Deck 6: Behavior Genetics and Evolutionary Psychology

Question 1

If a neurosurgeon directly stimulated parts of your somatosensory cortex,which of the following would you most likely experience?

A) indistinct odors
B) flashes of light
C) repetitive sounds
D) touches on the face

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The somatosensory cortex is located in the ________ lobes.

A) parietal
B) temporal
C) frontal
D) occipital

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which regions of the cerebral cortex lie at the back of the head and receive visual information?

A) occipital lobes
B) corpus callosum
C) temporal lobes
D) somatosensory cortex

Answer 3

A

Question 4

To trigger a person's hand to make a fist,José Delgado stimulated the individual's

A) motor cortex.
B) hippocampus.
C) somatosensory cortex.
D) corpus callosum.

Question 5

Which of the following is located in the occipital lobes?

A) somatosensory cortex
B) auditory cortex
C) motor cortex
D) visual cortex

Question 6

Which regions of the cerebral cortex are positioned closest to our eyes?

A) temporal lobes
B) frontal lobes
C) parietal lobes
D) occipital lobes

Question 7

Which region of the human brain best distinguishes us from other animals?

A) corpus callosum
B) cerebral cortex
C) hippocampus
D) amygdala

Question 8

Regions of the cerebral cortex involved primarily in higher mental functions such as learning are called

A) the motor cortex.
B) the corpus callosum.
C) association areas.
D) the somatosensory cortex.

Question 9

The brain devotes more tissue within the ________ for body areas that are highly sensitive to touch such as the lips.

A) corpus callosum
B) temporal lobes
C) somatosensory cortex
D) hippocampus

Question 10

The auditory cortex is responsible for hearing and is located right above the ear.The visual cortex is responsible for vision and is located

A) above the auditory cortex.
B) behind the forehead.
C) behind the eyes.
D) at the back of your head.

Question 11

The visual cortex is located

A) above the auditory cortex.
B) behind the forehead.
C) behind the eyes.
D) at the back of your head.

Question 12

The two cerebral hemispheres that make up 85 percent of the brain's weight are referred to as the

A) cerebrum.
B) frontal lobe.
C) motor cortex.
D) somatosensory cortex.

Question 13

A monkey with electrodes implanted in its brain is able to move a computer cursor simply by thinking about the move.This brain-computer interface best illustrates the potential value of

A) neural plasticity.
B) neurogenesis.
C) cognitive neural prosthetics.
D) constraint-induced therapy.

Question 14

Alana suffered a brain disease that destroyed major portions of her temporal lobes.Alana is most likely to suffer some loss of

A) auditory perception.
B) hunger and thirst.
C) pain sensations.
D) muscular coordination.

Question 15

Which of the following is located in the temporal lobes?

A) the visual cortex.
B) the auditory cortex.
C) the motor cortex.
D) the somatosensory cortex.

Question 16

The parietal lobes are to ________ as the occipital lobes are to ________.

A) hearing;speaking
B) sensing touch;seeing
C) tasting;smelling
D) speaking;seeing

Question 17

The thin surface layer of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebrum is called the

A) amygdala.
B) corpus callosum.
C) hippocampus.
D) cerebral cortex.

Question 18

An area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements is called the

A) somatosensory cortex.
B) motor cortex.
C) corpus callosum.
D) frontal association area.

Question 19

Suppose that a speech synthesizer could produce specific words when signaled by the brain activation patterns involved when a person merely thinks about these words.This would be an illustration of

A) constraint-induced therapy.
B) lateralization.
C) neurogenesis.
D) cognitive neural prosthetics.

Question 20

Direct stimulation of areas within the motor cortex would most likely result in

A) feelings of anger.
B) acceleration of heartbeat.
C) a sensation of being touched on the arm.
D) movement of the mouth and lips.

