Deck 52: The Psychological Therapies

Question 1

One cluster of personality disorders marked by noticeably odd or eccentric behavior is exemplified by the ________ personality disorder.

A) avoidant
B) narcissistic
C) schizotypal
D) dissociative

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A schizotypal personality disorder is most likely to be characterized by

A) emotionless disengagement.
B) shallow,attention-getting emotional displays.
C) a sense of self-importance.
D) a fear of social rejection.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Extensive amnesia,wandering or traveling,and confusion about one's personal identity are symptoms of

A) a personality disorder.
B) a fugue state.
C) antisocial personality disorder.
D) dissociative identity disorder.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The most controversial disorder involves extensive memory disruptions along with the presence of two or more distinct identities.This disorder is called

A) a fugue state.
B) schizotypal personality disorder.
C) borderline personality disorder.
D) dissociative identity disorder.

Question 5

It has been suggested that the desperate efforts of traumatized victims to detach themselves from the experience of severe and prolonged abuse may contribute to

A) schizotypal personality disorder.
B) anorexia nervosa.
C) dissociative identity disorder.
D) antisocial personality disorder.

Question 6

Taylor has no memory of the abuse she experienced as a child.During a session with her clinical psychologist,she suddenly began talking in a deeper voice,claiming to be Adam,a male personality,who remembered all of the abuse.Taylor is demonstrating the symptoms of

A) anorexia nervosa.
B) dissociative identity disorder.
C) bulimia nervosa.
D) narcissistic personality disorder.

Question 7

In which of the following countries is dissociative identity disorder most prevalent?

A) Japan
B) Britain
C) United States
D) France

Question 8

Niesha demonstrates seven different personalities that appear to take turns controlling her behavior.Evidence that the same life memories are consciously experienced by all the alternate personalities would most clearly rule out the contribution of ________ to her disorder.

A) childhood sexual trauma
B) dissociation
C) motivational conflict
D) role playing

Question 9

The dramatic increase in reported cases of dissociative identity disorder beginning in the 1980s most strongly suggests to skeptics that symptoms of this disorder involve

A) illicit drug usage.
B) promiscuous sexual behavior.
C) binge eating.
D) role playing.

Question 10

Personality disorders are best described as

A) symptoms of distress that are not caused by biological abnormalities.
B) disruptions in conscious awareness and sense of self-identity.
C) patterns of delusional and disorganized thoughts and feelings.
D) inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.

Question 11

One cluster of personality disorders marked by anxiety is exemplified by the ________ personality disorder.

A) schizotypal
B) antisocial
C) avoidant
D) dissociative

Question 12

The major characteristic of dissociative disorders is a disturbance of

A) mood.
B) appetite.
C) memory.
D) perception.

Question 13

Dissociative identity disorder was added to the DSM in the

A) 1930s.
B) 1950s.
C) 1960s.
D) 1980s.

Question 14

Amber is extremely afraid of rejection,and so she has withdrawn from social contact.She would most likely be considered to have a(n)________ personality disorder.

A) avoidant
B) narcissistic
C) borderline
D) antisocial

Question 15

Midori's therapist suggests that she developed dissociative identity disorder as a way of protecting herself from an awareness of her own hatred for her abusive mother.The therapist's suggestion most directly reflects a ________ perspective.

A) social-cognitive
B) biosocial
C) biological
D) psychodynamic

Question 16

Several weeks after being fired from a job he had held for more than 20 years,Landon awoke one morning in a state of bewildered confusion.He had little sense of who he was and even failed to recognize his wife.Landon's experience is most indicative of

A) a dissociative disorder.
B) borderline personality disorder.
C) schizotypal personality disorder.
D) bulimia nervosa.

Question 17

Evidence that dissociative identity disorder is NOT simply a product of conscious role playing is most clearly provided by the

A) periodic intervals during which patients with this disorder become violent.
B) distinct brain and body states associated with differing personalities.
C) inability of psychiatric experts to hypnotize patients with this disorder.
D) dramatic increase in reported cases of this disorder during the past 40 or so years.

