due to smaller homes and less traveling
C) the urban heat island effect
D) dependence on food and resource inputs from outside the city
E) higher levels of air pollution

Question 6

Table 25.1.

Refer to Table 25.1. Explain the causation of the urban heat island effect and the issues it leads to.

Question 7

Table 25.1.

Refer to Table 25.1. Which of the following is NOT one of the advantages of residing in an urban area?

A) more job opportunities
B) better quality of life
C) more educational opportunities
D) better health care options
E) none of these answers

Question 8

_____________________ is the migration of people to large cities.

A) Rural migration
B) Sprawl zones
C) Urbanization
D) Exurbs
E) None of these answers

Question 9

Infographic 25.2.

Refer to Infographic 25.2. Discuss at least two of the benefits of urbanization to the environment.

Question 10

Infographic 25.2.

Refer to Infographic 25.2. Which country has the lowest carbon footprint?

A) United States
B) Spain
C) China
D) Japan
E) Brazil

Question 11

Which of the following countries is projected to have a large increase in the rate of urbanization in the near future?

A) India
B) China
C) United States
D) England
E) both A and B

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true about the world's population?

A) Population growth has reached peak levels.
B) People are moving out of the cities and into rural areas.
C) People are moving out of rural areas and into the cities.
D) Equal amounts of people live in rural areas and cities.
E) None of these answers are correct.

Question 13

What is the population size generally considered for classifying a city as a "megacity"?

A) 1 million
B) 5 million
C) 10 million
D) 50 million
E) none of these answers

Question 14

Explain the patterns in the development of megacities from midcentury to 2030.

Question 15

What has happened to the distribution of people (rural and urban) from the 1950s to 2013?

Question 16

All of the following are true about urban areas when compared with rural areas EXCEPT___________________.

A) they have higher population densities
B) there is less personal vehicle travel
C) the homes are smaller
D) they have a lower carbon footprint
E) None of these answers are correct.

Question 17

Which of the following are reasons why urban areas are environmentally unfriendly?

A) importation of food and exportation of waste
B) traffic congestion
C) sewage overflow
D) Both A and B
E) A, B, and C

Question 18

The disadvantages of urbanization for a society include ___________________.

A) higher energy efficiency in stacked houses
B) more job opportunities
C) a higher rate of disease
D) more transportation options
E) more services for citizens

Question 19

In the New York case study, the South Bronx handled ______ of the entire city's waste.

A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 15%
D) 40%
E) 80%

Question 20

Urban areas are sometimes warmer than the surrounding countryside. This phenomenon is known as ___________________.

A) environmental justice
B) the urban heat island effect
C) global warming
D) the greenhouse effect
E) none of these answers

Question 21

A major obstacle in environmental justice projects is often _____________________.

A) that waste sites in the neighborhood are harmful
B) the thought that parks and green space are seen as benefits
C) that green space would attract new investment
D) A, B, and C
E) None of these answers

Question 22

Why are parking garages considered part of the New Urbanism?
A. They encourage single occupancy car use.
B. They are more compact than parking lots.
C. They are an important part of suburban and exurban development-the growth pattern of the future.
D. A, B, and C are correct.
E. None of these answers are correct.

Question 23

________________ is defined as a slow conversion of rural areas into suburban and exurban ones.

A) Suburban sprawl
B) Suburban flight
C) Urban sprawl
D) Exurban sprawl
E) None of these answers

Question 24

Which of the following are impacts of sprawl?

A) Sprawl limits transportation options, forcing people to drive cars.
B) Sprawl reduces pollution, as pollutants get dispersed over a large area.
C) Sprawl promotes physical activity, as people have to walk long distances to get to their cars parked in huge parking lots.
D) The low-density development of sprawl enables more open space to be saved.
E) Sprawl has lower infrastructure costs and a smaller ecological footprint compared with downtown urban centers.

Question 25

Which of the following can we do to help prevent suburban sprawl?

A) maintain open and agricultural land
B) establish urban growth boundaries
C) implement infill
D) build up rather than out
E) all of these answers

Question 26

In the 1960s urban flight resulted in many banks ruling certain sections of cities off-limits to any type of investment. What was this practice called?

A) bluelining
B) redlining
C) greenlining
D) urban planning
E) rezoning

Question 27

A consequence of urban flight was suburban sprawl. Suburban sprawl is the conversion of rural areas into suburbs and ________________,

A) towns
B) communities
C) villages
D) exurbs
E) townships

Question 28

Urban flight was made possible by mass transit and the _________________.

A) automobile
B) Internet
C) telephone
D) cable
E) mail

Question 29

The process of people leaving the inner city area to live in surrounding areas is called ________.

A) suburban sprawl
B) exurb sprawl
C) urban flight
D) urban migration
E) urban flee

Question 30

As more people migrate to the suburbs and exurbs, many cities have passed ______________ to create buffer zones between commercial and residential areas.

A) zoning laws
B) suburbs laws
C) exurbs laws
D) migration laws
E) development rules

Question 31

Why would some consider the Cross Bronx Expressway a contributor to environmental justice problems?

Question 32

Since it is projected that ___________ of future human population growth will occur in large cities, it is important that urban planners design cities that are environmentally friendly.

A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
E) 90%

Question 33

Which of the following is normally a consequence of urban/suburban sprawl?

