Deck 14: Endocrine System
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Deck 14: Endocrine System
1
The combining form (CF) adren/o means
A) parathyroid glands.
B) adrenal glands.
C) adenoids.
D) thyroid gland.
E) thymus gland.
A) parathyroid glands.
B) adrenal glands.
C) adenoids.
D) thyroid gland.
E) thymus gland.
adrenal glands.
2
Cells that respond to the effects of a hormone are called
A) reticular cells.
B) target cells.
C) satellite cells.
D) stem cells.
E) sensory cells.
A) reticular cells.
B) target cells.
C) satellite cells.
D) stem cells.
E) sensory cells.
target cells.
3
The CF crin/o means
A) crinology.
B) secrete.
C) absorb.
D) cross.
E) hidden.
A) crinology.
B) secrete.
C) absorb.
D) cross.
E) hidden.
secrete.
4
The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is also called the
A) thalamus.
B) neurohypophysis.
C) hypothalamus.
D) hypophysis.
E) adenohypophysis.
A) thalamus.
B) neurohypophysis.
C) hypothalamus.
D) hypophysis.
E) adenohypophysis.
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5
The CF calc/o means
A) carbon dioxide.
B) calcaneum.
C) carbonate.
D) calcium.
E) calcine.
A) carbon dioxide.
B) calcaneum.
C) carbonate.
D) calcium.
E) calcine.
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6
The "master gland" that regulates other glands is called the
A) thyroid.
B) pineal.
C) pituitary.
D) parathyroid.
E) adrenal.
A) thyroid.
B) pineal.
C) pituitary.
D) parathyroid.
E) adrenal.
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7
The four parathyroid glands are
A) located on the anterior upper surface of the thyroid gland.
B) located on the anterior lower surface of the thyroid gland.
C) located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland.
D) embedded in the middle of the thyroid gland.
E) located on the four edges of the thyroid gland.
A) located on the anterior upper surface of the thyroid gland.
B) located on the anterior lower surface of the thyroid gland.
C) located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland.
D) embedded in the middle of the thyroid gland.
E) located on the four edges of the thyroid gland.
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8
A state of equilibrium in the internal environment of the body is called
A) cretinism.
B) homeostasis.
C) glycogenesis.
D) hirsutism.
E) metabolism.
A) cretinism.
B) homeostasis.
C) glycogenesis.
D) hirsutism.
E) metabolism.
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9
Which gland regulates metabolism?
A) Pineal
B) Pancreas (islets of Langerhans)
C) Parathyroid
D) Adrenal
E) Thyroid
A) Pineal
B) Pancreas (islets of Langerhans)
C) Parathyroid
D) Adrenal
E) Thyroid
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10
Which substance is an electrolyte?
A) Epinephrine
B) Cortisol
C) Glucose
D) Potassium
E) Insulin
A) Epinephrine
B) Cortisol
C) Glucose
D) Potassium
E) Insulin
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11
The CF home/o means
A) different.
B) unlike.
C) same, alike.
D) humerus.
E) sweat.
A) different.
B) unlike.
C) same, alike.
D) humerus.
E) sweat.
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12
Which of the following substances acts as an electrolyte?
A) Insulin
B) Cortisol
C) Sodium
D) Glucagon
E) Thyroxine
A) Insulin
B) Cortisol
C) Sodium
D) Glucagon
E) Thyroxine
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13
Which hormone initiates labor during childbirth?
A) Prolactin
B) Somatropin
C) Glucocorticoid
D) Estrogen
E) Oxytocin
A) Prolactin
B) Somatropin
C) Glucocorticoid
D) Estrogen
E) Oxytocin
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14
Which hormone is responsible for lowering blood glucose levels?
A) Glucagon
B) Cortisol
C) Aldosterone
D) Insulin
E) Androgen
A) Glucagon
B) Cortisol
C) Aldosterone
D) Insulin
E) Androgen
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15
Which hormone does the adrenal medulla secrete during a crisis situation?
A) Glucagon
B) Insulin
C) Aldosterone
D) Cortisol
E) Epinephrine
A) Glucagon
B) Insulin
C) Aldosterone
D) Cortisol
E) Epinephrine
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16
The CF glyc/o means
A) milk.
B) protein.
C) granule.
D) glue.
E) sugar, sweetness.
A) milk.
B) protein.
