Deck 18: The Chemistry of Useful Materials

Question 1

What structural unit is characteristic of quartz and most silicates?

A) planar
B) trigonal planar
C) tetrahedral
D) linear

Answer 1

tetrahedral

Question 2

Which of the following does not apply to silicates?

A) clay
B) tetrahedral units
C) contain carbon
D) SiO₂

Answer 2

contain carbon

Question 3

In the reduction of iron in a blast furnace, calcium carbonate, from limestone, is added to combine with what impurity in the iron ore?

A) other metals
B) carbon
C) silicon dioxide
D) sulfur

Answer 3

silicon dioxide

Question 4

The chloralkali process uses electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride to produce all but which one of the following?

A) Cl₂
B) NaOH
C) H₂
D) CO₂

Question 5

Which form of iron contains the least amount of carbon?

A) steel
B) pig iron
C) cast iron
D) These forms of iron contain no carbon.

Question 6

Which kind of rocks are formed by solidification of molten rock?

A) igneous
B) metamorphic
C) sedimentary
D) both b and c

Question 7

The process by which copper is prepared from its ores is

A) electrolysis.
B) roasting.
C) the chloralkali process.
D) both electrolysis and roasting

Question 8

Pyrex and Kimax glass typically contain an oxide of which element that gives the glass a small coefficient of thermal expansion?

A) sodium
B) lead
C) boron
D) arsenic

Question 9

The most abundant substances in rocks are

A) sulfates.
B) carbonates.
C) silicates.
D) oxides.

Question 10

Which of the following elements comprises more the 25% of both the Earth's crust and the whole Earth?

A) hydrogen
B) oxygen
C) iron
D) aluminum

Question 11

Which of the following is the most abundant metal in the Earth's crust?

A) magnesium, Mg
B) iron, Fe
C) nickel, Ni
D) aluminum, Al

Question 12

Which metal is sufficiently concentrated in the oceans so that it is currently extracted commercially?

A) aluminum
B) copper
C) magnesium
D) iron

Question 13

Which mineral is likely to be used in cement and wallboard?

A) oxides
B) silicates
C) sulfates
D) Oxides

Question 14

Which substance is formed when silica is melted (so that SiO₄ units are reorganized) and then cooled?

A) clay
B) glass
C) talc
D) feldspar

Question 15

Which of the following metals and ores is not a correct pair?

A) zinc, ZnS
B) iron, Fe₂O₃
C) gold, AuO
D) lead, PbS

Question 16

Over the years what element has been used as a reducing agent to reduce iron metal from its ores?

A) sulfur
B) silicon
C) sodium
D) carbon

Question 17

Older glass beverage bottles were green due to the presence of which metal ion in the silica from which the bottle was made?

A) Fe²⁺
B) Cu²⁺
C) Sn⁴⁺
D) Ca²⁺

Question 18

Which of the following is not a property of ceramics?

A) ability to withstand high temperatures
B) conductivity
C) tendency to fail in response to stress
D) cheap raw materials

Question 19

Which of the following metals is recovered from sea water?

A) magnesium
B) iron
C) copper
D) both b and c

Question 20

Which term or phrase does not apply to steel?

A) used in structural support of buildings
B) made in basic oxygen process
C) can be magnetic
D) has a high carbon content

Question 21

Which commonly used structural metal has the lowest density?

A) aluminum
B) zinc
C) magnesium
D) titanium

Question 22

Amorphous materials

A) are solids like tar and glass that lack internal order.
B) are solids with regular order.
C) have a definite crystal structure.
D) are crystalline solids.

Question 23

Which of the following statements characterizes clays?

A) chain-like structure
B) contains silicon and iron
C) similar to silica in structure
D) component of soil
E) all of these

Question 24

To produce steel in the blast furnace, what must done to the carbon content in the iron?

A) increased to approximately twice its original value
B) reduced to a smaller value
C) eliminated
D) distributed evenly throughout the iron

Question 25

Solar cells can be

A) built only using layers p-type of transistors.
B) built only using layers n-type of transistors.
C) built using alternate layers of n-type and p-type transistors.
D) rechargeable.

Question 26

A p-type semiconductor is one that

A) contains more electrons than silicon.
B) is deficient electrons.
C) has no electrons.
D) has the same number of electrons as silicon.

Question 27

The p-type of semiconductor is generally

A) silicon doped with a Group 5 element.
B) silicon doped with a Group 14 element.
C) germanium doped with an element from Group 14.
D) silicon doped with an element from Group 13.

Question 28

Which of the following metals is reduced by an electron flow in an electric furnace rather than by chemical reduction?

A) iron
B) copper
C) lead
D) aluminum

Question 29

Calcium oxide from oyster shells is used to precipitate magnesium from sea water. The oxide reacts with water to form

A) hydrogen.
B) a sulfate.
C) a hydroxide.
D) oxide ions which precipitate the magnesium in the aqueous medium.

Question 30

Doped silicon is used in

A) magnets.
B) transistors.
C) electrical transmission wires.
D) superconductors.

Question 31

Most metals are found in the Earth as

A) positive ions.
B) negative ions.
C) neutral atoms.
D) molecules.

Question 32

Which of the following elements is found in the Earth's crust as well as in the mantle and inner and outer cores?

