Deck 28: Forgetting, Memory Construction, and Applying Memory Principles to Your Own Education

Question 1

Spearman referred to the general capacity that may underlie all of a person's mental abilities as

A) multiple intelligence.
B) the g factor.
C) factor analysis.
D) emotional intelligence.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Those who score above average on tests of mathematical aptitude are also likely to score above average on tests of verbal aptitude.According to Spearman,this best illustrates the importance of

A) existential intelligence.
B) multiple intelligence.
C) the g factor.
D) factor analysis.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following was NOT one of Thurstone's primary mental abilities?

A) verbal comprehension
B) perceptual speed
C) inductive reasoning
D) analytical intelligence

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Who argued for a classification of nine independent intelligences,which include musical,spatial,and kinesthetic aptitudes?

A) Charles Spearman
B) Howard Gardner
C) L.L.Thurstone
D) Robert Sternberg

Question 5

Maxine achieves high scores on tests of word fluency but not on tests of numerical ability.Maxine's selective abilities fits well with whose theory of intelligence?

A) L.L.Thurstone
B) Charles Spearman
C) Howard Gardner
D) Edward Thorndike

Question 6

The characteristics of savant syndrome have been used to support

A) Spearman's belief in a general intelligence,or g,factor.
B) Thurstone's notion of social intelligence.
C) Gardner's argument for multiple intelligences.
D) Sternberg's triarchic theory.

Question 7

A person who demonstrates an exceptional specific mental skill while otherwise often remaining very limited in intellectual capacity is said to show signs of

A) emotional intelligence.
B) savant syndrome.
C) existential intelligence.
D) analytical intelligence.

Question 8

Jill is great with animals.She cares for them deeply and seems to have a knack for interacting with them.Howard Gardner would most likely suggest that she is high in ________intelligence.

A) linguistic
B) bodily-kinesthetic
C) naturalist
D) existential

Question 9

Gardner's argument for multiple intelligences receives support from the

A) existence of creative intelligence.
B) 28-year rule.
C) characteristics of savant syndrome.
D) existence of a g factor.

Question 10

The ability to learn from experience,solve problems,and use knowledge to adapt to new situations is known as

A) savant syndrome.
B) triarchic thinking.
C) intelligence.
D) factor analysis.

Question 11

Factor analysis has been used to assess whether

A) intelligence is determined primarily by heredity or by experience.
B) intelligence is a single trait or a collection of distinct abilities.
C) intelligence scores remain stable over the life span.
D) differences in intellectual ability exist between groups of individuals.

Question 12

Psychological tests show that 18-year-old Isaiah has an intelligence score of 65.Nevertheless,Isaiah can,with a few seconds of mental calculation,accurately tell the day of the week on which Christmas falls for any year in this century.It would be fair to conclude that

A) Isaiah is a person with autism spectrum disorder.
B) intelligence tests are generally good measures of verbal but not of mathematical intelligence.
C) Isaiah is a person with savant syndrome.
D) Isaiah excels in existential intelligence.

Question 13

The sort of problem solving that demonstrates "school smarts" is what researchers have historically assessed in their tests of

A) street smarts.
B) intelligence.
C) emotional intelligence.
D) social intelligence.

Question 14

Caleb had a high score on both the critical reading and mathematics sections of the SAT.He is an excellent map-reader and his reasoning abilities are fantastic.According to Spearman,what is likely underlying these abilities?

A) savant syndrome
B) factor analysis
C) general intelligence (g factor)
D) multiple intelligences

Question 15

A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related test items that seem to tap a common ability is called

A) savant syndrome.
B) multiple intelligence.
C) seven clusters of primary abilities.
D) factor analysis.

Question 16

Investigators detected a tendency for those who excelled in one of Thurstone's seven primary mental abilities to also demonstrate high levels of competence in other abilities.This provided some evidence of

A) savant syndrome.
B) multiple intelligences.
C) existential intelligence.
D) general intelligence.