Question 21

When Stoyka was a child,a brain disease required the surgical removal of her left cerebral hemisphere.Stoyka is now a successful college student who lives a normal life.Her success best illustrates the importance of

A) cognitive neural prosthetics.
B) neurogenesis.
C) MRI scans.
D) plasticity.

Question 22

Cold war nuclear tests enabled researchers to use carbon dating to detect

A) lateralization.
B) brain plasticity.
C) neurogenesis.
D) MRI scans.

Question 23

Most people would not advocate pushing one person in front of a runaway trolley to save five others.But those with damage to the ________ are often untroubled by such an ethical dilemma.

A) hippocampus
B) corpus callosum
C) somatosensory cortex
D) prefrontal association areas

Question 24

The brain is most likely to compensate for a loss of neurons by

A) generating new neural cells in the brain.
B) creating cognitive neural prosthetics.
C) inhibiting activity in the association areas.
D) decreasing the production of stem cells.

Question 25

The process of comparing currently experienced visual input with past visual memories takes place in

A) the thalamus.
B) the cerebellum.
C) association areas.
D) the corpus callosum.

Question 26

The most amount of the brain devoted to association areas is found in a

A) rat.
B) chimpanzee.
C) dog.
D) human.

Question 27

Damage to the association areas in the prefrontal cortex is most likely to interfere with the ability to

A) formulate plans.
B) recognize familiar faces.
C) understand word meanings.
D) recognize familiar voices.

Question 28

One stroke patient was put to work cleaning tables,with his good arm and hand restrained.Slowly,the bad arm recovered its skills.He gradually learned to write again and even to play tennis.This best illustrates the value of

A) lateralization.
B) the split brain.
C) plasticity.
D) cognitive neural prosthetics.

Question 29

After Terry lost a finger in an industrial accident,the area of his somatosensory cortex devoted to receiving input from that finger gradually became very responsive to sensory input from his adjacent fingers.This best illustrates

A) lateralization.
B) neurogenesis.
C) plasticity.
D) cognitive neural prosthetics.

Question 30

What led to the myth that humans use only 10 percent of our brains?

A) Scientists electrically probed the association areas and received no response.
B) Scientists noticed that when they severed the corpus callosum of most patients,it had no effect on their behavior.
C) Phineas Gage's horrible accident had no detectable effect on his brain.
D) This is not a myth;humans use only 10 percent of the brain.

Question 31

The region of your cerebral cortex that enables you to visually recognize your own mother's face is

A) the cerebellum.
B) the somatosensory cortex.
C) the corpus callosum.
D) an association area.

Question 32

Phineas Gage underwent a dramatic personality change after a tamping iron inflicted massive damage to his ________ lobes.

A) parietal
B) temporal
C) occipital
D) frontal

Question 33

Association areas are located

A) only in the frontal lobes.
B) only in the frontal lobes and temporal lobes.
C) only in the frontal,temporal,and parietal lobes.
D) in the frontal,temporal,occipital,and parietal lobes.

Question 34

Neurogenesis refers to

A) severing of the corpus callosum.
B) the formation of new neurons.
C) rewiring the brain.
D) stimulating the parietal lobe to produce a feeling of wanting to move an upper limb.

Question 35

Deaf people's enhanced peripheral and motion-detection vision has been attributed in part to

A) auditory hallucinations.
B) lateralization.
C) plasticity.
D) neurogenesis.

Question 36

The ability to recognize faces with the right hemisphere but not with the left hemisphere best illustrates

A) brain fissures.
B) neurogenesis.
C) plasticity.
D) lateralization.

Question 37

Teaching a patient to regain use of an impaired limb by limiting his or her use of the good limb is called

A) neurogenesis.
B) constraint-induced therapy.
C) cognitive neural prosthetics.
D) lateralization.

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT a function of the brain's association areas?

A) They link information with stored memories.
B) They interpret sensory information.
C) They are inactive brain tissue in most species.
D) They act on incoming sensory information.