Question 18

Dissociative disorders are most likely to be characterized by

A) disruptions in conscious awareness and sense of identity.
B) offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person.
C) emotionless disengagement.
D) binge eating and purging.

Question 19

Juan's wife brought him to the emergency room because Juan could not remember his name,the names of his family members,where he worked,or any other personal information.Extensive tests at the hospital indicated that Juan's memory problems were not due to an injury,an illness,drugs,or any other physical or medical condition.A clinical psychologist suggested that Juan might be suffering from

A) a fugue state.
B) eccentric personality disorder.
C) antisocial personality disorder.
D) dissociative identity disorder.

Question 20

Some psychologists include ________ under the umbrella of posttraumatic stress disorder.

A) major depressive disorder
B) antisocial personality disorder
C) dissociative identity disorder
D) anorexia nervosa

Question 21

Researchers have found low levels of ________ in 13-year-old boys who were later convicted of a crime.

A) dopamine
B) serotonin
C) adrenaline
D) acetylcholine

Question 22

Ben has always been an odd child,including having no emotions and separating himself from normal childhood play.He would most likely be diagnosed with ________ personality disorder.

A) borderline
B) schizotypal
C) antisocial
D) narcissistic

Question 23

The onset of ________ typically begins with a weight-loss diet.

A) anorexia nervosa
B) a fugue state
C) a dissociative disorder
D) a personality disorder

Question 24

Studies have found that people with antisocial criminal tendencies have a smaller-than-normal

A) thalamus.
B) amygdala.
C) brainstem.
D) cerebellum.

Question 25

A lack of conscience is most characteristic of those who experience ________ disorder.

A) a dissociative
B) antisocial personality
C) schizotypal personality
D) avoidant personality

Question 26

Within the last year,Mr.Shangkun has been fired by three different employers because they each discovered that he was stealing money or materials from their companies.Although he feels no remorse for his misdeeds,his outward signs of repentance have dissuaded his former employers from taking him to court.Mr.Shangkun's behavior is most indicative of

A) antisocial personality disorder.
B) avoidant personality disorder.
C) a dissociative disorder.
D) borderline personality disorder.

Question 27

Those with a borderline personality disorder are most likely to display

A) a lack of guilt feelings.
B) delusions of persecution.
C) apathy and lack of energy.
D) dramatic,attention-getting behaviors.

Question 28

About four months ago,16-year-old Amanda went on a drastic diet that caused her to drop from her normal weight of 120 pounds to less than 90 pounds.Although her weight is dangerously low,she continues to undereat because she thinks she looks fat.Amanda suffers from

A) dissociative identity disorder.
B) binge-eating disorder.
C) bulimia nervosa.
D) anorexia nervosa.

Question 29

Inflated views of self-importance are most characteristic of those with

A) anorexia nervosa.
B) avoidant personality disorder.
C) narcissistic personality disorder.
D) dissociative identity disorder.

Question 30

In studying the brains of violent repeat offenders,researchers found that their brains had ________ frontal lobe tissue than a normal brain.

A) 11 percent less
B) 11 percent more
C) 25 percent less
D) 25 percent more

Question 31

In studies with 3-year-olds,the early signs of antisocial behavior in children include

A) high levels of stress hormones.
B) having a sense of social responsibility.
C) high concern for social rewards.
D) slow development of conditioned fears.

Question 32

People with ________ fall far below normal in frontal lobe functions such as planning and impulse control.

A) dissociative disorder
B) antisocial personality disorder
C) dissociative identity disorder
D) fugue states

Question 33

One study compared PET scans of 41 murderers' brains with those of people of similar age and sex.The murderers' _________ displayed reduced activity.

A) dopamine reward system
B) reticular formation
C) somatosensory cortex
D) frontal lobes

Question 34

When Darcy's boyfriend told her he wanted to break up,she became outraged and extremely dramatic.She broke all of the windows in his car and attacked a woman he was talking to.Darcy has a history of impulsive,sometimes violent behavior and dramatic,emotional outbursts,which has cost her many friends and boyfriends.Darcy illustrates symptoms of ________ personality disorder.