A) loss of farmland
B) wildlife loss
C) ecosystem disruption
D) large ecological footprint
E) all of these answers

Question 34

Among a variety of groups with an interest in a sustainable future, an emerging consensus is that the future lies in ____________________.

A) returning to our rural roots
B) cities and smart urban development
C) suburban and exurban development
D) A, B, and C
E) none of these answers

Question 35

Majora Carter's South Bronx Greenway would provide many benefits, including _________________.

A) new waste sites as income generators
B) increased air quality
C) alternative transportation opportunities
D) Both A and B
E) Both B and C

Question 36

The phenomenon of the spread of low population-density development across the landscape is referred to as________________.

A) urban flight
B) suburban sprawl
C) zoning
D) infill development
E) new urbanism

Question 37

Homes that are built father away from the urban centers of cities are normally _______________ and _____________ energy efficient than those found in urban centers.

A) smaller; less
B) smaller; more
C) larger, less
D) larger; more
E) They're about the same as homes built in cities.

Question 38

The Cross Bronx Expressway was built to accommodate urban flight, but it also brought a lot of issues. Which of the following is NOT one of those issues?

A) displacement of thousands of residents
B) unemployment due to factories
C) redlining
D) worsened commuting
E) asthma

Question 39

Environmental justice is becoming more relevant as more people move to and live in cities. This migration has created imbalances among communities concerning their environmental burdens and benefits. Globally, more than ________________ people live in slums near large cities.

A) 500,000
B) 3 million
C) 85 million
D) 1 billion
E) 13 billion

Question 40

Which of the following is not normally found in the poorer districts of a city?

A) sewage plants
B) landfills
C) power plants
D) recycling facilities
E) top-notch health care facilities

Question 41

What is a sustainable city? Explain how strategies such as infill development, urban growth boundaries, and mixed land use enable a city to become sustainable.

Question 42

Which urban planning term is correctly matched to what it represents?

A) green buildings - a strategy that helps create walkable communities with lower ecological footprints
B) infill development - construction and operation designs that promote resource and energy efficiency
C) urban growth boundaries - the development of empty lots within a city
D) brownfields - land that is contaminated with hazardous waste, which requires remediation before it can be developed
E) green roofs - rooftop-installed energy production using such technologies as solar panels or wind turbines to reduce fossil fuel use

Question 43

________________ is a strategy that creates walkable communities with lower ecological footprints.

A) Smart growth
B) Infill development
C) New urbanism
D) Sustainable growth
E) Carbon offset

Question 44

What is suburban sprawl, and what environmental problems does it generate? Describe three potential problems, and briefly discuss the implications of these problems for human society.

Question 45

What is the key way to persuade people to support smart growth?

A) show the government how much they would save in health care costs
B) show the benefits of the triple bottom line
C) show the benefits to hiring a new green workforce
D) both A and B
E) A, B, and C

Question 46

Which of the following is considered a component of green building?

A) low-VOC design features
B) the use of sustainable FSC lumber
C) strategically placed windows
D) the use of wind turbines and water-saving devices
E) all of these answers

Question 47

What is a green building? Describe three design features that help make a building green, and explain the benefits of such choices.

Question 48

LEED certifies green buildings based on which of the following?

A) cost efficiency
B) sustainable building material use
C) innovative design
D) Both B and C
E) A, B, and C

Question 49

________________, which promotes the creation of compact, mixed-use communities, with all of the amenities for day-to-day living close by and accessible, can _______________ urban residents.

A) Infill development; improve environmental justice for
B) Green building; increase energy efficiency and thus reduce CO₂ emissions of
C) Environmental justice; ensure affordability, even in the face of increasing property values, for
D) New urbanism; reduce the ecological footprint of
E) Smart growth; reduce traffic congestion and thus improve air quality for

Question 50

What is zoning?

A) the classification of areas for different types of development and land use
B) the practice of promoting urbanization in rural areas
C) the professional pursuit of designing efficient cities
D) the establishment of public parks and gardens in urban centers
E) areas that allow animals to travel between islands of protected habitat

Question 51

Why does open space make a difference?

A) Trees and plants can trap pollutants from the air, reducing what infiltrates people's lungs.
B) Parks improve both the physical and psychological health of people who live near them.
C) More green space can mean less crime.
D) Open space provides people a connection to nature, and the built environment in which they live essentially increases community pride.
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 52

Infographic 25.4.

Refer to Infographic 25.4. What are some of the unwanted consequences of suburban sprawl?

Question 53

The movement to rejuvenate communities, improve the quality of life, and reduce ecological footprints using such strategies as establishing urban boundaries to preserve open space and directing development toward existing communities is referred to as _______________.

A) smart growth
B) urbanization
C) infill development
D) urban flight
E) suburban sprawl

Question 54

Characteristics of a sustainable city are _______________.

A) sprawl is maximized
B) walkability is minimized
C) local self-sufficiency is increased
D) urban growth boundaries are discouraged
E) zoning laws prohibit mixed-use development

Question 55

Infographic 25.6.

Refer to Infographic 25.6. Explain at least three of the ways to create a sustainable city.

Question 56

In urban design, fossil fuel use can be reduced at many levels. So, while implementing bike lanes and mass transit would be part of a _______________ strategy, installing energy-efficient skylights and rooftop solar panels would be part of a _______________ movement.

A) new urbanism; green roof
B) environmental justice; infill development
C) LEED; sustainable city
D) greenway; zoning
E) smart growth; green building