Deck 11: Water, Water Everywhere but Not a Drop to Drink

Question 1

What percentage of the human body is water?

A) 10%
B) 40-50%
C) 70%
D) 98%

Answer 1

70%

Question 2

Which of the following would affect biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)?

A) silt
B) dissolved radionuclides
C) dissolved organic compounds
D) heavy metal ions

Answer 2

dissolved organic compounds

Question 3

Non-biodegradable organic compounds (such as chlorinated hydrocarbons) are removed from water in

A) tertiary treatment.
B) secondary treatment.
C) primary treatment.
D) denitrifying bacteria.

Answer 3

tertiary treatment.

Question 4

Which ions are associated with hard water?

A) Na⁺ and NH₄⁺
B) Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺
C) K⁺ and Cl^-
D) Pb²⁺ and Zn²⁺

Question 5

Which type of industrial product listed below probably does not contribute to hazardous waste problems?

A) petroleum refining
B) plastics manufacturing
C) paint making
D) all of these probably contribute

Question 6

Of the household wastes listed below (all of which would be considered industrial hazardous wastes), which one could be disposed of down the sink?

A) oil-based paints
B) furniture polish
C) latex paint
D) automotive antifreeze

Question 7

Layers of water-bearing porous rock are called

A) aquifers.
B) artesian wells.
C) ground wells.
D) brackish wells.

Question 8

What common household hazardous waste is not correctly associated with the harmful ingredient?

A) gasoline - organic solvents
B) nail polish remover - organic solvents
C) bathroom cleaners - wax and heavy metals
D) latex paint - organic polymers

Question 9

The lime-soda treatment of water might introduce too much of which of the following ions in drinking water?

A) Na⁺
B) Ca²⁺
C) Mg²⁺
D) Fe³⁺

Question 10

Primary wastewater treatment copies two of nature's purification methods. Which two are these?

A) distillation and crystallization
B) settling and filtration
C) aeration and chlorination
D) oxidation and dilution

Question 11

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is

A) high for polluted water.
B) low for polluted water.
C) not affected by water pollution.
D) a measure of the amount of oxygen in the body.

Question 12

The average number of gallons of water used per person per day in the United States is roughly

A) 20 gal.
B) 40 gal.
C) 60 gal.
D) 91 gal.

Question 13

Of the 2.5% fresh water supply, what amount is available as groundwater or surface water for human use?

A) 100%
B) 97.5%
C) 2.5%
D) less than 1%

Question 14

Which of the following is the major user of water in the United States?

A) households
B) industry
C) agriculture
D) steam-electric utilities

Question 15

What is the name of the sticky gelatinous precipitate that is formed in the primary treatment process and carries away suspended dirt particles and bacteria?

A) calcium sulfate
B) calcium hydroxide
C) aluminum hydroxide
D) aluminum sulfate

Question 16

If a sample of tap water has the smell of rotten eggs, which substance is likely present?

A) chlorine
B) hydrogen sulfide
C) algae
D) copper

Question 17

Fertilizers such as nitrates and phosphates are examples of what type of pollutant?

A) minerals and chemicals
B) infectious agents
C) plant nutrients
D) oxygen-demanding wastes

Question 18

Which of the following would be considered polluted water?

A) water containing dissolved metal salts
B) water which has been heated above normal
C) water containing organic solvents
D) all of these

Question 19

Which of the following dissolved substances would you not expect to be in "pure" water?

A) CN^-
B) Fe²⁺
C) O₂
D) dust particles

Question 20

Oxygen

A) is more soluble in warm water than in cold water.
B) is not required to metabolize organic material in water.
C) does not react with water pollutants.
D) is more soluble in cold water than in warm water.

Question 21

Nitrate ions in waste water can be removed by

A) primary treatment
B) secondary treatment
C) tertiary treatment
D) both a and b above

Question 22

Two acids found in acid rain are

A) nitric acid and phosphoric acid.
B) sulfuric acid and nitric acid.
C) phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid.
D) carbonic acid and acetic acid.

Question 23

Which type of disposal of hazardous waste listed below is probably best, when all of the alternatives are considered?

A) underground injection
B) incineration
C) secure landfills
D) recycling and recovery

Question 24

Suppose the following conversion could occur. Which of the following would correctly describe this conversion?