A) borderline
B) schizotypal
C) antisocial
D) narcissistic

Question 35

A genetic tendency toward a fearless and uninhibited life is most characteristic of those with

A) anorexia nervosa.
B) dissociative identity disorder.
C) antisocial personality disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 36

Darlene is very self-focused and brags about herself to anyone who will listen.She is constantly fishing for complements from others,and she manipulates every conversation back to herself.Darlene illustrates the symptoms of ________ personality disorder.

A) borderline
B) schizotypal
C) antisocial
D) narcissistic

Question 37

James has never been able to keep a job.He has been in and out of prison for theft,sexual assault,and spousal abuse.James,who feels no guilt or remorse for his actions,would most likely be diagnosed as having

A) antisocial personality disorder.
B) avoidant personality disorder.
C) a dissociative disorder.
D) borderline personality disorder.

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT one of the key defining features of anorexia nervosa?

A) The person recognizes that he or she has an eating disorder and is aware of the seriousness of her weight loss.
B) The person is intensely afraid of becoming overweight.
C) The person has a distorted perception about the size of his or her body.
D) The person has a body weight that is significantly below normal.

Question 39

The levels of stress hormones among adults with ________ were lower than average when they were teenagers.

A) dissociative identity disorder
B) binge-eating disorder
C) antisocial personality disorder
D) avoidant personality disorder

Question 40

Thomas has been diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder.He is most likely to show lower

A) emotional intelligence.
B) fugue states.
C) anxiety.
D) fearlessness.

Question 41

Individuals with eating disorders tend to have

A) high self-evaluations and high achievement standards.
B) low self-evaluations and low achievement standards.
C) high self-evaluations and low achievement standards.
D) low self-evaluations and high achievement standards.

Question 42

Jason has been in and out of prison for various crimes in which he scammed people out of their money.He feels no guilt or remorse for his behavior;in fact,he blames his victims for being "suckers." Jason illustrates

A) borderline personality disorder.
B) avoidant personality disorder.
C) dissociative disorder.
D) antisocial personality disorder.

Question 43

Mark tends to overeat high calorie foods but feels guilty afterward.Even so,it is almost as if he cannot help himself.Which eating disorder is he likely to be diagnosed with?

A) anorexia nervosa
B) bulimia nervosa
C) binge-eating disorder
D) purging disorder

Question 44

Individuals who are most vulnerable to anorexia nervosa are those who live in cultures that idealize

A) excessive exercise.
B) binge eating.
C) thin bodies.
D) novel foods.

Question 45

People living in cultures that idealize plump bodies are LESS likely to experience

A) bulimia nervosa.
B) anorexia nervosa.
C) a personality disorder.
D) a dissociative disorder.

Question 46

Those who engage in spurts of excessive overeating,followed by remorse-but do not binge,purge,or fast-are said to have

A) binge-eating disorder.
B) anorexia nervosa.
C) bulimia nervosa.
D) a personality disorder.

Question 47

Tonya,who recently discovered her husband was having an affair,disappeared for several days and was found by the police sleeping under a bridge.She claimed that her name was Mary and that she had no memory of her life as Tonya.This case illustrates

A) dissociative identity disorder.
B) anorexia nervosa.
C) bulimia nervosa.
D) a fugue state.

Question 48

Patricia has been diagnosed with bulimia nervosa.Which of the following is a key characteristic of her eating disorder?

A) loss of appetite,especially for high-calorie foods
B) extreme weight loss
C) binge eating and purging by self-induced vomiting
D) being unaware of the fact that she has an eating disorder

Question 49

Bulimia nervosa is characterized by

A) losses of 25 percent or more of normal weight.
B) episodes of overeating followed by vomiting.
C) the loss of regular menstrual periods.
D) all of these conditions.

Question 50

Two or more distinct identities appear to alternately control the behavior of those with

A) a fugue state.
B) a hypnotic state.
C) duplicate personalities.
D) DID.

Question 51

________ is an eating disorder in which a normal-weight person engages in binge eating and then purges the excessive food consumption by self-induced vomiting or by the misuse of laxatives or enemas.