C) granule.
D) glue.
E) sugar, sweetness.
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17
The CF kal/i means
A) calcium.
B) carbonate.
C) nucleus.
D) potassium (an electrolyte).
E) plasma.
A) calcium.
B) carbonate.
C) nucleus.
D) potassium (an electrolyte).
E) plasma.
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18
Which organ produces insulin?
A) Thyroid gland
B) Pineal gland
C) Pancreas
D) Kidneys
E) Pituitary gland
A) Thyroid gland
B) Pineal gland
C) Pancreas
D) Kidneys
E) Pituitary gland
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19
The CF pancreat/o means
A) parathyroid.
B) pancreas.
C) sugar.
D) insulin.
E) gland.
A) parathyroid.
B) pancreas.
C) sugar.
D) insulin.
E) gland.
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20
The pituitary hormone that promotes lactation following childbirth is called
A) oxytocin.
B) luteinizing hormone.
C) somatotropin.
D) prolactin.
E) follicle-stimulating hormone.
A) oxytocin.
B) luteinizing hormone.
C) somatotropin.
D) prolactin.
E) follicle-stimulating hormone.
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21
The CF thyr/o means
A) thyroid gland.
B) parathyroid gland.
C) thymus gland.
D) adrenal gland.
E) pineal gland.
A) thyroid gland.
B) parathyroid gland.
C) thymus gland.
D) adrenal gland.
E) pineal gland.
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22
Hypersecretion of urine is called
A) polydipsia.
B) anuria.
C) glycosuria.
D) hyperuricemia.
E) diuresis.
A) polydipsia.
B) anuria.
C) glycosuria.
D) hyperuricemia.
E) diuresis.
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23
The CF toxic/o means
A) death.
B) tension.
C) decay.
D) poison.
E) destruction.
A) death.
B) tension.
C) decay.
D) poison.
E) destruction.
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24
Diagnosis of which type of diabetes usually occurs when patients are children or young adults?
A) Diabetes insipidus
B) Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
C) Non-insulin-dependent diabetes insipidus
D) Type 1 diabetes
E) Type 2 diabetes
A) Diabetes insipidus
B) Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
C) Non-insulin-dependent diabetes insipidus
D) Type 1 diabetes
E) Type 2 diabetes
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25
Exophthalmos is a disorder caused by hypersecretion of T3 and T4 from the
A) pineal gland.
B) thyroid gland.
C) pancreas.
D) gonads.
E) parathyroid gland.
A) pineal gland.
B) thyroid gland.
C) pancreas.
D) gonads.
E) parathyroid gland.
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26
The suffix -gen means
A) genetic.
B) genitalia.
C) forming, producing, origin.
D) ganglion.
E) pregnancy.
A) genetic.
B) genitalia.
C) forming, producing, origin.
D) ganglion.
E) pregnancy.
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27
Hypersecretion of thyroxine causes which disorder?
A) Graves disease
B) Myxedema
C) Cretinism
D) Addison disease
E) Tetany
A) Graves disease
B) Myxedema
C) Cretinism
D) Addison disease
E) Tetany
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28
An abnormal condition of low sodium in the blood is called
A) hypovolemia.
B) hypokalemia.
C) hypocalcemia.
D) hypoglycemia.
E) hyponatremia.
A) hypovolemia.
B) hypokalemia.
C) hypocalcemia.
D) hypoglycemia.
E) hyponatremia.
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29
Gigantism and dwarfism result from improper secretion of growth hormone from the
A) pituitary gland.
B) adrenal gland.
C) thyroid gland.
D) pancreatic gland.
E) thymus gland.
A) pituitary gland.
B) adrenal gland.
C) thyroid gland.
D) pancreatic gland.
E) thymus gland.
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30
An endocrinologist would treat which disease?
A) Cerebral palsy
B) Stroke
C) Diabetes
D) Meningitis
E) Myeloma
A) Cerebral palsy
B) Stroke
C) Diabetes
D) Meningitis
E) Myeloma
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31
Hypersecretion of cortisol by the adrenal cortex causes
A) Cushing syndrome.
B) Graves disease.
C) cretinism.
D) myxedema.
E) diabetes.
A) Cushing syndrome.
B) Graves disease.
C) cretinism.
D) myxedema.
E) diabetes.
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32
The prefix poly- means
A) change.
B) many, much.