Question 17

Chandra is very athletic and is able to quickly master new and complex dance routines.Howard Gardner would be most likely to suggest that Chandra demonstrates a high level of

A) social intelligence.
B) spatial intelligence.
C) emotional intelligence.
D) bodily-kinesthetic intelligence.

Question 18

Which of the following disorders often co-occurs with savant syndrome?

A) existential intelligence
B) practical intelligence
C) reduce perception of emotions
D) autism spectrum disorder

Question 19

Those who emphasize the importance of the g factor would be most likely to encourage

A) discontinuing special programs for intellectually advantaged children.
B) deriving adult intelligence test scores from the ratio of mental age to chronological age.
C) using a small standardization sample in the process of intelligence test construction.
D) quantifying intelligence with a single numerical score.

Question 20

Miguel is a published philosopher.He regularly spends time in a monastery to ponder large questions about life,death,and human existence.According to Gardner,Miguel is demonstrating ________ intelligence.

A) emotional
B) interpersonal
C) existential
D) analytical

Question 21

Rebecca makes straight As in all her classes but is not good at drawing,painting,writing,or singing.Sternberg would say that Rebecca is high in

A) practical intelligence but low in analytical intelligence.
B) analytical intelligence but low in creative intelligence.
C) creative intelligence but low in practical intelligence.
D) practical intelligence and high in analytical intelligence.

Question 22

Intelligence is defined as

A) a person's score on an academic test.
B) having one special talent.
C) the ability to learn from experience,solve problems,and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.
D) being disciplined.

Question 23

Manny's wife had a terrible day at work,and then at home she had to drive the children to their after-school activities.To top it all off,she has yet to make dinner plans.When Manny comes home from work,he fails to notice his wife's stress level and instead asks if he can go out with his friends to watch a football game.Manny is demonstrating a low level of

A) existential intelligence.
B) analytic intelligence.
C) emotional intelligence.
D) practical intelligence.

Question 24

In very stressful or embarrassing situations,Sanura is able to maintain her poise and help others to feel comfortable.Sanura's ability best illustrates the value of

A) linguistic intelligence.
B) spatial intelligence.
C) practical intelligence.
D) emotional intelligence.

Question 25

K.Anders Ericsson and others report a 28-year rule for expert performance that highlights the importance of

A) a g factor.
B) factor analysis.
C) daily practice.
D) social intelligence.

Question 26

Doggedly persistent motivation and drive is often necessary for successful accomplishments.This best illustrates the importance of

A) the g factor.
B) factor analysis.
C) existential intelligence.
D) grit.

Question 27

Which of the following statements is true of intelligence,according to Charles Spearman?

A) Intelligence comprises multiple abilities that come in different packages.
B) Those who score high in one area of intelligence typically score higher than average in other areas.
C) Every act of intelligence is backed by a different factor of intelligence.
D) General intelligence was a form of intelligence that helped people solve novel problems,not everyday problems.

Question 28

Who is most likely to be criticized for extending the definition of intelligence to an overly broad range of talents?

A) Howard Gardner
B) Robert Sternberg
C) Charles Spearman
D) L.L.Thurstone

Question 29

Who identified nine independent intelligences,including the verbal and math aptitudes that can be assessed by standardized tests?

A) Howard Gardner
B) Kim Peek
C) L.L.Thurstone
D) Robert Sternberg

Question 30

Of the following,who best illustrates Sternberg's concept of analytical intelligence?

A) Trudy,a student who receives lower grades in physical education than in any other course
B) Freda,a business executive who effectively motivates her sales staff
C) Selma,a 9-year-old who solves complicated mathematical problems in record time
D) Nicole,a teenager who completes the road test for her driver's license without a single error

Question 31

Academic problem solving is an example of which type of intelligence,according to Sternberg?

A) analytical
B) creative
C) practical
D) spatial

Question 32

Superior performance on intelligence tests is most likely to be indicative of

A) Sternberg's concept of analytical intelligence.
B) Gardner's concept of athletic intelligence.
C) Thurstone's concept of social intelligence.
D) Mayer's concept of emotional intelligence.

