Deck 4: African Enslavement: The Terrible Transformation

Question 1

Which of the following was true of the Atlantic slave trade?

A) Several million Africans died on their journey to the Americas.
B) More than 40 million Africans were enslaved and taken to the Americas.
C) The Atlantic slave trade went into decline after 1740.
D) The Spanish dominated the Atlantic slave trade in eighteenth century.

Answer 1

Several million Africans died on their journey to the Americas.

Question 2

In the sixteenth century, growing demand for labor in the __________ New World empire led to the importation of African slaves.

A) Spanish
B) English
C) African
D) Dutch

Answer 2

Spanish

Question 3

The headright system rewarded planters who purchased African slaves with __________.

A) another slave for free
B) a cash reward
C) a tax break
D) free land

Answer 3

free land

Question 4

Roughly how many Africans were enslaved and transported to the Americas in the four centuries of the Atlantic slave trade?

A) 2 million
B) 10 million
C) 20 million
D) 50 million

Question 5

From the 1730s on, the __________ dominated the Atlantic slave trade.

A) British
B) French
C) Spanish
D) Dutch

Question 6

The use of African slaves as agricultural laborers in Brazil was tied to __________ cultivation.

A) rice
B) tobacco
C) sugar
D) indigo

Question 7

The roots of American slavery extend back to the __________.

A) early eighteenth century
B) early seventeenth century
C) late sixteenth century
D) late fifteenth century

Question 8

Virginia's Negro Act of 1705 included which of the following?

A) When a master or overseer killed a slave while inflicting punishment, they were automatically free of any felony charges.
B) Slaves had the right to bring lawsuits in court.
C) Slave owners could not torture or otherwise make an example of recaptured runaways.
D) If a slave was killed, by law the slave owner was entitled to a new slave.

Question 9

In 1662 Virginia passed a law making __________.

A) it illegal to enslave an Indian
B) it illegal to enslave a Christian
C) slavery a hereditary condition
D) slavery illegal

Question 10

The entire journey, from normal village life to enslavement beyond the ocean, could last __________.

A) six to eight weeks
B) four to six months
C) a year or two
D) three to four years

Question 11

The importation of slaves into Brazil increased along with the increase in _____________.

A) gold mining
B) sugar production
C) cotton cultivation
D) European settlers

Question 12

The Middle Passage followed the __________.

A) arrival of slaves in the Caribbean
B) capture of slaves in African villages
C) sale of slaves to European buyers in the Americas
D) sale of slaves to European sea captains

Question 13

Nothing did more to consolidate Virginia's slide toward race slavery than __________.

A) the Navigation Acts
B) the Stono uprising
C) the restoration of the English monarchy
D) Bacon's Rebellion

Question 14

After Bacon's Rebellion, the Chesapeake elite sought to __________.

A) reinforce racial solidarity
B) limit the importation of African slaves
C) strengthen the contracts of indentured servants
D) further subjugate poor whites

Question 15

Who chartered the Royal African Company?

A) Charles II
B) Charles I
C) James II
D) James I

Question 16

Prior to the 1660s, the legal and social standing of African Americans in the Chesapeake was __________.

A) legally clear
B) similar to that of free whites
C) that of chattel slaves
D) vague

Question 17

The Atlantic slave trade reached its peak in the __________.

A) 1680s
B) 1710s
C) 1750s
D) 1780s

Question 18

Under Spanish and Portuguese law, children inherited their __________ legal status.

A) mother's
B) father's
C) grandfather's
D) grandmother's

Question 19

Prior to turning to African slaves, English colonies used captured Native Americans and __________ as sources of cheap labor.

A) eastern Europeans
B) Asian migrants
C) prisoners of war
D) impoverished Europeans

Question 20

In 1652, __________ passed a law limiting all involuntary service-for Europeans or Africans-to no more than ten years.

A) Maryland
B) Virginia
C) New York
D) Rhode Island

Question 21

By 1700, race slavery was accepted __________.

A) throughout the mainland colonies
B) in the Deep South
C) in the Chesapeake and the Deep South
D) in the Caribbean, but not in the mainland colonies

Question 22

Despite their rarity, slaveholders had a deep fear of slave __________.

A) strikes
B) marriages
C) escapes
D) uprisings

Question 23

In eighteenth-century North America, by far the greatest number of enslaved workers lived in Virginia or __________.

A) Maryland
B) New York
C) Georgia
D) Pennsylvania

Question 24

The largest slave uprising in colonial North America broke out in 1739 near __________.

A) Boston
B) New York
C) Philadelphia
D) Charleston

Question 25

By the mid-eighteenth century, South Carolina planters were shipping large quantities of indigo and __________ to Europe.

A) sugar
B) rice
C) wheat
D) tobacco

Question 26

The Security Act required all __________.

A) slaves ships to be searched
B) foreigners to wear distinctive clothing
C) slaves to wear identification badges
D) white men to carry arms to church

Question 27

In 1750, roughly 12 percent of slaves in the North American colonies resided in the __________.

