Deck 3: Cells: the Living Units

Question 1

Figure 3.2
Using Figure 3.2, match the following:

A) A
B) E
C) C
D) D
E) B
Unique glycoproteins and glycolipids involved in cell recognition.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Figure 3.2
Using Figure 3.2, match the following:

A) A
B) E
C) C
D) D
E) B
Peripheral protein.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Match the following:

A) Transfer RNA
B) Messenger RNA
C) Ribosomal RNA
D) ATP
E) Synthetase enzymes
A molecule that binds to a specific codon and specific amino acid simultaneously.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Figure 3.1
Using Figure 3.1, match the following:

A) C
B) E
C) D
D) A
E) B
Produces ATP aerobically.

Question 5

Figure 3.2
Using Figure 3.2, match the following:

A) A
B) E
C) C
D) D
E) B
Polar region of phospholipid.

Question 6

Match the following:

A) Transfer RNA
B) Messenger RNA
C) Ribosomal RNA
D) ATP
E) Synthetase enzymes
Attaches the correct amino acid to its transfer RNA.

Question 7

Match the following:

A) Transfer RNA
B) Messenger RNA
C) Ribosomal RNA
D) ATP
E) Synthetase enzymes
Provides the energy needed for synthesis reactions.

Question 8

Figure 3.1
Using Figure 3.1, match the following:

A) C
B) E
C) D
D) A
E) B
When ruptured it releases the enzymes responsible for autolysis.

Question 9

Figure 3.1
Using Figure 3.1, match the following:

A) C
B) E
C) D
D) A
E) B
Site of synthesis of lipid and steroid molecules.

Question 10

Figure 3.1
Using Figure 3.1, match the following:

A) C
B) E
C) D
D) A
E) B
Packages proteins for insertion in the cell membrane or for exocytosis.

Question 11

Match the following:

A) Transfer RNA
B) Messenger RNA
C) Ribosomal RNA
D) ATP
E) Synthetase enzymes
May be attached to the ER or scattered in the cytoplasm.

Question 12

Figure 3.1
Using Figure 3.1, match the following:

A) C
B) E
C) D
D) A
E) B
Site of enzymatic breakdown of phagocytized material.

Question 13

Figure 3.1
Using Figure 3.1, match the following:

A) C
B) E
C) D
D) A
E) B
Replicate for cell division.

Question 14

Figure 3.1
Using Figure 3.1, match the following:

A) C
B) E
C) D
D) A
E) B
Forms the mitotic spindle.

Question 15

Figure 3.2
Using Figure 3.2, match the following:

A) A
B) E
C) C
D) D
E) B
Hydrophilic portion of phospholipid.

Question 16

Figure 3.2
Using Figure 3.2, match the following:

A) A
B) E
C) C
D) D
E) B
Integral protein.

Question 17

Figure 3.2
Using Figure 3.2, match the following:

A) A
B) E
C) C
D) D
E) B
Nonpolar region of phospholipid.

Question 18

Match the following:

A) Transfer RNA
B) Messenger RNA
C) Ribosomal RNA
D) ATP
E) Synthetase enzymes
Produced in the nucleus,this molecule specifies the exact sequence of amino acids of the protein to be made.

Question 19

Match the following:

A) Transfer RNA
B) Messenger RNA
C) Ribosomal RNA
D) ATP
E) Synthetase enzymes
Forms part of the subunits for the protein synthesizing organelle.

Question 20

Figure 3.2
Using Figure 3.2, match the following:

A) A
B) E
C) C
D) D
E) B
Glycocalyx.

Question 21

Match the following:

A) Microtubules
B) Nucleoli
C) Ribosomes
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
E) Nucleus
Dense spherical bodies in the nucleus that are the synthesis site for ribosomal RNA.

Question 22

Match the following:

A) Microtubules
B) Nucleoli
C) Ribosomes
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
E) Nucleus
The vast majority of the cell's genetic material is housed here.

Question 23

Match the following:

A) Anaphase
B) Late prophase
C) Telophase
D) Early prophase
E) Metaphase
Centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell.

Question 24

Enzymes and proteins needed for cell division are synthesizes and put into place during G₂ phase.

Question 25

Match the following:

A) Anaphase
B) Late prophase
C) Telophase
D) Early prophase
E) Metaphase
Chromosomal centromeres split and chromosomes migrate to opposite ends of the cell.

Question 26

Match the following:

A) Anaphase
B) Late prophase
C) Telophase
D) Early prophase
E) Metaphase
Chromosomes uncoil to form chromatin.

Question 27

Each daughter cell resulting from mitotic cell division has the exactly same genetic composition.

Question 28

Match the following:

A) Tight junctions
B) Gap junctions
C) Desmosomes
Present in electrically excitable tissues.