Question 33

One component of emotional intelligence involves

A) the ability to completely forget emotionally traumatic experiences.
B) a lack of concern about receiving social approval.
C) predicting accurately when feelings are about to change.
D) selectively focusing attention on positive thoughts and feelings.

Question 34

Robert Sternberg distinguished among analytical,creative,and ________ intelligence.

A) spatial
B) musical
C) practical
D) interpersonal

Question 35

Emotional intelligence is a critical component of

A) creative intelligence.
B) social intelligence.
C) analytical intelligence.
D) practical intelligence.

Question 36

Although diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and hardly able to speak coherently,18-year-old Andrew can produce intricate and detailed drawings of scenes he has viewed only once.Andrew illustrates a condition known as

A) g factor.
B) practical intelligence.
C) emotional intelligence.
D) savant syndrome.

Question 37

The theorist who opposed Spearman's idea of a g factor and identified seven clusters of primary mental abilities was

A) Howard Gardner.
B) Kim Peek.
C) L.L.Thurstone.
D) Robert Sternberg.

Question 38

Which psychologist most strongly emphasized that those who score above average on tests of spatial ability typically also score above average on tests of verbal or reasoning ability?

A) L.L.Thurstone
B) Howard Gardner
C) Robert Sternberg
D) Charles Spearman

Question 39

Researchers who believe that being a professional musician requires a certain cognitive ability as well as a lot of practice are emphasizing

A) the importance of creative intelligence.
B) the importance of Gardner's musical intelligence.
C) the importance of nature and nurture.
D) the role of the g factor.

Question 40

When Andy becomes upset about getting a poor grade,he typically fails to realize that he feels scared.This lack of self-insight best illustrates an inadequate level of

A) existential intelligence.
B) social intelligence.
C) practical intelligence.
D) emotional intelligence.

Question 41

L.L.Thurstone believed that there is (are)

A) three forms of intelligence: analytic,creative,and practical.
B) seven different primary mental abilities,each of which is a relatively independent element of intelligence.
C) multiple intelligences,some of which are not measured by standard intelligence tests.
D) one general intelligence,or g factor,that is responsible for overall performance on tests of mental abilities.

Question 42

Factor analysis is a statistical procedure that can be used to

A) identify multiple intelligences.
B) predict performance on various complex skills.
C) identify clusters of related items.
D) correlate individuals' skills in evolutionarily familiar situations.

Question 43

Managers who want to foster creativity in the workplace should try to increase the ________ of their employees.

A) general intelligence
B) analytical intelligence
C) practical intelligence
D) emotional intelligence

Question 44

According to Robert Sternberg's ________ theory,there are ________ intelligences.

A) six-factor;six
B) five-intelligences;five
C) quadratic;four
D) triarchic;three

Question 45

Marisa has heard her mom say that she has "book smarts but not a lot of common sense." While this is an inappropriate way for a parent to talk about her child,the mother is conveying which of the following?

A) Marisa is high in practical intelligence but low in analytical intelligence.
B) Marisa is high in analytical intelligence but low in creative intelligence.
C) Marisa is high in analytical intelligence but low in practical intelligence.
D) Marisa is high in practical intelligence and high in analytical intelligence.

Question 46

Which procedure is used to identify the different dimensions of performance that underlie people's intelligence scores?

A) g factor
B) multiple intelligences
C) practical intelligence
D) factor analysis

Question 47

Professor Jenkins believes that intelligence cannot be measured by a single intelligence score.Rather,intelligence should be derived from seven clusters of primary mental abilities.Professor Jenkins' view of intelligence most closely resemble that of

A) Charles Spearman.
B) L.L.Thurstone.
C) Howard Gardner.
D) Robert Sternberg.

Question 48

The theorist who mathematically identified seven clusters of primary mental abilities and did not rank people on a single scale of general aptitude was

A) L.L.Thurstone.
B) Charles Spearman.
C) Howard Gardner.
D) Robert Sternberg.

