Deck 10: Memory

Question 1

Flashbulb memories ______________.

A)are not subject to periodic revision
B)usually concern events that are emotionally charged
C)are almost always highly accurate
D)usually concern events from early childhood

Answer 1

usually concern events that are emotionally charged

Question 2

Memory is classically defined as:

A)a capacity for learning.
B)the ability retain information over time.
C)an ability of humans only.
D)unchangeable

Answer 2

the ability retain information over time.

Question 3

The sensory registers _____________.

A)are measures of retention
B)retain past information
C)control our attention span
D)receive sensory information from the external world

Answer 3

receive sensory information from the external world

Question 4

Memories that concern events that are highly significant and are vividly remembered are called _______.

A)eidetic images
B)elaborative rehearsals
C)flashbulb memories
D)eyewitness images

Question 5

What is the system or process by which the products or results of learning are stored for future use?

A)cognition
B)memory
C)perception
D)sensation

Question 6

Encoding is:

A)recalling information.
B)recognizing information.
C)representing information.
D)remembering information

Question 7

A recognition test requires one to:

A)reproduce material when provided a cue.
B)profit from previous learning to relearn faster.
C)pick the correct answer from among several possible ones provided.
D)reproduce material without cues provided.

Question 8

In what way are sensory register and long-term memory similar?

A)Storage in both is essentially permanent.
B)Retrieval from both is immediate.
C)Both have a large capacity.
D)Both make exclusive use of semantic retrieval cues.

Question 9

What are the components of the information processing model in order?

A)retrieval,encoding,storage
B)encoding,capturing,retrieval
C)capturing,encoding,retrieval
D)encoding,storage,retrieval

Question 10

Memories that concern events that are highly significant and are vividly remembered are called _______________ .

A)eidetic images
B)elaborative rehearsals
C)flashbulb memories
D)eyewitness images

Question 11

A system that allows people to retain information over time is called:

A)memory.
B)cognition.
C)computer.
D)intelligence.

Question 12

Why is implicit memory so difficult to study?

A)It does not operate on a conscious level.
B)It is a more recently identified type of memory.
C)It is concerned with the identification of only certain words and objects.
D)People with perfectly

Question 13

Memories that concern events that are highly significant and are vividly remembered are called __________.

A)elaborative rehearsals
B)flashbulb memories
C)eidetic images
D)eyewitness images

Question 14

The items on this test illustrate which method of testing memory?

A)cued recall
B)savings
C)recognition
D)free recall

Question 15

A test that requires one to reproduce information in any order is a _______ test of memory.

A)cued recall
B)savings
C)recognition
D)free recall

Question 16

Flashbulb memories are:

A)eidetic memories.
B)clear and vivid memories of where one was and what one was doing when a special event occurred.
C)photographic memories.
D)visual images that are extremely difficult to describe.

Question 17

The process of getting information out of memory is known as:

A)retention.
B)retrieval.
C)reconstruction.
D)reliable.

Question 18

The step in the memory process that actually makes our memories available to us is:

A)retrieval.
B)encoding.
C)rehearsal.
D)storage

Question 19

Information that was either unintentionally committed to or unintentionally retried from memory is known as ___________ .

A)eidetic memory
B)procedural memory
C)implicit memory
D)explicit memory

Question 20

Flashbulb memories _______.

A)are not subject to periodic revision
B)concern events that are highly significant
C)are almost always highly accurate
D)include a memory's main subject,but not the background events

Question 21

The sensory register associated with the visual sense is called the:

A)iconic memory system.
B)echoic memory system.
C)optical memory system.
D)occipital memory system.

Question 22

The hippocampus is instrumental in:

A)the formation of short-term memory.
B)the retrieval of memories from long-term memory.
C)maintaining a constant level of information filtration by the sensory registers.
D)transferring information from short-term to long-term memory.