A) Borderline personality disorder
B) Anorexia nervosa
C) Binge eating disorder
D) Bulimia nervosa

Question 52

Which eating disorder has the highest prevalence rates?

A) anorexia nervosa
B) bulimia nervosa
C) binge-eating disorder
D) purging disorder

Question 53

Chiara,a 14-year-old,is of average height but weighs only 80 pounds.She has lost 30 pounds over the last six months by eating very little and running five miles a day.She is determined not to become overweight and ignores her parents' suggestion that she should eat well-balanced meals.Chiara suffers from

A) bulimia nervosa.
B) a dissociative disorder.
C) anorexia nervosa.
D) a personality disorder.

Question 54

The suggestion that dissociative identity disorder symptoms are created as defenses against the anxiety caused by one's own unacceptable impulses best illustrates the

A) psychodynamic perspective.
B) biopsychosocial approach.
C) learning perspective.
D) social-cognitive perspective.

Question 55

Lindsey is extremely afraid of becoming obese even though she is underweight.She often checks her body in the mirror for any signs of fat and refuses to eat most foods because she insists they are fatty or high in calories.Lindsey most clearly demonstrates symptoms of

A) bulimia nervosa.
B) a personality disorder.
C) anorexia nervosa.
D) binge eating disorder.

Question 56

Sixteen-year-old Jill loves ice cream and other rich foods,but she has become increasingly anxious about gaining too much weight.Jill frequently overeats and then intentionally vomits in an attempt to control her weight.Jill most clearly suffers from

A) dissociative identity disorder.
B) bulimia nervosa.
C) binge-eating disorder.
D) anorexia nervosa.

Question 57

A sudden loss of memory is a symptom of

A) anorexia nervosa.
B) a dissociative disorder.
C) schizotypal personality disorder.
D) bulimia nervosa.

Question 58

Kyle is extremely manipulative and can look anyone in the eye and lie convincingly.His deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of those around him,but he is indifferent to any suffering they might experience as a result of his actions.His behavior best illustrates

A) a fugue state.
B) dissociative identity disorder.
C) avoidant personality disorder.
D) antisocial personality disorder.

Question 59

Low levels of anxiety are most characteristic of

A) antisocial personality disorder.
B) dissociative identity disorder.
C) anorexia nervosa.
D) binge-eating disorder.

Question 60

The ability to understand,manage,and perceive emotions is referred to as

A) emotional intelligence.
B) a fugue state.
C) anxiety.
D) fearlessness.

Question 61

Evidence that many DID patients have suffered abuse as children leads some psychologists to include dissociative disorders under the umbrella of

A) borderline personality disorder.
B) avoidant personality disorder.
C) anorexia nervosa.
D) posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 62

Researchers have suggested that the role playing of fantasy-prone patients in response to the leading questions of therapists has often contributed to

A) anorexia nervosa.
B) dissociative identity disorder.
C) bulimia nervosa.
D) schizoptypal personality disorder.

Question 63

The experience of a fugue state is indicative of a(n)________ disorder.

A) eating
B) personality disorder
C) dissociative
D) emotional intelligence

Question 64

The experience of multiple personalities is most likely to be characterized by

A) a massive dissociation of self from ordinary consciousness.
B) offensive and unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person.
C) binge eating.
D) a lack of guilt feelings.

Question 65

Connie exhibits multiple personalities.Evidence that information learned by her secondary personality influences the moods and behaviors of her primary personality would most clearly rule out the contribution of ________ to her symptoms.

A) role playing
B) sexual trauma
C) dissociation
D) motivational conflict

Question 66

Evidence that symptoms of dissociative identity disorder are triggered by the suggestions and leading questions of therapists most clearly points out the importance of ________ in the onset of this disorder.

A) anxiety
B) repression
C) childhood sexual trauma
D) role playing

Question 67

A biological perspective would be LEAST helpful for explaining the

A) prevalence of schizophrenia throughout the world.
B) fluctuations in mood experienced by those suffering a bipolar disorder.
C) fear of snakes experienced by a high percentage of Americans.
D) dramatic increase in reported cases of dissociative identity disorder during the 1980s.

