Question 1

_____ play(s)a critical role as a neurotransmitter that stimulates muscles to contract.&#10;A)Acetylcholine&#10;B)GABA&#10;C)Dopamine&#10;D)Endorphins

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that plays a critical role in stimulating muscles to contract. It is released by motor neurons at the neuromuscular junction, where it binds to receptors on muscle fibers and causes contraction.

Question 2

The flight-or-fight response is mobilized by the&#10;A)central nervous system.&#10;B)somatic nervous system.&#10;C)sympathetic nervous system.&#10;D)parasympathetic nervous system.

Accepted Answer

The flight-or-fight response is a physiological response to stress or danger that is mobilized by the sympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system is part of the autonomic nervous system, which is responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing. When the sympathetic nervous system is activated, it triggers the release of adrenaline and other stress hormones, which prepare the body for action in response to a perceived threat or stressor. This can include increased heart rate, rapid breathing, and dilation of the pupils, among other physical changes.

Question 3

Ali is in the hospital about to undergo a brain-imaging process that involves taking many X-rays from different angles.What type of imaging technique is being used?&#10;A)electroencephalography (EEG)&#10;B)magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)&#10;C)positron-emission tomography (PET)&#10;D)computed tomography (CT)

Accepted Answer

The process described in the question involves taking X-rays from different angles, which is a characteristic of computed tomography (CT) imaging.

Question 4

If the heritability of a particular trait is found to be 60 percent,then by definition the other 40 percent is due to&#10;A)random chance that impacts every organism.&#10;B)prenatal environmental influences,such as toxins or viruses.&#10;C)the effects of gene mutation.&#10;D)differences in the individual's environment.

Accepted Answer

Heritability refers to the proportion of variation in a trait that can be attributed to genetic factors. The remaining proportion of variation (in this case, 40 percent) is due to differences in the individual's environment, such as upbringing, nutrition, and experiences. Therefore, D is the correct choice. A is incorrect because random chance is not a systematic factor that can explain variation in a trait. B is incorrect because prenatal environmental influences would be included in the heritability estimate if they were found to have a genetic basis. C is incorrect because gene mutations are also included in the heritability estimate if they contribute to variation in the trait.

Question 5

Your teacher asks you to describe the sequence of parts of a neuron that the impulse travels during neural conduction.Which of the following sequences will you offer?&#10;A)dendrites,axon,soma,synaptic knob&#10;B)terminal buttons,axon,soma dendrite&#10;C)axon,soma,dendrites,synaptic knob&#10;D)dendrites,soma,axon,axon terminal

Accepted Answer

The correct sequence for the impulse travel during neural conduction is dendrites (where the neuron receives signals), soma (cell body where the signals are processed), axon (the long fiber that transmits the signal), and axon terminal (synaptic knob, where the signal is passed to the next neuron or effector cell).

Question 6

Within neurons,the term potentiation refers to&#10;A)synapses that show stronger and prolonged excitatory responses.&#10;B)structural changes in the neuron.&#10;C)neural plasticity.&#10;D)maturational development.

Accepted Answer

Potentiation refers to the strengthening of synapses, leading to stronger and prolonged excitatory responses. This is a form of neural plasticity that occurs through changes in the efficacy of synaptic transmission, without necessarily involving changes in the structure of the neuron. Potentiation is an important mechanism for learning and memory formation in the brain. Maturational development, on the other hand, refers to the natural changes in the nervous system that occur over time as a result of genetic and environmental factors, and do not necessarily involve changes in synaptic strength.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true?&#10;A)Many parts of the brain appear to have no useful function in today's world.&#10;B)Losses of small areas of certain parts of the brain rarely cause devastating,often permanent,losses of function.&#10;C)All the brain areas become active on brain scans at one time or another as we think,feel,and perceive.&#10;D)Every part of the brain has a redundant backup,which is why brain injuries are so rarely serious.

Accepted Answer

All brain areas become active on brain scans as we think, feel, and perceive. This statement is supported by research using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) which shows that different parts of the brain become active in response to different tasks and stimuli.

Question 8

Marta was in an automobile accident and suffered an injury to her brain,resulting in paralysis of her left arm.What part of Marta's brain was injured?&#10;A)Auditory association area&#10;B)Motor cortex&#10;C)Somatosensory cortex&#10;D)Broca's area

Accepted Answer

The motor cortex is responsible for voluntary movements of the body, including the arms. Paralysis of the left arm suggests that the injury occurred in the part of the motor cortex that controls movement of the right arm (because the motor cortex is crossed-wired, controlling movement of the opposite side of the body).

Answer: C 
 The somatosensory cortex is responsible for processing sensory information from different parts of the body, including touch, pressure, temperature, and pain. It is unlikely that damage to this area alone would cause paralysis of the left arm, as that is a motor deficit rather than a sensory one.

Answer: A 
 The auditory association area is responsible for processing auditory information and interpreting sounds. Damage to this area would likely result in hearing problems, but not paralysis of the left arm.

Answer: D 
 Broca's area is responsible for language production and is located in the left hemisphere of the brain in most people. Damage to this area would result in difficulty speaking, but not paralysis of the left arm.

Question 9

During an action potential,the electrical charge inside the neuron is _____ the electrical charge outside the neuron.&#10;A)positive compared to&#10;B)larger than&#10;C)negative compared to&#10;D)smaller than

Accepted Answer

During an action potential, the inside of the neuron becomes positively charged compared to the outside due to the influx of sodium ions.

Question 10

_____ are slender threads inside of a cell's nucleus that carry genes.&#10;A)Chromosomes&#10;B)Ribosomes&#10;C)Golgisomes&#10;D)DNA strands

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes are the structures within the cell's nucleus that are made up of DNA and proteins, and they carry genes.

Deck 3: Exsetntion: Biological Psychology