A) The reactant is nonbiodegradable.
B) Both represent detergent molecules.
C) The product can be broken down by microorganisms.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 25

The disinfectant widely used in Europe to kill harmful bacteria in water treatment plants is

A) bromine.
B) oxygen.
C) ozone.
D) sodium hypochlorite.

Question 26

Of the following properties of water, which is not unusually large which compare to other molecules of similar size and mass?

A) heat capacity
B) melting point
C) boiling point
D) surface tension
E) All of these are larger than for similar size and mass molecules.

Question 27

Which of the following is responsible for the largest amount of water consumed in the United States?

A) households
B) agriculture
C) industry
D) thermoelectric power

Question 28

Why are disinfection by-products a health concern?

A) They are toxic.
B) They are electrically charged.
C) They are suspected carcinogens.
D) They decrease the oxygen level in the water.

Question 29

How much heat is required to heat 25 g of liquid water from 20 ^$\circ$ C to 100 ^$\circ$ C?

A) 25 cal
B) 1000 cal
C) 2000 cal
D) 13500 cal

Question 30

Of the following properties of water which is associated with the moderating influence that large bodies of water have on climate?

A) density
B) surface tension
C) heat capacity
D) boiling point

Question 31

What substances are used to disinfect water?

A) hydrogen peroxide and ammonia
B) ozone and chlorine
C) organic peroxides
D) inorganic acids

Question 32

Identify the endothermic process among the following.

A) water condensing
B) release of 500 cal of energy
C) freezing water
D) sublimation of dry ice

Question 33

What physical state is water found under normal conditions that exist on Earth?

A) solid
B) liquid
C) gas
D) all the above

Question 34

Hard water can be caused by the presence of

A) Na⁺ and K⁺.
B) Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Fe³⁺.
C) Na⁺ and Al³⁺.
D) K⁺ and Pb²⁺.

Question 35

Which of the following pollutants does not contribute to acid rain?

A) SO₂
B) NO₂
C) CO₂
D) O₃

Question 36

Freshwater can be made from seawater by

A) distillation.
B) reverse osmosis.
C) filtration.
D) both a and b above

Question 37

In what part of the United States is acid rain particularly prevalent?

A) northeast
B) southwest
C) northwest
D) central plains

Question 38

Identify the exothermic process among the following.

A) wood burning
B) boiling water
C) melting ice
D) 100 cal of energy are absorbed

Question 39

Which process is not used by nature to purify natural water?

A) distillation
B) chlorination
C) sedimentation
D) aeration

Question 40

Acid rain (acid deposition) contributes to which of the following problems?

A) dead lakes where fish cannot survive
B) damage to forests
C) leaching of metal ions into groundwater
D) all of these

Question 41

Consider the following image showing water resources. Complete the following questions using the appropriate letter from the image. More than one letter may be correct and some letters may not be used. You need only enter one letter for each question.
Surface water is indicated by the letter______.

Question 42

The presence of sulfate and nitrate ions in ice core samples are indicative of acid rain.

Question 43

Precipitation with a pH of 8.0 would classify as acid rain.

Question 44

The pH of rain is not 7 due to the presence of dissolved carbon dioxide.

Question 45

Consider the following image showing water resources. Complete the following questions using the appropriate letter from the image. More than one letter may be correct and some letters may not be used. You need only enter one letter for each question.
The source of water for "G" is region labeled by the letter_____.

Question 46

Consider the following image showing water resources. Complete the following questions using the appropriate letter from the image. More than one letter may be correct and some letters may not be used. You need only enter one letter for each question.
The region that provides a source of water to both surface and ground water resources is indicated by letter _____.

Question 47

Consider the following image. The image depicts the forces that give rise to surface tension is a liquid.

Question 48

Potable is another term for polluted water.

Question 49

Consider the following image showing water resources. Complete the following questions using the appropriate letter from the image. More than one letter may be correct and some letters may not be used. You need only enter one letter for each question.
The type of well in which pumping is not required to obtain water is shown by letter _____.

Question 50

Consider the following image showing water resources. Complete the following questions using the appropriate letter from the image. More than one letter may be correct and some letters may not be used. You need only enter one letter for each question.
Letter ____ shows the position of an aquifer.