Question 29

Lipid rafts,found in the cell outer membrane surface,are concentrating platforms for certain receptor molecules or for protein molecules needed for cell signaling.

Question 30

Match the following:

A) Tight junctions
B) Gap junctions
C) Desmosomes
Abundant in tissues subjected to great mechanical stress.

Question 31

Match the following:

A) Microtubules
B) Nucleoli
C) Ribosomes
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
E) Nucleus
Plays a role in the synthesis of steroid-based hormones and proteins.

Question 32

Match the following:

A) Tight junctions
B) Gap junctions
C) Desmosomes
Allows ions and small molecules to pass through from one cell to another.

Question 33

Match the following:

A) Anaphase
B) Late prophase
C) Telophase
D) Early prophase
E) Metaphase
Nuclear membrane and nucleolus disintegrate.

Question 34

Introns represent a genome scrap yard that provides DNA segments for genome evolution and a variety of small RNA molecules.

Question 35

Match the following:

A) Tight junctions
B) Gap junctions
C) Desmosomes
Help prevent molecules from passing through the extracellular space between adjacent cells.

Question 36

Match the following:

A) Microtubules
B) Nucleoli
C) Ribosomes
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
E) Nucleus
The organelle that facilitates peptic bond formation between amino acids.

Question 37

Match the following:

A) Anaphase
B) Late prophase
C) Telophase
D) Early prophase
E) Metaphase
Chromosomes align on the spindle equator.

Question 38

Match the following:

A) Microtubules
B) Nucleoli
C) Ribosomes
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
E) Nucleus
Play a critical role in forming spindle fibers for cell division,organize and move organelles as well as giving shape to the cell.

Question 39

Match the following:

A) Tight junctions
B) Gap junctions
C) Desmosomes
Type of anchoring junction.

Question 40

Apoptosis is programmed cell suicide; cancer cells do not undergo this process.

Question 41

Concentration differences cause ionic imbalances that polarize the cell membrane,and active transport processes.

Question 42

In certain kinds of muscle cells,calcium ions are stored in ________.

A) the cytoplasm
B) both smooth and rough ER
C) the smooth ER
D) the rough ER

Question 43

Dividing cells must pass through the phases of mitosis the following order: Prophase,Metaphase,Anaphase,and Telophase.

Question 44

Which of the following statements is correct regarding net diffusion?

A) The greater the concentration gradient, the faster the rate.
B) The lower the temperature, the faster the rate.
C) The rate is independent of temperature.
D) Molecular weight of a substance does not affect the rate.

Question 45

DNA transcription is another word for DNA replication.

Question 46

The genetic information encoded in DNA by the regular alternation of sugar and phosphate molecules.

Question 47

Microtubules are hollow tubes made of subunits of the protein tubulin.

Question 48

Which of the following structures would aid a cell in allowing more nutrients to be absorbed by the cell?

A) stereocilia
B) flagella
C) primary cilia
D) microvilli

Question 49

If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution containing a solute to which the membrane is impermeable,what could happen?

A) The cells will lose water and shrink.
B) The cells will show no change due to diffusion of both solute and solvent.
C) The cells will swell and ultimately burst.
D) The cells will shrink at first, but will later reach equilibrium with the surrounding solution and return to their original condition.

Question 50

The speed of individual particle diffusion is influenced by temperature and particle size,not by concentration.

Question 51

The glycocalyx is composed of glycolipids,glycoproteins and cholesterol molecules that are displayed on the outside surface of the plasma membrane.

Question 52

Which of the following describes the plasma membrane?

A) a phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell
B) a membrane composed of tiny shelves or cristae
C) a double layer of protein enclosing the plasma
D) a single-layered membrane that surrounds the nucleus of the cell

Question 53

Telomeres are the regions of chromosomes that code for the protein ubiquitin.

Question 54

A red blood cell placed in pure water would ________.

A) neither shrink nor swell
B) swell and burst
C) swell initially, then shrink as equilibrium is reached
D) shrink

Question 55

Microfilaments are thin strands of the contractile protein composed of myosin.

Question 56

Osmosis is the passive movement of water but it follows almost completely opposite laws of physics when compared to the diffusion of ions or other small particles.

Question 57

Interstitial fluid represents one type of extracellular material.

Question 58

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the membrane potential?

A) The resting membrane potential is determined mainly by the concentration gradients and differential permeability of the plasma membrane to K+ and Na+ions.
B) The resting membrane potential is maintained solely by passive transport processes.
C) The resting membrane potential occurs due to active transport of ions across the membrane due to the sodium-potassium pump.
D) In their resting state, all body cells exhibit a resting membrane potential.

Question 59

Aquaporins are believed to be present in red blood cells and kidney tubules,but not in any other cells in the body.

