Deck 5: Geologic Resources

Question 1

__________ energy resources are replenished by natural processes as we use them.

Answer 1

Renewable

Question 2

Layers of iron-rich minerals sandwiched between beds of silica minerals are called __________ __________ __________

Answer 2

banded iron formations

Question 3

Oil shale is permeated with an organic material that has not yet converted to oil called __________.

Answer 3

kerogen

Question 4

Bauxite is an example of a __________ __________ deposit.

Question 5

A/an __________ __________ deposit forms when dissolved metals precipitate in a fracture in rock.

Question 6

__________ is any rock sufficiently enriched in one or more minerals to be mined profitably.

Question 7

Low-grade hydrothermal deposits throughout a rock body are called __________ __________ deposits.

Question 8

Hydrothermal processes are probably responsible for the formation of __________ ore deposits than other processes.

A) less
B) much less
C) about the same amount of
D) more

Question 9

________________ processes form mineral deposits as liquid magma solidifies to form an igneous rock.

A) Magmatic
B) Enigmatic
C) Metamorphic
D) Energetic

Question 10

A/an __________ __________may consist of tens of kilometers of interconnected subterranean passages that follow ore veins or coal seams.

Question 11

Hydrothermal processes form _______________.

A) relatively little ore
B) most sand and gravel deposits
C) more ore than any other process
D) coal and oil

Question 12

__________ __________ form mineral deposits as liquid magma solidifies to form an igneous rock.

Question 13

When water currents slow down, __________ __________can be formed by high-density minerals.

Question 14

____________________ are examples for nonmetallic mineral resources.

A) Gold and silver
B) Sand and gravel
C) All types of iron oxides
D) Crystals in magma chambers rich in platinum

Question 15

The __________ __________ refers to the fact that electricity can be used to dissociate water into oxygen and hydrogen that could then be used to power a fuel cell to drive an electric motor.

Question 16

Petroleum, coal, and natural gas are called __________ __________because they formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived in the geologic past.

Question 17

Evaporite deposits form by _______________.

A) sedimentary sorting
B) hydrothermal solutions
C) precipitation from water
D) magma solidification

Question 18

__________ __________ are the known amount of ore in the ground.

Question 19

__________ __________ contain an oil-like substance called bitumen.

Question 20

Often, early-formed minerals sink to the bottom of a magma chamber in a process called __________ __________.

Question 21

In a placer deposit, gold settles out first when the stream current slows down because:

A) of crystal settling.
B) gold is denser than any other mineral.
C) gold is less dense than any other mineral.
D) it is an evaporite deposit.

Question 22

Most of the world's iron is mined from:

A) placer deposits.
B) marine evaporates.
C) banded iron formations.
D) disseminated ore deposits.

Question 23

A black smoker is an example of a:

A) disseminated ore deposit.
B) hydrothermal vein deposit.
C) placer deposit.
D) submarine hydrothermal ore deposit.

Question 24

Mineral reserves:

A) can increase because new and inexpensive methods of processing lower grade ore can be developed.
B) can become profitable if the price of the metal in a mineral deposit increases.
C) are constant and do not change.
D) a and b

Question 25

Hydrothermal vein deposits:

A) form when dissolved metals precipitate in a fracture in rock.
B) can yield several million dollars worth of gold and silver.
C) form placer deposits.
D) a and b

Question 26

Coal reserves are thought to be sufficient to last a few __________.

A) years
B) decades
C) centuries
D) millennia

Question 27

Salts (such as halite) that are left behind when water evaporates are called:

A) placer deposits.
B) hydrothermal vein deposits.
C) metallic ores.
D) precipitates.

Question 28

Bauxite is an example of a:

A) disseminated ore deposit.
B) residual ore deposit.
C) placer deposit.
D) submarine hydrothermal ore deposit.

Question 29

The major fuel in nuclear power plants is an isotope of _______________.

A) strontium
B) uranium
C) thorium
D) plutonium
Multiple Choice

Question 30

The color of _______________ is caused by precipitation of fine-grained metal sulfide minerals.