Question 39

The cortical regions that are NOT directly involved in sensory or motor functions are known as

A) the hippocampus.
B) frontal lobes.
C) association areas.
D) parietal lobes.

Question 40

Master stem cells that can develop into any type of brain cell have been discovered in the human

A) embryo.
B) corpus callosum.
C) association areas.
D) somatosensory cortex.

Question 41

The visual cortex is located in the

A) occipital lobes.
B) parietal lobes.
C) temporal lobes.
D) association areas.

Question 42

If an individual's right cerebral hemisphere is completely destroyed by disease,that person is unable to see anything

A) with his or her right eye.
B) with his or her left eye.
C) in his or her right field of vision.
D) in his or her left field of vision.

Question 43

Which lobe is located at the back of your head?

A) frontal
B) parietal
C) occipital
D) temporal

Question 44

The right hemisphere is responsible for all of the following EXCEPT

A) making inferences.
B) movement of the right side of the body.
C) speech modulation.
D) self-awareness.

Question 45

According to Roger Sperry,a recognition that the mind cannot be fully explained by the activity of nerve cells is important for appreciating our human capacity for

A) lateralization.
B) neural plasticity.
C) moral responsibility.
D) cognitive neural prosthetics.

Question 46

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is most directly involved in controlling the facial muscle movements necessary for speaking?

A) occipital
B) frontal
C) temporal
D) parietal

Question 47

The large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres is called the

A) somatosensory cortex.
B) temporal lobe.
C) hippocampus.
D) corpus callosum.

Question 48

Split-brain patients have had their ________ surgically cut.

A) hippocampus
B) corpus callosum
C) somatosensory cortex
D) frontal lobes

Question 49

A picture of a cat is briefly flashed in the left visual field and a picture of a mouse is briefly flashed in the right visual field of a split‑brain patient.The individual will be able to use her

A) right hand to indicate she saw a cat.
B) left hand to indicate she saw a mouse.
C) right hand to indicate she saw a mouse.
D) left or right hand to indicate she saw a cat.

Question 50

Which lobe is located behind your forehead?

A) frontal
B) parietal
C) occipital
D) temporal

Question 51

Which portion of the cerebral cortex is most directly involved in making plans and formulating moral judgments?

A) occipital lobes
B) frontal lobes
C) temporal lobes
D) parietal lobes

Question 52

Following massive damage to his frontal lobes,Phineas Gage was most strikingly debilitated by

A) muscle spasms.
B) memory loss.
C) auditory hallucinations.
D) irritability.

Question 53

Information is most quickly transmitted from one cerebral hemisphere to the other by the

A) corpus callosum.
B) motor cortex.
C) association areas.
D) somatosensory cortex.

Question 54

If primed with the flashed word foot,the ________ hemisphere will be especially quick to recognize the word heel.If primed with foot,cry,and glass,the ________ hemisphere will be especially quick to recognize the word cut.

A) right;left
B) left;right
C) right;right
D) left;left

Question 55

A failure to recognize that one's arm or leg is part of one's self is most likely to be associated with damage to the

A) corpus callosum.
B) cerebellum.
C) right hemisphere.
D) motor cortex.

Question 56

People who can hear usually process their speaking with the ________ hemisphere.Deaf people usually process their language signing with the ________ hemisphere.

A) right;left
B) left;right
C) right;right
D) left;left

Question 57

Brain scans indicate that well-practiced pianists have a larger-than-usual auditory cortex area that encodes piano sounds.This best illustrates the impact of

A) neurogenesis.
B) lateralization.
C) brain fissures.
D) plasticity.

Question 58

The left cerebral hemisphere is typically superior to the right in

A) spatial reasoning.
B) speech production.
C) visual perception.
D) musical abilities.

Question 59

The right hemisphere is superior to the left at

A) solving arithmetic problems.
B) recognizing people's faces.
C) understanding simple verbal requests.
D) controlling speech.