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of what is commonly called intelligence?

A) artistic ability
B) problem solving
C) the ability to use knowledge to adapt to new situations
D) the ability to learn from experience

Question 50

Howard Gardner proposes that humans have multiple intelligences that are relatively independent of each other.Which of the following is one of the intelligences?

A) g factor
B) common sense intelligence
C) intrapersonal intelligence
D) practical intelligence

Question 51

Spearman's belief in a g factor stemmed in part from his work with

A) genetic experiments.
B) factor analysis.
C) people with savant syndrome.
D) people who exhibited grit.

Question 52

Spearman's g factor refers to

A) the genetic contribution to intelligence.
B) a general intelligence that underlies all mental abilities.
C) a highly developed skill or talent possessed by a person with an otherwise limited mental ability.
D) the ability to understand and regulate emotions.

Question 53

Who would have been most enthusiastic about the value of a single intelligence test score as an index of an individual's mental capacities?

A) L.L.Thurstone
B) Charles Spearman
C) Howard Gardner
D) Robert Sternberg

Question 54

Shelly took an online intelligence test and was given one score to represent her intelligence.According to Spearman,this would represent her

A) creative intelligence.
B) practical intelligence.
C) analytical intelligence.
D) g factor.

Question 55

L.L.Thurstone identified seven clusters of primary mental abilities,including word fluency,memory,and inductive reasoning.He claimed that word fluency

A) underlies all of our intelligent behaviors.
B) is the most difficult mental ability to assess reliably.
C) involves a different dimension of intelligence from that of reasoning.
D) is not actually a form of intelligence.

Question 56

To assess whether intelligence is a single trait or a collection of several distinct abilities,psychologists have made extensive use of

A) measures of creative intelligence.
B) correlational research.
C) the SAT Reasoning Test.
D) factor analysis.

Question 57

University students who focus on innovation and generating novel ideas in their studies rather than on simply meeting deadlines and securing good grades are especially likely to demonstrate

A) emotional intelligence.
B) creative intelligence.
C) practical intelligence.
D) existential intelligence.

Question 58

Experts would most likely agree that intelligence is a(n)

A) inborn ability to perform well on standard intelligence tests.
B) mental ability to learn from experience.
C) general trait that underlies success on nearly any task.
D) multiple array of completely independent adaptive traits.

Question 59

When Phoebe strongly disagrees with her sister's opinion,she effectively controls her own anger and responds with empathy to her sister's frustration regarding their dispute.Her behavior best illustrates

A) factor analysis.
B) analytic intelligence.
C) practical intelligence.
D) emotional intelligence.

Question 60

Rather than being interested in a single factor to identify intelligence,L.L.Thurstone believed that it was more important to consider

A) multiple g factors.
B) verbal and performance test scores.
C) an individual's specific pattern of mental abilities.
D) a person's problem-solving abilities.

Question 61

Howard Gardner is most likely to agree that the concept of intelligence includes

A) minimizing one's negative emotions.
B) spatially analyzing visual input.
C) a g factor.
D) a single ability that can only be measured by standardized testing.

Question 62

Geneva is the mayor of a small city.When a serious flood struck the city,she allocated people,financial resources,and temporary housing to help those whose homes were damaged by the flood.According to Sternberg,Geneva is demonstrating ________ intelligence.

A) practical
B) creative
C) emotional
D) analytical

Question 63

People with savant syndrome are best described as those who demonstrate

A) high levels of emotional intelligence.
B) difficulty remembering past experiences.
C) an exceptional specific skill.
D) a lack of numerical ability.

Question 64

With whom do you associate the triarchic theory of intelligence?

A) L.L.Thurstone
B) Howard Gardner
C) Charles Spearman
D) Robert Sternberg

Question 65

George is amazing with numbers and seems to learn math easily.Nina has wonderful writing,reading,and speaking skills.Gardner would say that George is high in ________ intelligence and Nina is high in ________ intelligence.