Question 23

Unprocessed stimulation from the environment is first held in:

A)short-term store.
B)sensory memory.
C)long-term store.
D)intermediate store.

Question 24

Our visual sensation of a passing automobile would be initially stored in ___________.

A)the sensory registers
B)short-term memory
C)long-term memory
D)the hippocampus

Question 25

Information in short-term memory is retained ________.

A)for about 60 seconds
B)as long as it is rehearsed
C)for several seconds without rehearsal
D)up to several minutes

Question 26

Sensory memory:

A)holds information for as long as you rehearse it.
B)holds information for about 30 seconds.
C)holds information for one or two seconds.
D)processes information for permanent encoding.

Question 27

What we are thinking of at any given moment,or what we commonly know as "consciousness," is ____________.

A)long-term memory
B)short-term memory
C)secondary memory
D)cognitive dissonance

Question 28

Information that has been transferred out of sensory register enters:

A)long-term.
B)short-term.
C)savings.
D)either short-term or long-term depending on the level at which it is processed.

Question 29

If you want to remember something for a couple of minutes,the MOST effective device is __________.

A)visual imagery
B)tactile imagery
C)rote rehearsal
D)elaborative rehearsal

Question 30

Many years ago,telephone numbers had only four or five digits.Even now,no more than seven digits are used for phone numbers.The most reasonable psychological explanation for this is that ________________.

A)there is a direct relationship between the number of items in the sensory registers and their retention
B)there is an inverse relationship between the number of items in the sensory registers and their retention
C)there is a direct relationship between the number of items in short-term memory and their retention
D)there is an inverse relationship between the number of items in short-term memory and their retention

Question 31

Which of the following statements concerned with sensory register is true?

A)Sensory register affects both vision and hearing.
B)Sensory register affects only vision.
C)Sensory register affects only touch.
D)Sensory register affects only hearing.

Question 32

Sensory store memory:

A)holds information for as long as you rehearse it.
B)holds information for about 30 seconds.
C)holds information for one or two seconds.
D)processes information for permanent encoding.

Question 33

Information selected from sensory register is transferred to conscious awareness or

A)primary memory.
B)short-term memory.
C)factual memory.
D)long-term memory.

Question 34

The working memory is known as the _____________ memory.

A)tertiary
B)primary
C)short-term
D)long-term

Question 35

What is the capacity of short-term memory?

A)five,plus or minus two letters
B)seven,plus or minus two chunks
C)five,plus or minus two engrams
D)seven,plus or minus two numbers

Question 36

Which of the following statements about the visual sensory register system is false?

A)The codes in it are of a semantic type.
B)The codes in it are quite similar to the original sensation.
C)Its traces last for 1 to 2 seconds,maximally.
D)Its codes seem susceptible to disturbance by other visual stimuli.

Question 37

How long do the contents of the sensory store normally last?

A)less than one second
B)about four to twenty seconds
C)about five to nine minutes
D)up to a lifetime

Question 38

What is the capacity of short-term memory?

A)7 bits of information
B)7 chunks of information
C)12 letters,if measured by Sperling's partial report technique
D)16 letters,if measured by Sperling's partial report technique

Question 39

You looked up a friend's address for a letter you wrote.Suddenly the phone rings-wrong number.Even though you were interrupted for only a few seconds,you've forgotten the address.Which memory system failed you?

A)permanent memory
B)long-term memory
C)sensory register
D)short-term memory

Question 40

The capacity of STM is _______ items.

A)unlimited
B)7 + 2
C)12
D)22

Question 41

Your street address,telephone number,and social security number are stored in

A)numerical memory.
B)short-term memory.
C)long-term memory.
D)sensory memory.

Question 42

Most people cannot store the following list of letters in short term memory.G O T O Y O U R B E D R O O M However,if the letters are grouped meaningfully into words,they fit short term's memory span: Go to your bedroom.This illustrates:

A)chunking.
B)backward masking.
C)verbal coding.
D)selective attention.

