Deck 7: Anti-Inflammatory and Antiasthmatic Agents

Question 1

Which of the following is given as an oral medication?

A)Singulair
B)Azmacort
C)Flovent
D)Serevent

Answer 1

Singulair

Question 2

The most common side effect of inhaled steroids is:

A)Hypocalcemia.
B)Candidiasis.
C)Hypertension.
D)Hypoglycemia.

Answer 2

Candidiasis.

Question 3

After an antigen-antibody reaction occurs,all of the following events contribute to the early phase inflammatory response except:

A)Mast cell membrane rupturing.
B)Release of chemical mediators to the site.
C)Arachidonic acid metabolism.
D)Antibodies attacking antigens.

Answer 3

Arachidonic acid metabolism.

Question 4

The difference between mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids is that:

A)Mineralocorticoids minimize salt-retention activity.
B)Glucocorticoids increase sodium and water reabsorption.
C)Mineralocorticoids affect carbohydrate,protein,and fat metabolism.
D)Mineralocorticoids are useful for their anti-inflammatory activity.

Question 5

Which of the following would indicate that an asthma attack is allergy related?

A)The presence of eosinophils
B)Mast cell degranulation
C)An early phase response
D)A late-phase response

Question 6

Patients receiving inhaled corticosteroids should be instructed to do which of the following to reduce common side effects?

A)Take supplemental calcium to reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
B)Reduce the amount of sugar intake to reduce the risk of hyperglycemia.
C)Take prophylactic antibiotics to treat immunosuppression.
D)Rinse the mouth with water or mouthwash after using the inhaled steroid.

Question 7

The Advair Diskus combines which of the following medications? I.Solu-Medrol
II)Serevent
III)Flovent
IV)Flonase

A)I and III
B)II and III
C)I and IV
D)II and IV

Question 8

Cromolyn is supplied for intranasal use under the trade name:

A)Nasalide.
B)Rhinocort.
C)Nasalcrom.
D)Nasonex.

Question 9

Which of the following drugs are advantageous in treating late-phase inflammatory asthma? I.Tilade
II)Accolate
III)Albuterol
IV)Flovent

A)I and II
B)I,II,and III
C)I,III,and IV
D)I,II,and IV

Question 10

The immunoglobulin that is responsible for allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma is:

A)IgG.
B)IgM.
C)IgE.
D)IgA.

Question 11

The mechanism of action of cromolyn sodium is the:

A)Inhibition of calcium influx into the mast cell,which prevents the release of chemical mediators
B)Inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism
C)Suppression of HPA
D)Stimulation of lipoxygenase pathways

Question 12

Immunoglobulins are produced by which of the following?

A)Antigens
B)B lymphocytes
C)Antibodies
D)T lymphocytes

Question 13

All of the following are effects associated with the administration of glucocorticoids except:

A)Depletion of bone calcium.
B)Impairment of immunologic response.
C)A decrease in blood pressure.
D)An increase in blood glucose levels.

Question 14

Tapered doses of exogenous pharmacologic corticosteroid drugs are used to do which of the following?

A)Reduce the release of glucose
B)Allow time for the body to regain internal regulation of endogenous corticosteroids
C)Reduce stimulation of the hypothalamus
D)Increase adrenal suppression

Question 15

The type of asthma that responds to immunotherapy or allergy shots is:

A)Anaphylactic.
B)Intrinsic.
C)Nonatopic.
D)Extrinsic.

Question 16

All of the following function as a natural defense to inhaled foreign material except:

A)Lymphocytes.
B)Antigens.
C)Macrophages.
D)Antibodies.

Question 17

Which of the following adverse reactions are associated with the use of inhaled corticosteroids? I.Voice changes
II)Oropharyngeal fungal infection
III)Hoarseness
IV)Suppression of HPA

A)I and III
B)II and III
C)I,II,and III
D)I,II,III,and IV

Question 18

Leukotriene release can be explained by which of the following?

A)The release occurs during the early phase inflammatory response.
B)The lipoxygenase pathways release leukotriene,adding to the late-phase inflammatory response.
C)Arachidonic acid metabolism produces leukotriene through cyclooxygenase pathways.
D)Leukotrienes and prostaglandins are released through cyclooxygenase pathways.

Question 19

If exogenous corticosteroid drugs are used,all except which of the following can occur?

