Deck 9: Mountains

Question 1

The sides of a fold in rock are called __________.

Answer 1

limbs

Question 2

A/an __________ is a fracture in rock where rocks on either side of the fracture have not moved.

Answer 2

joint

Question 3

Where two continents collide, one continent is forced under the other in a process called __________.

Answer 3

underthrusting

Question 4

In a/an __________ fault, the hanging wall has moved upward relative to the footwall.

Question 5

A/an __________ __________ forms where two plates carrying oceanic crust converge.

Question 6

In a normal fault, the hanging wall has moved __________ relative to the footwall.

Question 7

A/an _________ _________ is a special type of reverse fault that is nearly horizontal.

Question 8

Rock that is caught at the junction of two converging plates is deformed by __________ stress.

A) divergent
B) tensional
C) compressive
D) shear

Question 9

A circular or elliptical synclinal structure is called a/an __________.

Question 10

A/an __________ is any feature produced by rock deformation.

A) anticline
B) geologic structure
C) syncline
D) limb

Question 11

The term __________ refers to the process of mountain building.

Question 12

A/an __________ is a bend in rock.

Question 13

A cool rock near the Earth's surface is more likely to __________ than a similar rock that is hot and under great pressure.

A) deform plastically
B) undergo pressure-release melting
C) undergo brittle fracture
D) metamorphose

Question 14

During the formation of the __________, the leading edge of India began to slide under Tibet in a process called underthrusting.

Question 15

A circular syncline is called a __________.

A) dome
B) basin
C) mountain
D) valley

Question 16

The __________ are a relatively narrow mountain chain on the west coast of South America composed predominantly of volcanic and plutonic rocks formed by subduction at a continental margin.

Question 17

Continental mountain ranges rise because the crust becomes __________ where tectonic plates collide.

Question 18

A sedimentary basin between a subduction complex and an island arc is called a __________ __________.

Question 19

A/an __________ is a fold that arches upward.

A) anticline
B) syncline
C) hanging wall
D) horst

Question 20

A/an __________ __________ is any feature produced by rock deformation.

Question 21

A/an __________ is a wedge-shaped block of rock that has dropped downward between two normal faults.

A) horst
B) graben
C) slip
D) joint

Question 22

Factors determining how a rock responds to stress are:

A) the nature of the rock.
B) temperature.
C) time.
D) all of the above

Question 23

Sea floor sediment and oceanic crust pieces are scraped off a subducting plate and accumulate in the __________ complex.

A) forearc
B) subduction
C) island arc
D) orogeny

Question 24

A circular anticline is called a:

A) dome.
B) basin.
C) mountain.
D) valley.

Question 25

The Andes Mountains were formed by convergence of a plate carrying __________ crust with a plate carrying __________ crust.

A) oceanic, oceanic
B) oceanic, continental
C) continental, continental
D) peridotitic, oceanic

Question 26

A syncline:

A) always forms mountain peaks.
B) always forms mountain valleys.
C) forms as a part of a sequence of folds during crustal extension.
D) is the portion of a fold that arches downward.

Question 27

A wedge-shaped block of rock that drops downward between a pair of normal faults is a/an:

A) horst.
B) anticline.
C) graben.
D) syncline.

Question 28

A slip is:

A) the distance that rocks on opposite sides of a fault have moved.
B) an elliptical anticlinal feature.
C) a wedge-shaped block of rock that drops downward between a pair of faults.
D) blocks of rock between down-dropped grabens.

Question 29

The underthrusting of __________ beneath Tibet caused the rise of the Himalayas.

A) Japan
B) Indonesia
C) India
D) Antarctica

Question 30

The higher the pressure, the more likely that a rock will undergo:

A) brittle fracture.
B) plastic deformation.
C) confining stress.
D) confining pressure.

Question 31

A fold in a rock indicates that the rock:

A) has deformed in a plastic manner.
B) is under extensional stress.
C) has been subjected to diverging stress.
D) has deformed by brittle fracture.

