Question 1

The discovery of Teflon&#174; was&#10;A) an example of planned research.&#10;B) accidental&#10;C) eventually damaging to the ozone layer.&#10;D) deemed useless by the discoverer's company.

Accepted Answer

The discovery of Teflon® was accidental. It was discovered by a chemist at DuPont while he was working on a coolant for nuclear reactors.

Question 2

Which activity comes first in the scientific method?&#10;A) conclusion&#10;B) hypothesis&#10;C) experimentation&#10;D) observation

Accepted Answer

Observation is the first step in the scientific method, as it involves gathering information and data about a phenomenon or problem. This information can then be used to form a hypothesis, which is a proposed explanation for the observations. Next, experiments or tests can be conducted to gather further data and support or refute the hypothesis. Finally, conclusions can be drawn based on the results of the experiments and observations.

Question 3

Which technology described in this chapter required the most time from idea to use?&#10;A) photography&#10;B) nylon&#10;C) roll-on deodorant&#10;D) X-rays in medicine

Accepted Answer

X-rays in medicine required the most time from idea to use, as it took over 50 years of experimentation and development from the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen in 1895, until they became widely used in medical diagnosis and treatment in the mid-20th century.

Question 4

A scientist is trying to make a new insecticide that will be more toxic to flies, but less toxic to humans than insecticides now available. The scientist is engaged in&#10;A) basic research.&#10;B) applied research.&#10;C) technology.&#10;D) serendipity.

Accepted Answer

The scientist is engaged in applied research, which aims to solve practical problems through the application of scientific knowledge. The scientist's goal is to create a new insecticide that is more effective against the target pest (flies), but with lower toxicity to humans. This is an example of applied research that has direct practical implications.

Question 5

MATCHING&#10;Use the following terms to answer the questions given below.&#10;&#10;What is the term applied to scientific research that has no immediate, practical goal?&#10;A)basic research&#10;B)applied research&#10;C)natural science&#10;D)social science&#10;E)technology&#10;

Accepted Answer

Basic research is scientific research that is done without any immediate practical goals. It is often conducted to expand knowledge and understanding of a particular subject or phenomenon.

Answer: B
 Applied research is scientific research that is conducted with the aim of solving practical problems or developing new technologies. It is often conducted in industries, universities and government laboratories.

Answer: C
 Natural science refers to the branch of science that deals with the study of natural phenomena, including physics, chemistry, biology, and geology.

Answer: D
 Social science refers to the scientific study of human society and relationships among individuals within that society. It includes disciplines such as sociology, anthropology, and psychology.

Answer: E
 Technology refers to the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, often in the form of tools, machines, and other devices to improve human life or solve practical problems.

Question 6

What is chemophobia?&#10;A) fear of chemistry courses&#10;B) fear of global warming&#10;C) fear of chemicals&#10;D) fear of radiation

Accepted Answer

Chemophobia is the irrational fear of chemicals. It is often based on misconceptions and misinformation about the safety and toxicity of certain chemicals. This fear can lead to a distrust of science and technology, as well as avoidance of products or activities that involve chemicals.

Question 7

What is the approximate population of the world?&#10;A) 6,000,000 people&#10;B) about 3 billion people&#10;C) over 6,000,000,000 people&#10;D) 2,000,000 people

Accepted Answer

As of 2021, the world population is estimated to be over 6 billion people. Option A, B, and D are incorrect as they are much lower than the current world population.

Question 8

Which of the following explorations could be enhanced by our knowledge of DNA?&#10;A) development of drug to cure cancer&#10;B) use of genetically modified food to produce edible vaccines&#10;C) determine if a convicted felon is actually innocent&#10;D) all of these

Accepted Answer

Knowledge of DNA can enhance all these explorations. In option A), understanding the DNA mutations and specific genetic defects can help in developing drugs to cure cancer. In option B), DNA technology can be used to produce genetically modified crops which can produce edible vaccines. In option C), DNA testing can be used to prove the innocence of a convicted felon or identify the real culprit.

Question 9

Answer the following in reference to the 2003 HCRA publication Risk in Perception.&#10;Natural risks seem less worrisome than human-made risks.

Accepted Answer

The publication Risk in Perception states that people tend to perceive natural risks as being less threatening than human-made risks.

Question 10

The perception of the severity of a risk escalates with time.

Accepted Answer

The perception of the severity of a risk can either escalate or deescalate with time, depending on new information, changes in personal or societal values, or the occurrence of related events.

Question 11

MATCHING&#10;Use the following terms to answer the questions given below.&#10;&#10;What is the term applied to scientific research that is oriented toward an immediate, practical goal?&#10;A)basic research&#10;B)applied research&#10;C)natural science&#10;D)social science&#10;E)technology&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING&#10;Use the following terms to answer the...

Question 12

The American perception of &#34;It can't happen to me.&#34; or &#34;It can't happen here.&#34; changed in 2001.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The American perception of &#34;It can't happen...

Question 13

Which of the following are linked to the release of CFCs?&#10;A) &#34;ozone holes&#34; in the stratosphere&#10;B) increased air pollution&#10;C) drinking water pollution&#10;D) increased food spoilage

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following are linked to...

Question 14

An endeavor to provide an &#34;ample margin of safety&#34; to protect the public is an example of a&#10;A) technology-based law.&#10;B) balancing law.&#10;C) risk management.&#10;D) risk-based laws.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An endeavor to provide an &#34;ample margin...

Question 15

The map of the complete human DNA sequence was&#10;A) completed in 1990.&#10;B) done exclusively in not-for-profit research labs.&#10;C) completed exclusively in for-profit research labs.&#10;D) completed in 2003.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The map of the complete human DNA...

Question 16

Chemistry is often defined as the study of&#10;A) matter and the changes it can undergo.&#10;B) naturally occurring matter.&#10;C) fundamental particles in research labs.&#10;D) synthetically produced matter.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Chemistry is often defined as the study...

Question 17

Which is considered a physical science?&#10;A) physics&#10;B) biology&#10;C) zoology&#10;D) botany

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which is considered a physical science?&#10;A) physics&#10;B)...

Question 18

Which is considered a fossil fuel?&#10;A) coal&#10;B) solar&#10;C) wind&#10;D) hydrothermal

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which is considered a fossil fuel?&#10;A) coal&#10;B)...

Question 19

Refrigeration has been used since the late 1800s and early refrigerants were&#10;A) safe.&#10;B) flammable and toxic.&#10;C) inert.&#10;D) fluorine compounds, CFCs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refrigeration has been used since the late...

Question 20

The smallest concentration listed below is&#10;A) parts per million.&#10;B) parts per trillion.&#10;C) parts per billion.&#10;D) parts per thousand.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The smallest concentration listed below is&#10;A) parts...

Question 21

MATCHING&#10;Use the following terms to answer the questions given below.&#10;&#10;What term would be applied to expanding the number of methods to produce marketable medicines based on DNA manipulation?&#10;A)basic research&#10;B)applied research&#10;C)natural science&#10;D)social science&#10;E)technology&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING&#10;Use the following terms to answer the...

Deck 1: Living in a World of Chemistry