A) linguistic;spatial
B) spatial;interpersonal
C) logical-mathematical;linguistic
D) spatial;intrapersonal

Question 66

We have many distinct brain networks that enable many specific intellectual abilities.The brain's coordination of all these networks results in

A) triarchic intelligence.
B) savant syndrome.
C) factor analysis.
D) general intelligence.

Question 67

Which of the following people best illustrates Sternberg's concept of practical intelligence?

A) Jamal,a student who quickly recognizes the correct answers to multiple-choice test questions
B) Gareth,a graduate student who generates many creative ideas
C) Shelley,a newspaper reporter who has established a large network of information sources
D) Cindy,a young mother who prefers cleaning her house to supervising her children

Question 68

David's motorcycle would occasionally lose power or stall out.David thought about possible solutions: changing the ignition wires,putting an additive in the gas tank,or taking his motorcycle to a mechanic and letting the mechanic figure out the problem.David decided to put an additive in the gas tank to see if that corrected the problem.Which of Sternberg's intelligences was David using?

A) naturalist intelligence
B) creative intelligence
C) analytical intelligence
D) logical-mathematical intelligence

Question 69

Mary often thinks about the development of the human species,the meaning of life,and what happens after death.She is demonstrating which of Gardner's types of intelligence?

A) linguistic
B) bodily-kinesthetic
C) spatial
D) existential

Question 70

Those who define intelligence as academic aptitude are most likely to criticize

A) Spearman's concept of general intelligence.
B) Thorndike's concept of intelligence.
C) Gardner's concept of multiple intelligences.
D) Sternberg's concept of analytical intelligence.

Question 71

The characteristics of savant syndrome most directly suggest that intelligence is

A) a diverse set of distinct abilities.
B) largely unpredictable and unmeasurable.
C) a culturally constructed concept.
D) dependent upon the speed of cognitive processing.

Question 72

Which of Gardner's types of intelligence involves thinking about large questions related to life,death,and existence?

A) linguistic
B) bodily-kinesthetic
C) spatial
D) existential

Question 73

Which statement best characterizes Howard Gardner's view of intelligence?

A) "There is a single factor that can explain the pattern of specific mental abilities called intelligence."
B) "There are multiple independent intelligences,and each must be defined within the context of a particular culture."
C) "There are three mental abilities that together make up what is called successful intelligence."
D) "There are three types of intelligence: analytical,creative,and practical."

Question 74

Juan is an excellent artist and has been drawing since he could hold a pencil.Gardner would say that Juan demonstrates ________ intelligence.

A) linguistic
B) bodily-kinesthetic
C) spatial
D) musical

Question 75

Twenty-five-year-old Alex has an intellectual disability and can neither read nor write.However,after hearing lengthy,unfamiliar,and complex musical selections just once,he can reproduce them precisely on the piano.It is likely that Alex is

A) gifted with a superior level of Spearman's g factor.
B) demonstrating a high level of emotional intelligence.
C) above average in interpersonal intelligence.
D) someone with savant syndrome.

Question 76

Stacey has been dancing since she was 4 years old and is extremely good at it.In fact,she is so good that she far surpasses other students who have been taking dance classes for the same period of time.Gardner would say that Stacey demonstrates ________ intelligence.

A) linguistic
B) bodily-kinesthetic
C) spatial
D) musical

Question 77

Howard Gardner identified a total of ________ relatively independent intelligences.

A) three
B) five
C) nine
D) twelve

Question 78

In 8 to 10 seconds,the late memory whiz Kim Peek could read and remember the contents of a book page.Yet,he had little capacity for understanding abstract concepts.Kim's mental capacities best illustrate

A) autism spectrum disorder.
B) creative intelligence.
C) emotional intelligence.
D) savant syndrome.

Question 79

Howard Gardner has proposed ________ as a ninth type of intelligence.

A) emotional intelligence
B) existential intelligence
C) analytical intelligence
D) social intelligence

Question 80

Robert Sternberg distinguished among analytical,practical,and ________ intelligence.

A) intrapersonal
B) creative
C) spatial
D) musical