Question 32

Compression is common at:

A) divergent plate boundaries.
B) convergent plate boundaries.
C) transform plate boundaries.
D) none of these

Question 33

In a __________ fault, the hanging wall has moved downward relative to the footwall.

A) normal
B) reverse
C) thrust
D) joint

Question 34

A sedimentary basin between a trench and an island arc is called a __________.

A) forearc basin
B) backarc basin
C) middle-arc basin
D) double-trench

Question 35

The term __________ refers to the process of mountain building.

A) orogeny
B) origami
C) orology
D) originy

Question 36

A reverse fault occurs as a result of __________.

A) extensional stress stretching the Earth's crust
B) crustal shortening
C) pressure-release fracturing
D) the plastic behavior of rock

Question 37

The Himalayas were formed by convergence of the __________ plate and the __________ plate.

A) Antarctic, Indian
B) Pacific, Eurasian
C) Indian, Eurasian
D) Antarctic, Pacific
Multiple Choice

Question 38

A fold:

A) usually results from compressive stress.
B) always shortens the horizontal distances in rock.
C) usually occurs as part of a group of many similar folds.
D) all of the above

Question 39

Subduction of oceanic crust at a continental margin creates __________.

A) underthrusting
B) a Himalayan margin
C) an Andean margin
D) an island arc

Question 40

A normal fault occurs as a result of:

A) extensional stress stretching the Earth's crust.
B) crustal shortening.
C) the hanging wall moving upward relative to the footwall.
D) plastic behavior of rock.

Question 41

When a rock is stressed, it may deform plastically, or break by brittle fracture.

Question 42

The Himalayas were formed:

A) by convergence of two plates each carrying oceanic crust only.
B) by convergence of two plates each carrying continental crust only.
C) by convergence of an oceanic plate with a continental plate, followed by continent-continent collision.
D) at a divergent plate boundary where oceanic crust is separating from continental crust.
True/False

Question 43

Mountains affect weather and climate.

Question 44

The Andes developed from a convergence between a tectonic plate carrying oceanic crust and another carrying continental crust.

Question 45

Extensional stress at a divergent plate boundary produces normal faults and grabens.

Question 46

The sides of a fold are called synclines.

Question 47

Island arcs are abundant in the Pacific Ocean.

Question 48

If tectonic forces stretch the crust over a large area, many thrust faults may develop, allowing numerous grabens to settle downward along the faults.

Question 49

Where two oceanic plates converge, one sinks beneath the other and dives into the mantle forming a/an:

A) Mid-Oceanic Ridge.
B) island arc.
C) Andean margin.
D) Himalaya-type margin.

Question 50

Normal faults, grabens, and horsts are common:

A) at convergent boundaries.
B) where the crust is being pulled apart.
C) at hot spots.
D) along transform plate boundaries.

Question 51

Continents move about as fast as your fingernail grows.

Question 52

If tectonic forces fracture the Earth's crust, rocks on opposite sides of the fracture may move past each other to create a fault.

Question 53

A circular or elliptical anticlinal shaped structure is called a basin.

Question 54

Where two continental plates converge, compressional stress squeezes rocks, forming folds and reverse and thrust faults.

Question 55

A thrust fault is a special type of normal fault that is nearly horizontal.

Question 56

A joint is a fracture in which the rocks on:

A) either side of the fracture have moved.
B) either side of the fracture have not moved.
C) either side of the fracture have moved horizontally past each other.
D) one side of the fracture have moved many kilometers over the footwall.

Question 57

The Himalayas are continuing to rise because of underthrusting.

Question 58

Rock often moves repeatedly along many faults because:

A) faults always lie over shallow bodies of hot magma.
B) all faults lie along tectonic plate boundaries.
C) faulting is a strong indication that rock in the region is distorting plastically.
D) tectonic stress commonly continues to be active in the same place over long periods of time.

Question 59

A subduction complex contains slices of continental crust scraped from the top of a subducting plate.

Question 60

The modern Himalayas continue to grow as a plate carrying oceanic crust subducts beneath a plate carrying continental crust.