A)Adrenal gland atrophy
B)Dependence on pharmacologic corticosteroids
C)HPA suppression
D)Hypothalamic stimulation,causing CRF to be released

Question 20

Which of the following anti-inflammatory agents are available in MDI form? I.Hydrocortisone
II)Flunisolide
III)Triamcinolone
IV)Solu-Medrol

A)I and II
B)II,III,and IV
C)II and III
D)I,II,and IV

Question 21

You are asked to recommend treatment for a 16 year old who is seen in a hospital clinic for seasonal allergies and rhinitis.She explains to you that she suffers from scratchy throat,runny nose,cough,and sneezing but denies SOB and wheezing.What combination of drugs would best treat her allergy symptoms? I.Advair Diskus
II)Flonase
III)Allegra

A)I and II
B)I and III
C)II and III
D)I,II,and III

Question 22

Asthma that results from infection,cold air,exercise,or stress is referred to as ________________.

Question 23

During an asthmatic attack,the production of fatty acid arachidonic acid results in all of the following except:

A)Mast cell membrane destruction.
B)Leukotriene release.
C)A cascade of chemical mediators.
D)Prostaglandin release.

Question 24

______ 5.Cromolyn sodium can be used to relieve acute bronchospasm.

Question 25

______ 3.Over time,daily use of inhaled corticosteroids reverses airway remodeling.

Question 26

______ 4.Patients on long-term systemic steroid use may develop Cushing's syndrome and osteoporosis.

Question 27

Drugs that are time dependent and should not be used for acute reversal of bronchospasm include which of the following: I.Nedocromil
II)Montelukast
III)Fluticasone

A)I and II
B)I and III
C)II and III
D)I,II,and III TRUE/FALSE
Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.

Question 28

______ 1.Inflammation that occurs in the airways is usually in response to the release of IgG.

Question 29

The most commonly produced immune system antibody is the ________________.

Question 30

The antihistamine effect of Allegra is accomplished by which of the following mechanisms?

A)Blocking the action of histamine at histamine 1 receptors
B)Stabilizing the mast cell membrane and preventing release of histamine
C)Inhibiting the effect of histamine by blocking lipoxygenase pathways
D)Inhibiting cytokine release from nasal epithelial cells

Question 31

Airway inflammation occurs in response to stimulus that causes the release of ________________.

Question 32

______ 8.Leukotriene modifiers can be used as an alternative to low-dose inhaled steroids for long-term control of asthma.

Question 33

Antigens attach themselves to ________________ causing them to become sensitized.

Question 34

______ 10.Mast cells containing histamine are located in nasal passages but are not found in the airways.
FILL-IN-THE-BLANK
Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement.

Question 35

______ 9.Intranasal mast cell stabilizers and intranasal corticosteroids are used to treat allergic rhinitis.

Question 36

______ 2.Allergic asthma is also referred to as "extrinsic asthma."

Question 37

The immune response is not involved in ________________ asthma.

Question 38

Prophylactic antiasthmatic agents are known as:

A)Corticosteroids
B)Prostaglandins
C)Mast cell stabilizers
D)Leukotriene modifiers

Question 39

______ 7.All prostaglandins produce bronchial smooth muscle relaxation.

Question 40

______ 6.The late-phase response in the inflammatory process is not responsive to bronchodilator therapy.

Question 41

Nasal decongestants are ________________ drugs and cause vasoconstriction that reduces blood flow and swelling of the nasal passages.

Question 42

The cyclooxygenase pathway causes the release of ________________,which contributes to the late-phase response in asthma.

Question 43

_______________ receptors mediate the actions of histamine on gastric secretions.

Question 44

Inhaled corticosteroids are used primarily for their ________________ response in allergic asthma.

Question 45

The lipoxygenase pathway causes the release of ________________,which contributes to the late-phase response in asthma.

Question 46

Intranasal corticosteroids can take ________________ weeks to become beneficial in decreasing nasal congestion.

Question 47

Agents that prevent mast cell degranulation are referred to as ________________ and are useful in both nonallergic and allergic asthma.

Question 48

Explain what occurs in the late-phase response of the inflammatory process.

Question 49

The breakdown of the phospholipid membrane during an inflammatory response produces ________________ acid.

Question 50

Explain the mechanism of prostaglandin inhibitors in airway function.

Question 51

Histamine smooth muscle contraction is controlled by ________________ receptors.

Question 52

Corticosteroids block or diminish late-phase asthma responses by blocking the ________________ cascade.

Question 53

What is the difference between a B lymphocyte and a T lymphocyte in an antigen response?

Question 54

What is meant by immunotherapy?