C) excessive.
D) above normal.
E) gray.
A) change.
B) many, much.
C) excessive.
D) above normal.
E) gray.
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33
In adults, hypersecretion by the thyroid gland causes
A) cretinism.
B) myxedema.
C) osteoporosis.
D) Graves disease.
E) tetany.
A) cretinism.
B) myxedema.
C) osteoporosis.
D) Graves disease.
E) tetany.
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34
Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of the
A) parathyroid glands.
B) adrenal glands.
C) pancreas.
D) pineal gland.
E) thyroid gland.
A) parathyroid glands.
B) adrenal glands.
C) pancreas.
D) pineal gland.
E) thyroid gland.
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35
The prefix exo- means
A) exocrine.
B) outside, outward.
C) inward.
D) abnormal.
E) excrete.
A) exocrine.
B) outside, outward.
C) inward.
D) abnormal.
E) excrete.
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36
The suffix -emia means
A) blood condition.
B) thirst.
C) lymph.
D) insulin.
E) urinary condition.
A) blood condition.
B) thirst.
C) lymph.
D) insulin.
E) urinary condition.
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37
What term means an excessive growth of body hair, especially in women?
A) virilism
B) hirsutism
C) diuresis
D) cretinism
E) tetany
A) virilism
B) hirsutism
C) diuresis
D) cretinism
E) tetany
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38
The prefix micro- means
A) large.
B) micron.
C) small.
D) expansive.
E) less.
A) large.
B) micron.
C) small.
D) expansive.
E) less.
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39
A characteristic of tetany is
A) muscle spasms.
B) bone spurs.
C) tumors.
D) increased calcium levels.
E) blurred vision.
A) muscle spasms.
B) bone spurs.
C) tumors.
D) increased calcium levels.
E) blurred vision.
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40
The prefix eu- means
A) good, normal.
B) euphoria.
C) out from.
D) euphonism.
E) feeling.
A) good, normal.
B) euphoria.
C) out from.
D) euphonism.
E) feeling.
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41
Excessive development of mammary tissue in males is called
A) hyperplasia.
B) gynecomastia.
C) galactorrhea.
D) adnexa.
E) hypervolemia.
A) hyperplasia.
B) gynecomastia.
C) galactorrhea.
D) adnexa.
E) hypervolemia.
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42
Which procedure involves partial or complete excision of the pituitary gland?
A) Adenectomy
B) Adrenalectomy
C) Hypophysectomy
D) Encephalectomy
E) Encephalotomy
A) Adenectomy
B) Adrenalectomy
C) Hypophysectomy
D) Encephalectomy
E) Encephalotomy
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43
An elevated potassium level in the blood is called
A) hypervolemia.
B) hyperkalemia.
C) hyponatremia.
D) hypercalcemia.
E) hypothyroidism.
A) hypervolemia.
B) hyperkalemia.
C) hyponatremia.
D) hypercalcemia.
E) hypothyroidism.
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44
Acromegaly results from hypersecretion of
A) insulin.
B) thyroid-stimulating hormone.
C) growth hormone.
D) glucocorticoids.
E) prolactin.
A) insulin.
B) thyroid-stimulating hormone.
C) growth hormone.
D) glucocorticoids.
E) prolactin.
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45
Pronounced hyperthyroidism is a characteristic of which disorder?
A) Graves disease
B) Acromegaly
C) Cushing syndrome
D) Addison disease
E) Hypothyroidism
A) Graves disease
B) Acromegaly
C) Cushing syndrome
D) Addison disease
E) Hypothyroidism
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46
Which surgical procedure involves incision of the thyroid gland?
A) Thyrostomy
B) Thyrotomy
C) Thyropathy
D) Thyromegaly
E) Thyroidectomy
A) Thyrostomy
B) Thyrotomy
C) Thyropathy
D) Thyromegaly
E) Thyroidectomy
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47
Which disorder is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by enlargement of the facial and jaw bones?
A) Thyrotoxicosis
B) Goiter
C) Graves disease
D) Hyperkalemia
E) Acromegaly
A) Thyrotoxicosis
B) Goiter
C) Graves disease
D) Hyperkalemia
E) Acromegaly
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48
Onset of diabetes that occurs later in life is called
A) type 1.
B) hyperglycemia.
C) ketosis.
D) type 2.
E) ketoacidosis.