Question 60

Research with split-brain patients suggests that the ________ typically constructs the theories people offer to explain their own behaviors.

A) corpus callosum
B) left cerebral hemisphere
C) somatosensory cortex
D) right cerebral hemisphere

Question 61

Which portion of the cerebral cortex lies directly behind the forehead and is involved in speaking,muscle movements,and making plans?

A) temporal lobes
B) frontal lobes
C) parietal lobes
D) occipital lobes

Question 62

Which lobes of the brain receive the input that enables you to feel someone scratching your back?

A) parietal
B) temporal
C) occipital
D) frontal

Question 63

The motor cortex is located in the ________ lobes.

A) occipital
B) temporal
C) frontal
D) parietal

Question 64

Speech is processed primarily in the right hemisphere by the ________ of those who are left-handed and by the ________ of those who are right-handed.

A) minority;minority
B) majority;majority
C) minority;majority
D) majority;minority

Question 65

Your conscious awareness of your own name and self-identity depends primarily on the normal functioning of your

A) somatosensory cortex.
B) amygdala.
C) motor cortex.
D) cerebral cortex.

Question 66

A laboratory cat could be made to twitch its whiskers by direct stimulation of the ________ lobes of its cerebral cortex.

A) temporal
B) occipital
C) frontal
D) parietal

Question 67

Where is the temporal lobe located?

A) behind the forehead
B) at the back of the head
C) on the top of the head
D) just above the ears

Question 68

The right hemisphere of Julie's brain is better than her left hemisphere at recognizing facial expressions of emotion.This best illustrates

A) neurogenesis.
B) plasticity.
C) lateralization.
D) brain fissures.

Question 69

If you lose a foot,the somatosensory cortex that received its input will begin to pick up signals from the formerly adjoined leg.This best illustrates the value of

A) neurogenesis.
B) lateralization.
C) plasticity.
D) hemispherectomy.

Question 70

Which portion of the cerebral cortex is located nearest the top of the head just behind the frontal lobes?

A) occipital lobes
B) hippocampus
C) parietal lobes
D) temporal lobes

Question 71

The brain devotes more tissue within the ________ for body areas requiring the most precise movement control such as the fingers.

A) hippocampus
B) corpus callosum
C) occipital lobes
D) motor cortex

Question 72

The regions of the parietal lobes that are involved in mathematical and spatial reasoning are known as

A) the hippocampus.
B) the corpus callosum.
C) the somatosensory cortex.
D) association areas.

Question 73

Applying mild electrical stimulation to parts of an animal's cortex,Gustav Fritsch and Edward Hitzig discovered what is now called the

A) motor cortex.
B) visual cortex.
C) auditory cortex.
D) somatosensory cortex.

Question 74

About 85 percent of human brain weight comes from the

A) hippocampus.
B) cerebrum.
C) corpus callosum.
D) frontal lobes.

Question 75

Which portion of the cerebral cortex is most closely adjacent to the ears?

A) parietal lobes
B) temporal lobes
C) occipital lobes
D) frontal lobes

Question 76

The occipital lobes are to ________ as the temporal lobes are to ________.

A) hearing;sensing movement
B) seeing;sensing touch
C) seeing;hearing
D) speaking;hearing

Question 77

The cerebral cortex is the covering layer of the

A) brainstem.
B) corpus callosum.
C) hippocampus.
D) cerebrum.

Question 78

The brain's thin surface layer,which serves as your body's ultimate information-processing center,is the

A) limbic system.
B) cerebellum.
C) corpus callosum.
D) cerebral cortex.

Question 79

Auditory stimulation is processed in the ________ lobes.

A) occipital
B) temporal
C) frontal
D) parietal

Question 80

The surgical removal of a large tumor from Dane's occipital lobe resulted in extensive loss of brain tissue.Dane is most likely to suffer some loss of

A) muscular coordination.
B) visual perception.
C) speaking ability.
D) pain sensations.