Question 68

Exhibiting two or more distinct and alternating personalities is a symptom of a(n)

A) eating disorder.
B) dissociative disorder.
C) personality disorder.
D) antisocial personality disorder.

Question 69

In the last half of the twentieth century,women in Western cultures expressed ________ satisfaction with their body,and they experienced a(n)________ incidence of serious eating disorders.

A) increasing;decreasing
B) increasing;increasing
C) decreasing;decreasing
D) decreasing;increasing

Question 70

A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities is referred to as

A) avoidant personality disorder.
B) dissociative identity disorder.
C) antisocial personality disorder.
D) schizotypal personality disorder.

Question 71

College students were asked to pretend that they were accused murderers.Under hypnosis,they typically expressed a second personality when prompted to do so by the examining psychiatrist.This most strongly suggests that dissociative identity disorder may involve

A) low self-esteem.
B) unconscious fear.
C) biosocial factors.
D) role playing.

Question 72

A sense of being separated from your body and watching yourself with a sense of detachment is a symptom of

A) binge eating disorder.
B) narcissistic personality disorder.
C) avoidant personality disorder.
D) dissociation.

Question 73

Disruptions in conscious awareness and sense of identity are most characteristic of

A) borderline personality disorder.
B) bulimia nervosa.
C) antisocial personality disorder.
D) dissociative disorder.

Question 74

Melissa uses laxatives in an attempt to lose some of the weight she gained from binge eating.Melissa most clearly demonstrates symptoms of

A) anorexia nervosa.
B) a fugue state.
C) bulimia nervosa.
D) personality disorder.

Question 75

In a study examining the genetic influences on antisocial personality disorder,researchers found that,as compared with the brains of non-murderers of the same age and sex,the brains of murderers showed reduced activity in the ________,a brain area that helps with impulse control.

A) pineal gland
B) reticular formation
C) frontal lobe
D) medulla

Question 76

A person's conscious awareness separating from painful memories,thoughts,and feelings is the definition of

A) dissociation.
B) inhibition.
C) fugue.
D) imagination.

Question 77

William,an airplane pilot,is unable to remember anything of a bombing raid in which his plane was severely damaged and two crew members were killed.Because he himself suffered no physical injuries,psychologists suspect that William probably suffers from

A) schizotypal personality disorder.
B) a dissociative disorder.
C) binge eating disorder.
D) borderline personality disorder.

Question 78

Noah's therapist suggests that Noah developed a dissociative identity disorder in order to misbehave without feeling a strong sense of personal shame.The therapist's suggestion most directly reflects a ________ perspective.

A) biosocial
B) learning
C) psychodynamic
D) biological

Question 79

Victor,a New York City investment broker,quit his job in a fit of rage after being accused of embezzling thousands of dollars of his clients' money.Four months later,the police discovered Victor driving a cab in Los Angeles.Victor claimed that his name was actually George Saunders,that he had always been a cab driver in Los Angeles,and that he had no knowledge of Victor.Even after he was positively identified as Victor,"George Saunders" insisted that he was someone else.Assuming that he was not faking his condition to escape arrest,Victor was probably suffering from

A) a personality disorder.
B) a fugue state.
C) antisocial personality disorder.
D) dissociative identity disorder.

Question 80

Nora's husband insisted that she go to a mental health clinic when she was unable to explain or remember her frequent absences from home,phone calls from people that she claimed she had never heard of,and check stubs from checks that she couldn't remember writing.At the clinic,Nora admitted there were long stretches of her life that were completely blank to her.Suddenly,using a different voice,facial expression,and demeanor,Nora said to the psychologist,"Don't pay any attention to that old Nora.She's just a bore.My name is Patty,and I'm a lot more fun to talk to." The psychologist suspects that Nora's symptoms are characteristic of

A) anorexia nervosa.
B) dissociative identity disorder.
C) bulimia nervosa.
D) narcissistic personality disorder.