A) type 1.
B) hyperglycemia.
C) ketosis.
D) type 2.
E) ketoacidosis.
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49
Hypersecretion of adrenal estrogen and progestin in males leads to
A) masculinization.
B) cretinism.
C) dwarfism.
D) virilism.
E) feminization.
A) masculinization.
B) cretinism.
C) dwarfism.
D) virilism.
E) feminization.
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50
In which condition are sodium blood levels lower than normal?
A) Hypervolemia
B) Hyperkalemia
C) Hyponatremia
D) Hypercalcemia
E) Hypothyroidism
A) Hypervolemia
B) Hyperkalemia
C) Hyponatremia
D) Hypercalcemia
E) Hypothyroidism
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51
A clinical manifestation of Addison disease is
A) jaundice on the extremities.
B) muscle weakness.
C) blurred vision.
D) anorexia.
E) kidney polyp.
A) jaundice on the extremities.
B) muscle weakness.
C) blurred vision.
D) anorexia.
E) kidney polyp.
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52
Which disease is characterized by polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia?
A) Diabetes mellitus
B) Myelomalacia
C) Hypercalcemia
D) Acromegaly
E) Jaundice
A) Diabetes mellitus
B) Myelomalacia
C) Hypercalcemia
D) Acromegaly
E) Jaundice
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53
Which laboratory test measures blood glucose levels in a blood sample after the patient refrains from eating food for at least 8 hours?
A) Insulin tolerance test
B) Thyroid function test
C) Total calcium test
D) Glucose tolerance test
E) Fasting blood glucose
A) Insulin tolerance test
B) Thyroid function test
C) Total calcium test
D) Glucose tolerance test
E) Fasting blood glucose
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54
Which term means excessive glucose in the blood?
A) hypoglycemia
B) glucogenesis
C) glucosuria
D) hyperglycemia
E) glycogen
A) hypoglycemia
B) glucogenesis
C) glucosuria
D) hyperglycemia
E) glycogen
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55
Which screening test determines how quickly glucose is cleared from the blood at regular intervals after a fast of at least 8 hours?
A) Insulin tolerance test
B) Thyroid function test
C) Total calcium test
D) Glucose tolerance test
E) Fasting blood glucose
A) Insulin tolerance test
B) Thyroid function test
C) Total calcium test
D) Glucose tolerance test
E) Fasting blood glucose
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56
An enlargement of the thyroid gland is called
A) hypergonadism.
B) euthyroid.
C) thyromegaly.
D) tetany.
E) hypophyseal enlargement.
A) hypergonadism.
B) euthyroid.
C) thyromegaly.
D) tetany.
E) hypophyseal enlargement.
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57
The procedure to incise and remove a pancreatic stone is called
A) pancreatolithotomy.
B) pancreatopathy.
C) pancreatomegaly.
D) pancreatoma.
E) pancreatolithiasis.
A) pancreatolithotomy.
B) pancreatopathy.
C) pancreatomegaly.
D) pancreatoma.
E) pancreatolithiasis.
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58
A disorder caused by hyperthyroidism is
A) adenoma.
B) neoplasm.
C) goiter.
D) cretinism.
E) Addison disease.
A) adenoma.
B) neoplasm.
C) goiter.
D) cretinism.
E) Addison disease.
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59
Which procedure involves the excision of one or more parathyroid glands?
A) Parathyroidotomy
B) Thyroidectomy
C) Parathyroidectomy
D) Thyroidolysis
E) Parathyroidolysis
A) Parathyroidotomy
B) Thyroidectomy
C) Parathyroidectomy
D) Thyroidolysis
E) Parathyroidolysis
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60
An abnormal condition of pancreatic stones is called
A) pancreatitis.
B) pancreatopathy.
C) pancreatomegaly.
D) pancreatoma.
E) pancreatolithiasis.
A) pancreatitis.
B) pancreatopathy.
C) pancreatomegaly.
D) pancreatoma.
E) pancreatolithiasis.
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61
Which procedure involves excision of the pituitary gland through the sphenoid sinus without disturbing brain tissue?
A) Pituitarotomy
B) Transsphenoidal hypophysectomy
C) Encephalectomy
D) Cephalotomy
E) Exophthalmometry
A) Pituitarotomy
B) Transsphenoidal hypophysectomy
C) Encephalectomy
D) Cephalotomy
E) Exophthalmometry
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62
Which abbreviation stands for parathormone?