A) aluminum
B) oxygen
C) silicon
D) iron

Question 33

Roasting of metal ores in air

A) converts sulfides to oxides.
B) converts sulfides to pure metals.
C) converts oxides to silicates.
D) reduces metal oxides to sulfides.

Question 34

Glass is annealed so that

A) silicon is baked out of the mixture.
B) calcium carbonate is decomposed to form calcium oxide.
C) strain is minimized as the liquid cools.
D) none of these

Question 35

Which of the following is not an ingredient in Portland cement?

A) anhydrous calcium oxide
B) silicon dioxide
C) hydrated calcium sulfate
D) aluminum oxide

Question 36

Asbestos is

A) a glass.
B) a form of silicate.
C) amorphous.
D) a form of clay.

Question 37

Superconductivity is the result of

A) extremely low electrical resistance.
B) increases in available energy.
C) very high concentrations of electrical charge.
D) higher levels achieved in the purity of copper.

Question 38

Which of the following can be melted with silica (silicon dioxide) to form common window glass?

A) carbon
B) carbonates of sodium and calcium
C) sodium sulfate and sodium sulfite
D) sand containing small amounts of magnesium

Question 39

A common element used in many semiconductors is

A) silicon.
B) sodium.
C) silver.
D) carbon.

Question 40

Bauxite is the name of an aluminum containing mineral. Which of the following does not describe a mineral?

A) naturally occurring
B) inorganic
C) solid
D) all of these

Question 41

Which of the following is an example of metamorphic rock?

A) basalt
B) sandstone
C) marble
D) sand

Question 42

The first transistor was constructed

A) in 1947 at Bell Laboratories.
B) in 1941 at IBM.
C) in 1969 at Texas Instruments.
D) in 1934 in Switzerland.

Question 43

Examine the chloralkali cell given below. Answer the following questions with the identity of the chemical substance indicated.
The product of the cell reaction produced at the position indicated by the number 3 is ______________.

Question 44

Examine the chloralkali cell given below. Answer the following questions with the identity of the chemical substance indicated.
The compound that is used as the reactant in the cell, indicated by the term brine, is ______________.

Question 45

Examine the chloralkali cell given below. Answer the following questions with the identity of the chemical substance indicated.
The product of the cell reaction produced at the position indicated by the number 1 is ______________.

Question 46

Arsenic, As, which has five valence electrons can be used in doping to product an n-type semiconductor.

Question 47

Examine the chloralkali cell given below. Answer the following questions with the identity of the chemical substance indicated.
The product of the cell reaction produced at the position indicated by the number 2 is ______________.

Question 48

Silver is likely to be found in nature as the free element while lead and aluminum are found in compounds.

Question 49

Consider the diagram of the blast furnace given below. Answer the following questions with the numbers shown in the image.
Iron ions form iron atoms in the area indicated by the number ______.

Question 50

What two elements make up glass?

A) Si and S
B) Si and B
C) Si and N
D) Si and O

Question 51

Most of the material in the Earth's crust is composed of a homogenous collection of various compounds.

Question 52

Consider the following image. The model shown in the image represents the bonding found in

A) metals
B) superconductors
C) n-type semiconductors
D) p-type semiconductors

Question 53

How many valence electrons would be found in an atom used as dopant in a p-type semiconductor?

A) 3
B) 4
C) 5
D) 6

Question 54

Pig iron is formed in a blast furnace.

Question 55

The major component of sea shells is calcium silicate.

Question 56

Consider the diagram of the blast furnace given below. Answer the following questions with the numbers shown in the image.
Silica from the sand used in the furnace is removed in the area indicated by the number ______.

Question 57

Which material is structurally stronger?

A) pig iron
B) cast iron
C) steel
D) iron oxide

Question 58

To make an n-type semiconductor, silicon is doped with which of the following elements?

A) germanium
B) arsenic
C) boron
D) magnesium

Question 59

Which of the following is a property of a metal?

A) ductile and malleable
B) low electrical conductivity
C) low thermal conductivity
D) soluble in water

Question 60

The main source of the metal magnesium, Mg, is the Earth's crust.

Question 61

Consider the diagram shown below which represents from left to right a pure silicon crystal and two silicon crystals containing dopants. The larger dots in the image are the valence electrons of A and B. Complete the following statements using the letters in the diagram.
A p-type semiconductor is labeled with the letter______.

Question 62

Consider the diagram shown below which represents from left to right a pure silicon crystal and two silicon crystals containing dopants. The larger dots in the image are the valence electrons of A and B. Complete the following statements using the letters in the diagram.
An n-type semiconductor is labeled with the letter______.

Question 63

Consider the diagram shown below which represents from left to right a pure silicon crystal and two silicon crystals containing dopants. The larger dots in the image are the valence electrons of A and B. Complete the following statements using the letters in the diagram.
Selenium could be used as the dopant indicated by the letter______.

Question 64

Consider the diagram shown below which represents from left to right a pure silicon crystal and two silicon crystals containing dopants. The larger dots in the image are the valence electrons of A and B. Complete the following statements using the letters in the diagram.
Germanium could be used as the dopant indicated by the letter ______.

Question 65

Consider the diagram of the blast furnace given below. Answer the following questions with the numbers shown in the image.
The area in which pig iron would be found is indicated by the number ______.