A) Deep South
B) Upper South
C) far West
D) North

Question 28

In 1712, enslaved Africans and Indians in __________ attacked whites and set fire to a building.

A) New York City
B) Williamsburg
C) Boston
D) Charleston

Question 29

In the earliest days, South Carolina colonists __________.

A) focused on mining
B) cultivated tobacco
C) let their cattle and pigs run wild
D) grew wheat

Question 30

Slavery in South Carolina was closely patterned after slavery in __________.

A) Barbados and the Caribbean
B) Virginia and the Chesapeake
C) New Spain
D) Brazil

Question 31

Which of the following happened the same year as the Stono Rebellion?

A) Spain and Portugal went to war.
B) France and Spain went to war.
C) France and Britain went to war.
D) Spain and Britain went to war.

Question 32

Who introduced rice cultivation to South Carolina?

A) African slaves
B) English colonists
C) Spanish colonists
D) Native Americans

Question 33

Arriving African slaves in late seventeenth-century South Carolina __________.

A) understood the climate better than their European owners did
B) had a life expectancy of less than two years
C) could expect to be free within five years
D) were put to work growing cotton

Question 34

By 1750, African slaves made up 60 percent of the population of __________.

A) Virginia
B) Maryland
C) New Jersey
D) South Carolina

Question 35

Which of the following helps explain South Carolina's slave concentration?

A) its proximity to Africa
B) its climate
C) the determination of the colony's founders to grow rice
D) its tax laws

Question 36

How did the Spanish try to destabilize Carolina's profitable slave regime?

A) They encouraged slaves to run away.
B) They attacked slave ships bound for the colony.
C) They plotted with Native American peoples.
D) They purchased land in the colony.

Question 37

The events surrounding John and Sarah Hughson are illustrative of __________.

A) Quaker antislavery work
B) the colonial government's calm and measured response to turmoil
C) the role of slave revolts in Charleston
D) cooperation between poor blacks and whites

Question 38

"Country-born slaves" referred to slaves who __________.

A) grew up in America from birth
B) came to the Americas as children
C) were born in Africa
D) had been born on farms

Question 39

Which of the following helps explain the Stono Rebellion?

A) the Great Awakening
B) expanding rice production
C) conflict between the British and the Spanish
D) the arrival of British soldiers

Question 40

Manumissions were __________.

A) common throughout the North American colonies
B) given often in the southern colonies
C) restricted in Virginia since the late seventeenth century
D) granted regularly in Virginia in the eighteenth century

Question 41

Detail the stages experienced by an African, from sale to arriving at a plantation in America.

Question 42

What factors fueled the Stono Rebellion?

Question 43

What convinced John Oglethorpe to oppose the slave trade?

A) his experiences in South Carolina
B) his conversion to Quakerism
C) his experiences as a slave trader
D) his encounter with Christian Priber

Question 44

When Georgia was first founded, it was __________.

A) supposed to be a haven for the worthy poor
B) intended to be a penal colony
C) supposed to be a religious refuge
D) assumed that slavery would be legal there

Question 45

Thomas Bray was determined to __________.

A) end slavery in his lifetime
B) convert slaves to Christianity
C) send slaves back to Africa
D) expand slavery in the New World

Question 46

In The Selling of Joseph, Judge Samuel Sewell __________.

A) called for the immediate abolition of slavery
B) wondered whether Africans had souls
C) questioned African enslavement
D) attacked Cotton Mather's defense of African slaves

Question 47

How did South Carolina authorities respond to Christian Priber's call for the founding of a multiracial "Paradise"?

A) They ignored him.
B) They had him arrested and jailed.
C) They forced him into exile.
D) They had him shipped back to Europe.

Question 48

How did Britain's participation in the Atlantic slave trade evolve from 1640 to the 1730s?

Question 49

The __________ John Woolman was an early opponent of slavery.

A) Methodist
B) Lutheran
C) Baptist
D) Quaker

Question 50

James Oglethorpe was instrumental in the founding of __________.

A) South Carolina
B) Georgia
C) Alabama
D) Mississippi

Question 51

What affect did Cotton Mather believe conversion would have on slaves?

A) It would make them fit for freedom.
B) It would have no affect at all.
C) It would make them more rebellious.
D) It would make them better servants.

Question 52

In 1735, the trustees of Georgia __________.

A) purchased 500 African slaves
B) outlawed the consumption of hard alcohol
C) created a bicameral legislature
D) ordered the colonists to cultivate cotton

Question 53

In 1750, over Oglethorpe's objections, the trustees of Georgia __________.

A) sold the colony to a wealthy nobleman
B) allowed the importation and exploitation of slaves
C) broke up the government-owned farms and sold them
D) permanently dissolved the colonial assembly

Question 54

What role did African Americans play in Bacon's Rebellion?