A) PBI
B) ADH
C) PTH
D) TSH
E) LH
A) PBI
B) ADH
C) PTH
D) TSH
E) LH
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63
Hyposecretion of growth hormone in infants causes gigantism.
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64
Hypothyroidism that develops during adulthood is known as cretinism.
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65
Hypersecretion of thyroxine causes Graves disease.
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66
The adrenal cortex is associated with osteoporosis.
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67
Which abbreviation is associated with an electrolyte?
A) DI
B) K
C) LT
D) T3
E) T4
A) DI
B) K
C) LT
D) T3
E) T4
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68
Which laboratory test measures the amount of blood glucose levels after the administration of glucose?
A) TFT
B) HRT
C) GTT
D) GH
E) PGH
A) TFT
B) HRT
C) GTT
D) GH
E) PGH
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69
Hyposecretion of prolactin in nursing mothers causes galactorrhea.
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70
The blood test used to diagnose diabetes by measuring the percentage of hemoglobin coated with glucose is called
A) fasting blood glucose.
B) A1c test.
C) RAIU
D) glucose tolerance test.
E) insulin tolerance test.
A) fasting blood glucose.
B) A1c test.
C) RAIU
D) glucose tolerance test.
E) insulin tolerance test.
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71
Which classification of drugs helps in preparing for thyroidectomy or treating thyrotoxic crisis?
A) Antidiuretics
B) Antithyroids
C) Thyroid supplements
D) Corticosteroids
E) Growth hormones
A) Antidiuretics
B) Antithyroids
C) Thyroid supplements
D) Corticosteroids
E) Growth hormones
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72
Which abbreviation denotes diabetic complications that occur when the body produces high levels of blood acids called ketones?
A) DKA
B) TFT
C) PTH
D) FBS
E) GH
A) DKA
B) TFT
C) PTH
D) FBS
E) GH
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73
A radioactive iodine uptake and scan is a nuclear procedure associated with diagnosing the
A) pancreas.
B) thymus gland.
C) pituitary gland.
D) thyroid gland.
E) adrenal glands.
A) pancreas.
B) thymus gland.
C) pituitary gland.
D) thyroid gland.
E) adrenal glands.
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74
Which classification of drugs helps treat Addison disease?
A) Antidiuretics
B) Antithyroids
C) Thyroid supplements
D) Corticosteroids
E) Growth hormones
A) Antidiuretics
B) Antithyroids
C) Thyroid supplements
D) Corticosteroids
E) Growth hormones
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75
What classification of drugs increases skeletal growth in children?
A) Anticoagulants
B) Corticosteroids
C) Oral hypoglycemics
D) Growth hormone replacements
E) Antithyroids
A) Anticoagulants
B) Corticosteroids
C) Oral hypoglycemics
D) Growth hormone replacements
E) Antithyroids
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76
Decreased calcium and phosphorus in the blood may cause tetany.
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77
Which classification of drugs suppresses inflammation and controls allergic reactions?
A) Anticoagulants
B) Corticosteroids
C) Oral hypoglycemics
D) Growth hormone replacements
E) Antithyroids
A) Anticoagulants
B) Corticosteroids
C) Oral hypoglycemics
D) Growth hormone replacements
E) Antithyroids
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78
Which abbreviation is associated with administration of iodine?
A) NPH
B) TFT
C) PTH
D) RAI
E) FSH
A) NPH
B) TFT
C) PTH
D) RAI
E) FSH
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79
Which classification of drugs helps treat type 2 diabetes?
A) Insulins
B) Corticosteroids
C) Oral hypoglycemics
D) Growth hormone replacements
E) Antidiuretics
A) Insulins
B) Corticosteroids
C) Oral hypoglycemics
D) Growth hormone replacements
E) Antidiuretics
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80
Which imaging procedure obtains images of the thyroid gland after oral or intravenous administration of radioactive iodine to identify thyroid pathologies, such as tumors?
A) Thyroid function test
B) Protein-bound iodine test
C) Thyroid scan
D) Radioactive iodine uptake
E) Insulin tolerance test
A) Thyroid function test
B) Protein-bound iodine test
C) Thyroid scan
D) Radioactive iodine uptake
E) Insulin tolerance test
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