Question 60

The RNA responsible for bringing the amino acids to the ribosome for protein formation is ________.

A) mRNA
B) rRNA
C) tRNA
D) ssRNA

Question 61

Which transport process is the main mechanism for the movement of most macromolecules by body cells?

A) secondary active transport
B) receptor-mediated endocytosis
C) pinocytosis
D) phagocytosis

Question 62

Passive membrane transport processes include ________.

A) the use of transport proteins when moving substances from areas of low to high concentration
B) movement of a substance down its concentration gradient
C) consumption of ATP
D) movement of water from an area of high solute concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 63

Riboswitches are folded RNAs that act as switches to turn protein synthesis on or off in response to ________.

A) specific codes from the DNA
B) changes in the environment
C) the presence or absence of ubiquitins
D) specific tRNAs

Question 64

Which of the following would not be a constituent of a plasma membrane?

A) glycoproteins
B) glycolipids
C) messenger RNA
D) phospholipids

Question 65

Which of these is an inclusion,not an organelle?

A) lysosome
B) microtubule
C) cilia
D) melanin

Question 66

Which of the following is NOT a function of lysosomes?

A) degrading worn-out or nonfunctional organelles
B) help in the formation of cell membranes
C) digesting particles taken in by endocytosis
D) breaking down bone to release calcium ions into the blood

Question 67

Which of the following is a function of a plasma membrane protein?

A) molecular transport through the membrane
B) forms a lipid bilayer
C) circulating antibody
D) oxygen transport

Question 68

Which of the following statements is most correct regarding the intracellular chemical signals known as "second messengers"?

A) Second messengers usually inactivate protein kinase enzymes.
B) Second messengers usually act to remove nitric oxide (NO) from the cell.
C) Cyclic AMP and calcium may be second messengers.
D) Second messengers act through receptors called K-proteins.

Question 69

Mitosis ________.

A) creates diversity in genetic potential
B) is division of the genetic material within the nucleus
C) is always a part of the cell cycle
D) is the formation of sex cells

Question 70

Which of the following is not a factor that binds cells together?

A) special membrane junctions
B) glycoproteins in the glycocalyx
C) glycolipids in the glycocalyx
D) wavy contours of the membranes of adjacent cells

Question 71

The main component of the cytosol is ________.

A) sugars
B) water
C) proteins
D) salts

Question 72

The electron microscope has revealed that one of the components within the cell consists of pinwheel array of 9 triplets of microtubules arranged to form a hollow tube.This structure is a ________.

A) centrosome
B) ribosome
C) centriole
D) chromosome

Question 73

Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A) breakdown of stored glycogen to form free glucose
B) steroid-based hormone synthesis
C) protein synthesis in conjunction with ribosomes
D) lipid metabolism and cholesterol synthesis

Question 74

Which of the following statements is correct regarding RNA?

A) rRNA is always attached to the rough ER.
B) If the base sequence of DNA is ATTGCA, the messenger RNA template will be UCCAGU.
C) There is exactly one specific type of mRNA for each amino acid.
D) Messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA play a role in protein synthesis.

Question 75

Mitochondria ________.

A) are single-membrane structures involved in the breakdown of ATP
B) synthesize proteins for use outside the cell
C) contain digestive enzymes called acid hydrolyses
D) contain some of the DNA and RNA code necessary for their own function

Question 76

A gene can best be defined as ________.

A) a segment of DNA that carries the instructions for one polypeptide chain
B) a three-base triplet that specifies a particular amino acid
C) noncoding segments of DNA up to 100,000 nucleotides long
D) an RNA messenger that codes for a particular polypeptide

Question 77

Which of the following is a principle of the fluid mosaic model of cell membrane structure?

A) Phospholipids form a bilayer that is largely impermeable to water-soluble molecules.
B) Phospholipids consist of a polar head and a nonpolar tail made of three fatty acid chains.
C) All proteins associated with the cell membrane are contained in a fluid layer on the outside of the cell.
D) The lipid bilayer is a solid at body temperature, thus protecting the cell.

Question 78

If the nucleotide or base sequence of the DNA strand used as a template for messenger RNA synthesis is ACGTT,then what would be the sequence of bases in the corresponding mRNA?

A) ACGTT
B) GUACC
C) UGCAA
D) TGCAA

Question 79

The functions of centrioles include ________.

A) producing ATP
B) serving as the site for ribosomal RNA synthesis
C) providing a whiplike beating motion to move substances along cell surfaces
D) organizing the mitotic spindle in cell division

Question 80

Peroxisomes ________.

A) sometimes function as secretory vesicles
B) are functionally the same as lysosomes
C) function to digest particles ingested by endocytosis
D) are able to detoxify substances by enzymatic action