Deck 4: Ethics and Reviewing the Literature

Question 1

_____________ occurs when a researcher fakes or invents data that were not really collected,or falsely reports how research was conducted.

A)scientific misconduct
B)research fraud
C)plagiarism
D)research atrocities

Answer 1

B

Question 2

____________ means that people remain nameless,the subject's identity is protected,and the individual is unknown.

A)monogamy
B)confidentiality
C)anonymity
D)privacy

Answer 2

C

Question 3

___________ is the role a field researcher adopts where he or she reveals research is being conducted but is vague about its details.

A)shallow cover
B)explicit cover
C)illicit observation
D)covert observation

Answer 3

A

Question 4

_____________ is a fraud that occurs when a researcher steals the ideas or writings of another or uses them without citing the source.

A)scientific misconduct
B)research fraud
C)plagiarism
D)research atrocities

Question 5

The __________________ is based on three moral principles.

A)IRB
B)feminist/critical model of research ethics
C)codes of ethics
D)RIH

Question 6

Which of the following is not a moral principle of the feminist/critical model of research ethics?

A)ethical research is multivocal.
B)ethical research requires engaging in a dialogue within the communities of the people they wish to study.
C)ethical research requires the fair economic compensation of participants.
D)research processes must involve researchers and participants on open,equal terms will equalize power relations,generating a grass-roots criticism that can facilitate greater reflection and mutual political and moral awareness.

Question 7

A famous research study in which the researcher observed men engaging in sexual acts in a public bathroom and then tracked them down a year later to conduct covert interviews.

A)Humphreys's "tearoom trade" research
B)Douglas Harper visual experience
C)Stanley Milgram's obedience study
D)Zimbardo prison experiment

Question 8

_____________ are gross violations of human rights in the course of conducting scientific research.

A)scientific misconduct
B)research fraud
C)plagiarism
D)research atrocities

Question 9

A(n)_____________ is a preventative body;they are designed as a gatekeeper mechanism to ensure up front,before the research is conducted,that nothing potentially unethical will take place with regard to human participants.

A)IRB
B)feminist/critical model of research ethics
C)codes of ethics
D)RIH

Question 10

When the researcher fully reveals his or her purpose and asks permission it is called ______________.

A)shallow cover
B)explicit cover
C)illicit observation
D)covert observation

Question 11

_____________ is the ethical principle of requires that a scientist never force anyone to participate in research and do not lie unless it is required for legitimate research reasons.

A)utilitarianism
B)involuntary consent
C)voluntary consent
D)informed consent

Question 12

_____________ occurs when a researcher falsifies or distorts the data or the methods of data collection,or plagiarizes the work of others.

A)scientific misconduct
B)research fraud
C)plagiarism
D)research atrocities

Question 13

The role a field researcher adopts where he or she does not disclose to the research subjects the purpose or objective of the study.

A)shallow cover
B)explicit cover
C)illicit observation
D)covert observation

Question 14

In the _____________________ male college students were divided into two role-playing groups: guards and prisoners.

A)Humphreys's "tearoom trade" research
B)Douglas Harper visual experience
C)Stanley Milgram's obedience study
D)Zimbardo prison experiment

Question 15

Survey researchers invade a person's _________ when they probe into beliefs,backgrounds,and behaviors in a way that reveals intimate private details.

A)monogamy
B)confidentiality
C)anonymity
D)privacy

Question 16

____________________ attempted to discover how the horrors of the Holocaust under the Nazis could have occurred by examining the strength of social pressure to obey authority.

A)Humphreys's "tearoom trade" research
B)Douglas Harper visual experience
C)Stanley Milgram's obedience study
D)Zimbardo prison experiment

Question 17

_____________ asks if the potential benefits of the research-such as advancing the understanding of crime,improving criminal justice decision making,or helping research participants-outweigh the potential costs to research participants,such as potential physical harm,loss of dignity,self-esteem,privacy,or personal freedoms.

A)utilitarianism
B)involuntary consent
C)voluntary consent
D)informed consent

Question 18

______________ state proper and improper behavior and represent a consensus of professionals on ethics.

A)IRB
B)feminist/critical model of research ethics
C)codes of ethics
D)RIH

Question 19

_____________ means that participants can become aware of their rights and what they are getting involved in when they read and sign a statement giving,a written agreement to participate given by people after they learn something about the research procedure.

A)utilitarianism
B)involuntary consent
C)voluntary consent
D)informed consent

Question 20

___________ means that information may have names attached to it,but the researcher holds it in confidence or keeps it secret from the public.

A)monogamy
B)confidentiality
C)anonymity
D)privacy

Question 21

What are the objectives of conducting a literature review?

Question 22

The existing literature can help us to refine our research question.

Question 23

The existing literature can help us to when we write our final paper,which generally includes a review of the preexisting literature.

Question 24

What are the essential elements of informed consent?

Question 25

An integrative review.A common type of review in which the author presents and
summarizes the current state of knowledge on a topic,highlighting agreements and disagreements within it.It is often combined with a context review or may be published as an independent article as a service to other researchers.It is used in both quantitative
and qualitative studies.

Question 26

A historical review is a common type of review in which the author links a specific study to a larger body of knowledge.It often appears at the beginning of a research report and introduces the study by situating it within a broader framework and showing how it continues or builds on a developing line of thought or study.

Question 27

A methodological review.A specialized type of integrative review in which the author compares and evaluates the relative methodological strength of various studies and shows how different methodologies (e.g. ,research designs,measures,samples)account for different results.This is generally used in quantitative research.

Question 28

What are the general principles of ethical research?

Question 29

The existing literature can help us to better understand the object of study.

Question 30

The existing literature can help us to suggest the most successful research method.

Question 31

Dissertation are peer-reviewed books,usually published by academic presses,that present comprehensive research studies,or a series of studies.

Question 32

All graduate students who receive a PhD degree are required to complete a work of original research,which they write up as a scholarly book.