Deck 5: Social Stratification, social Class, and Families

Question 1

A system based on ascribed characteristics with no social mobility is known as a ________ system.

A)proletariat
B)class
C)caste
D)bourgeoisie

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A family that skips meals because they do not have food is experiencing

A)food insecurity.
B)low birth weight.
C)HOME.
D)fatalism.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which explanation of poverty tends to draw from a conflict-theoretical perspective?

A)Culture of poverty
B)Fatalism
C)Social structuralism
D)Individualism

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the pathways from poverty to adverse child outcomes is FALSE?

A)Poverty puts the health of children at risk in many ways,including the likelihood of having low birth weight,which in turn increases chances of serious chronic and acute illness.
B)Almost 10 percent of U.S.households experienced food insecurity at some point in 2016,defined by the USDA as skipping meals because they cannot afford to purchase food.
C)The "HOME" is a widely used interview and observation tool of parent-child interaction,and shows that poverty has a significant negative effect on the quality and stimulation of the home environment.
D)Guns kill nearly 1,300 children and teens each year and are the third leading cause of death among children.

Question 5

Val and Nichole live in the same county in the United States.Val is wealthy,and attends a private high school with class sizes under 18 that offers art,music,foreign language,and advanced courses.In addition,Val takes private music lessons,gymnastics,and is involved in a children's theater program.In contrast,Nichole's family is poor.She attends a public school in a poor neighborhood with most class sizes over 30 and offers remedial courses,but no advanced courses.Art and music courses are minimal.Val and Nichole's life differences are based on

A)legacy preference.
B)social mobility.
C)caste system.
D)ascribed status.

Question 6

Which group is most likely to be poor?

A)Adults age 30-64
B)Children under age 18
C)Adults between the ages of 18 and 29
D)The elderly age 65 and over

Question 7

A couple earning about $65,000 a year is considered to be ________ class.

A)underclass
B)working
C)middle
D)upper middle

Question 8

Most people oppose the estate tax despite the fact that it is a form of

A)social mobility.
B)legacy preference.
C)achieved status.
D)progressive taxation.

Question 9

In Great Britain,Rachel and Troy are classified in social class II.If they lived in the United States,how would their social class change?

A)They would be social class III.
B)They would be upper class.
C)They were be working class.
D)They would not be classified.

Question 10

Which explains the difference between relative poverty and absolute poverty?

A)Absolute poverty is easier to overcome than relative poverty because there are more programs for assistance.
B)Relative poverty is common in countries such as India and Africa,and absolute poverty is the focus in countries such as the United States.
C)Relative poverty is comparative,and absolute poverty is a complete lack of basic resources.
D)Purchasing power is used to determine relative poverty,and the poverty threshold is used to determine absolute poverty.

Question 11

_________ refers to the hierarchical ranking of people within society on the basis of specific coveted resources.

A)Meritocracy
B)Social stratification
C)Caste
D)Social mobility

Question 12

Daniel receives SNAP,but has no income.After an injury,he experienced depression and stopped cooperating with industrial insurance,so he lost his disability payments and medical.His wife then divorced him.Since the divorce,he has been living in his car and holding a sign on street corners begging.He rarely sees his children because he does not have a home for them to visit.He recently went to a social service agency to ask for assistance.Which barriers stand in Austin's way?

A)As a member of the underclass,Austin may neither have resources to deal with his depression nor skills for a job he can perform with his injury.
B)As a member of the working class,Austin may not have the coping skills to deal with his mental health and employment needs.
C)As a homeless individual,Austin probably has legacy status
D)As a disabled individual,Austin is eligible for immediate free housing and other generous welfare programs if he applies.

Question 13

There is little substantial upward mobility in the United States.One primary reason is that the tools used for upward mobility,such as education,are no longer as effective as they once were.What is the second primary reason,according to the text?

A)An increasing number of women with children work outside the home.
B)The U.S.tax structure favors rich families passing on their wealth to their heirs.
C)The poverty rate continues to climb for Blacks and Hispanics.
D)Government programs have a built-in disincentive for work.

Question 14

A society in which financial and social rewards are based on their abilities,education,and skill sets is an example of

A)meritocracy.
B)class.
C)caste.
D)social mobility.

Question 15

If one multiplies the minimal USDA food budget by three,the result is the

A)poverty threshold.
B)average family income.
C)average cost of housing.
D)poverty limit.

Question 16

Which accurately explains how the individualistic perspective views poverty?

A)People are poor because of bad luck,fate,and other forces beyond their control.
B)Individuals are poor because of inequalities in the social structure.
C)People are poor because of their culture and values.
D)People are poor because they make bad choices.

Question 17

In the 19th century,who took a multidimensional view of class,emphasizing wealth,prestige,and power?

A)Weber
B)Marx
C)Proletariat
D)Durkheim

Question 18

Which of the following did Barbara Ehrenreich discover from her experiment?

A)Low wage workers are treated well by employers and customers.
B)Opportunities are the same regardless of social class.
C)It is not possible to survive on minimum wage.
D)It was not even possible to pay housing cost.

Question 19

Rebecca does the dishes every day and her brother takes out the garbage once a week.In which class is this behavior most likely found?

A)Middle class
B)Lower class
C)In a caste instead of a class
D)Upper class

Question 20

Nick's mother is a maid at the local resort and his father is a janitor.Which social class in the United States would they likely fall?

A)Middle
B)Working
C)Under
D)Over

Question 21

Which of the following statements about minimum wage is TRUE?

A)Roughly 500,00 U.S.workers earn only federal minimum wage or less,which is set at $9.25 per hour.
B)U)S.Senator Bernie Sanders was one of the first vocal supporters of raising the minimum wage to $15 per hour.
C)The federal minimum wage,at $8.25 per hour,has not been increased since 2014,despite inflation.
D)In a review of over 60 studies looking at the impact of minimum wage increases on job losses found that the vast majority of studies found that raising the minimum wage actually has a positive effect on employment.

Question 22

Malik is a 16-year-old African American young man who lives in the inner city with his mother his younger sister.His older brother,Terrell died when he was 18.Which is the most likely cause of death?

A)Lead poisoning
B)Suicide
C)Homicide
D)Drug addiction

Question 23

The EITC was enacted in 1975 to encourage

A)businesses to hire the poor.
B)women to work.
C)businesses to hire women.
D)the poor to work.

Question 24

Rosa and Jonathan have two children and earn $42,000 a year.What federal tax credit would they probably qualify?

A)EITC
B)AFDC
C)SNAP
D)HOME

Question 25

Although the EITC helps poor families,it is criticized for two important reasons.One is that the EITC could be more effective if it offered workers more money.The second criticism is that

A)it is only a once-a-year credit,rather than a monthly benefit.
B)it should apply to two-parent families,not just to single-parent families.
C)businesses should get a larger tax credit for hiring women.
D)childcare should be subsidized for all workers,not just to single-parent families.