Question 1

There is no need to document complete resolution of a pneumonic infiltrate on x-ray unless&#10;A)The patient has AIDS&#10;B)The patient is a smoker at risk for bronchogenic cancer&#10;C)Some symptomology,although mild,still persists&#10;D)None of the above

Accepted Answer

If the patient is a smoker at risk for bronchogenic cancer, it is important to document the resolution of a pneumonic infiltrate on x-ray to ensure that the infiltrate is not masking an underlying malignancy.

Question 2

Which of these organisms is not a cause of pneumonia?&#10;A)Viruses&#10;B)Fungi&#10;C)Algae&#10;D)Bacteria

Accepted Answer

Algae are not a common cause of pneumonia. Viruses, fungi, and bacteria can all cause pneumonia in humans.

Question 3

Specific immunological defense mechanisms include all of the following except:&#10;A)Phagocytosis by leukocytes&#10;B)Compliment&#10;C)Antibodies&#10;D)None of the above

Accepted Answer

The question asks for defense mechanisms that are specific, meaning they target specific pathogens. Phagocytosis and complement are non-specific mechanisms, while antibodies are specific. Therefore, none of the above is the correct answer as all options listed include non-specific mechanisms.

Question 4

Poor cough can compromise patients in which of these conditions?&#10;A)Drug overdose&#10;B)Neuromuscular disease&#10;C)Abdominal pain&#10;D)All the above

Accepted Answer

A poor cough can compromise patients in all the listed conditions: drug overdose can depress the respiratory drive and muscle function, neuromuscular diseases can weaken the muscles involved in coughing, and severe abdominal pain can inhibit the ability to cough effectively due to pain or discomfort.

Question 5

What is the significance of increased immature WBCs (bands)in the peripheral blood?&#10;A)Bacterial infection stimulates the bone marrow&#10;B)Worsening infection may necessitate younger &#34;soldiers&#34;&#10;C)A and B are correct&#10;D)Significant only if all other blood cell types are elevated

Accepted Answer

Increased immature WBCs (bands) in the peripheral blood is a sign that the bone marrow is being stimulated to produce more white blood cells due to a bacterial infection. As the infection worsens, younger "soldiers" may be needed to fight it off, hence the increase in bands. This is significant even if other blood cell types are not elevated.

Question 6

All of these are pulmonary factors that can predispose to pneumonia except:&#10;A)Asthma&#10;B)Smoking&#10;C)Pulmonary hypertension&#10;D)Bronchial obstruction by tumor

Accepted Answer

Asthma, smoking, and bronchial obstruction by tumor can all impair the normal clearance of bacteria from the lungs, making it easier for pathogens to colonize and cause pneumonia. However, pulmonary hypertension does not directly affect the lung's ability to clear bacteria and is not considered a significant risk factor for pneumonia.

Question 7

Which of these is not a pathway for organisms to enter the lungs in the adult?&#10;A)Aspiration&#10;B)From the blood&#10;C)Inhalation&#10;D)From the lymphatic system

Accepted Answer

The lymphatic system does not connect directly to the lungs, therefore organisms cannot enter the lungs from the lymphatic system in the adult. Aspiration occurs when foreign material enters the lungs due to swallowing or vomiting. Inhalation is the primary pathway for breathing in oxygen and other substances into the lungs. Organisms can enter the lungs from the blood if they are circulating in the bloodstream.

Question 8

Which of these is not a typical early sign or symptom of pneumonia?&#10;A)Fever&#10;B)Pleuritic pain&#10;C)Dyspnea&#10;D)Nausea

Accepted Answer

While nausea can sometimes occur with pneumonia, it is not one of the most typical early signs or symptoms. The most common early signs of pneumonia are fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Pleuritic pain, which is pain that worsens with deep breathing, is also a common symptom.