A) black spitters
B) black smokers
C) black chimneys
D) black vents

Question 31

Tar sands are permeated with __________.

A) bitumen
B) peat
C) kerogen
D) natural gas

Question 32

Energy sources, such as sunlight and wind, are _______________.

A) renewable.
B) nonrenewable.
C) limited
D) usually more polluting than nuclear fuels

Question 33

Placer ore deposits form:

A) whenever metal-bearing solutions encounter changing conditions that cause precipitation.
B) when magma cools slowly deep underground.
C) when landlocked lakes dry up.
D) when streams or waves sort sediment according to density.

Question 34

To form an oil reservoir, cap rocks must be _______________.

A) porous
B) permeable
C) impermeable
D) thin

Question 35

Crystal settling from magma occurs:

A) whenever metal-bearing solutions encounter changing conditions that cause precipitation.
B) when surface streams slow down and deposit sediment.
C) when the lightest crystals rise to the top of a magma chamber.
D) when early formed crystals sink to the bottom of a magma chamber.

Question 36

Petroleum migrates from the __________ into the __________.

A) cap rock, source rock
B) reservoir rock, cap rock
C) source rock, reservoir rock
D) cap rock, reservoir rock

Question 37

_______________ is formed as a residual deposit in warm climates.

A) Bauxite
B) Banded iron
C) A manganese nodule
D) A hydrothermal vein deposit

Question 38

A nonmetallic resource is:

A) an ore.
B) a concentration of metals that can be mined profitably.
C) a concentration of fossil fuels.
D) any useful rock or mineral that is not a metal, such as salt, building stone, sand, or gravel.

Question 39

_______________ releases no sulfur when burned, has a higher net energy yield than other fossil fuels, and can be extracted and used without refining.

A) Coal
B) Petroleum
C) Kerogen
D) Natural gas

Question 40

Coal forms when buried peat loses most of its __________ and __________.

A) hydrogen, oxygen
B) hydrogen, carbon
C) oxygen, carbon
D) nitrogen, hydrogen

Question 41

During burial, most of the hydrogen and oxygen are expelled from peat to concentrate carbon and form coal.

Question 42

Electricity can be used to dissociate water into oxygen and hydrogen that could then be used to power a fuel cell to drive an electric motor.

Question 43

Oil or natural gas originate from the:

A) source rock.
B) reservoir rock.
C) cap rock.
D) gas rock.

Question 44

Mineral reserves remain constant over time.

Question 45

Placer deposits form by differential settling.

Question 46

An oil reservoir is most similar to:

A) an underground pool or lake.
B) a thick deposit of tar.
C) kerogen saturated shale.
D) an oil-soaked sponge.

Question 47

Bauxite is an example of a residual ore deposit.

Question 48

Solar and wind energy are examples of:

A) fossil fuels.
B) nonrenewable energy resources.
C) source rocks.
D) renewable energy resources.
True/False

Question 49

Plant matter is composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, and silicon.

Question 50

If conditions are favorable, petroleum is forced out of the source rock and migrates to a nearby layer of sandstone or limestone to accumulate in a reservoir.

Question 51

Fossil fuels are:

A) formed from the remains of plants and animals.
B) renewable.
C) found mainly in igneous rocks.
D) being formed as rapidly as they are being consumed.

Question 52

On the average, more than half of the oil in a reservoir is left behind after a well has "gone dry," using primary recovery techniques.

Question 53

A solar cell produces electricity directly from sunlight.

Question 54

Tar sands are permeated with kerogen.

Question 55

Natural gas is mostly methane.

Question 56

Fossil fuels are renewable.

Question 57

Silver is an example of a nonmetallic mineral resource.

Question 58

Several times during the history of the Earth, shallow seas covered large portions of North America and precipitated evaporite deposits.

Question 59

Mud converts to shale and organic material converts to liquid petroleum:

A) when pressure and temperature are decreased by burial under younger sediment.
B) very quickly in the ocean.
C) when pressure and temperature are increased due to burial under younger sediment.
D) in the range of 0 to 30°C.

Question 60

Mining of sand and gravel has made more money than mining of gold.