Question 9

What are major factors that make nosocomial pneumonia so hard to eradicate?&#10;A)Person-to-person spread of contagion&#10;B)Antibiotic resistance&#10;C)Numerous reservoirs for infection&#10;D)All the above

Accepted Answer

Nosocomial pneumonia is hard to eradicate because it can spread person-to-person, there may be antibiotic resistance, and there are numerous potential reservoirs for infection within a hospital setting. Therefore, all options (A, B, and C) are major factors that contribute to the difficulty in eradicating nosocomial pneumonia.

Question 10

What type of pneumonia is especially frequent in AIDS patients?&#10;A)Varicella zoster&#10;B)Pneumocystis carinii&#10;C)Staphylococcus aureus&#10;D)Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Accepted Answer

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is especially frequent in AIDS patients. PCP is a fungal infection that can cause severe respiratory illness in people with weakened immune systems, such as those with AIDS. Varicella zoster, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa can also cause pneumonia, but they are not particularly associated with AIDS patients.

Question 11

Factors that suppress the immune system include all of the following except:&#10;A)Transplantation&#10;B)AIDS&#10;C)Leukemia&#10;D)Poor hand washing

Accepted Answer

The answer of Factors that suppress the immune system include...

Question 12

Criteria for a poor sputum sample include all of the following except&#10;A)Many squamous epithelial cells surround the flora on the microscope slide&#10;B)Sample was obtained from mouth in such a way as to suggest patient was merely clearing throat or spitting&#10;C)No or very few WBCs are present in the sample&#10;D)The sample was aspirated aseptically and taken to the lab promptly

Accepted Answer

The answer of Criteria for a poor sputum sample include...

Question 13

Mechanical factors that guard the respiratory system from inhaled organisms include all of the following except:&#10;A)Filtration in the nose&#10;B)Destruction by gastric acid&#10;C)Gag and cough reflexes&#10;D)Ciliary movement

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mechanical factors that guard the respiratory system...

Question 14

What is the specific term for pneumonia that causes permanent damage to lung tissue?&#10;A)Lobar&#10;B)Bronchopulmonary&#10;C)Exudative&#10;D)Necrotizing

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the specific term for pneumonia...

Question 15

Which least describes the gas exchange abnormality seen in pneumonia patients?&#10;A)Areas of low  &#10;B)Increased anatomical dead space&#10;C)Increased alveolar dead space&#10;D)Shunt

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which least describes the gas exchange abnormality...

Question 16

Chest radiographs for pneumonia are needed when&#10;A)The patient is a child without tachypnea or fever&#10;B)The patient is an adult with clear breath sounds and a normal respiratory rate&#10;C)There is fever,tachypnea,and tachycardia at any age&#10;D)The patient exhibits severe symptomology,but is pregnant

Accepted Answer

The answer of Chest radiographs for pneumonia are needed when&#10;A)The...

Question 17

Lobar pneumonia is evidenced by all of the following except:&#10;A)Unilateral chest expansion on involved side&#10;B)Increased tactile fremitus on involved side&#10;C)Bronchial breath sounds&#10;D)Increased resonance to percussion

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lobar pneumonia is evidenced by all of...

Question 18

Your patient's preliminary sputum specimen reveals gram-positive,elongated diplococci.What is the most likely pathogen?&#10;A)Pneumococci&#10;B)Staphylococci&#10;C)Gonococci&#10;D)None of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your patient's preliminary sputum specimen reveals gram-positive,elongated...

Question 19

All of the following are true concerning pneumonia except:&#10;A)It is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States&#10;B)It has reemerged in recent years with antibiotic-resistant organisms&#10;C)Pneumonia is the most common fatal nosocomial infection&#10;D)Community-acquired pneumonia often requires hospitalization

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following are true concerning...

Question 20

Gram staining allows the patient to&#10;A)&#34;Fine tune&#34; antibiotic therapy to treat a specific organism&#10;B)Provide the CDC statistical research data&#10;C)Identify the more virulent strains of pseudomonas&#10;D)None of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of Gram staining allows the patient to&#10;A)&#34;Fine tune&#34;...

Deck 16: Bacterial Pneumonia