Question 43

Most people cannot store the following list of letters in short-term memory. G O T O Y O U R B E D R O O M However,if the letters are grouped meaningfully into words,they fit short-term's memory span: Go to your bedroom.This illustrates _________.

A)chunking
B)backward masking
C)verbal coding
D)selective attention

Question 44

Chunking aids:

A)understanding.
B)perception.
C)retention.
D)encoding.

Question 45

Which memory system provides us with a very brief image of all the stimuli present at a particular moment?

A)long-term memory
B)sensory register
C)primary memory
D)short-term memory

Question 46

The state psychology association has invited teams from all the colleges in the state to compete in a Psych Bowl.The teams will answer questions such as "Who founded the first psychology laboratory?" Where is this information stored?

A)long-term memory
B)short-term memory
C)conceptual memory
D)primary memory

Question 47

The type of memory that is most like an encyclopedia or a dictionary is __________.

A)emotional memory
B)episodic memory
C)procedural memory
D)semantic memory

Question 48

Verbal and visual codes are types of _______ encoding.

A)primary
B)secondary
C)short-term
D)long-term

Question 49

The average memory span consists of _______ items.

A)five
B)six
C)seven
D)nine

Question 50

The portion of long-term memory that stores specific information that has personal meaning is called __________ memory.

A)emotional
B)episodic
C)semantic
D)procedural

Question 51

Information is grouped for storage in short-term memory through the process of __________.

A)rote rehearsal
B)cueing
C)chunking
D)categorizing

Question 52

Memory span is a characteristic of:

A)long-term memory.
B)short-term memory.
C)sensory memory.
D)semantic memory.

Question 53

Hermann Ebbinghaus found that memory is best immediately after we learn information,and we gradually forget more as time passes.What name is given to this observation?

A)serial position curve
B)mirage effect
C)free recall curve
D)curve of forgetting

Question 54

Steve was recalling his first day in college,including walking into the wrong class,dropping his books as he left,and the long line at the registrar's office he encountered when he had to switch classes.These memories are examples of

A)semantic memory.
B)implicit memory.
C)procedural memory.
D)episodic memory.

Question 55

The short-term memory capacity (digit-span)in a normal adult is about:

A)9 items.
B)7 or 8 items.
C)4 or 5 items.
D)14 or 15 items.

Question 56

Information is grouped for storage in short-term memory through a process called _______.

A)chunking
B)categorizing
C)rehearsal
D)cueing

Question 57

Most normal adults have a memory span:

A)of between 5 and 9 items.
B)that averages 7.
C)of 7 plus-or-minus 2.
D)all of the above.

Question 58

Which type of memory is concerned with remembering the day your parents bought you a car?

A)implicit memory
B)semantic memory
C)episodic memory
D)procedural memory

Question 59

Chunking is a means of _______________.

A)immediately forgetting irrelevant details
B)organizing information into meaningful units
C)arranging details into a hierarchy from most important to least important
D)storing long-term memories

Question 60

Chunking is a means of _______.

A)immediately forgetting irrelevant details
B)organizing information into meaningful units
C)arranging details into a hierarchy from most important to least important
D)storing long-term memories

Question 61

Scott remembers all of the details of his wedding seven years ago.This information is most likely stored in _______ memory.

A)iconic
B)episodic
C)semantic
D)short-term

Question 62

Which of the following is an example of semantic memory?

A)events
B)concepts
C)time
D)place

Question 63

Connie lost her keys.She searches her memory for when she last had them,and goes to that place in the hope that it will help her remember where she misplaced them.Connie is ________ activating her _________.

A)unconsciously; semantic memory
B)conscious; semantic memory
C)unconsciously; episodic memory
D)consciously; episodic memory

Question 64

An individual's semantic memory contains:

A)memories about events.
B)background knowledge about words,symbols,concepts and rules arranged as hierarchies of information in categories and subordinate categories.
C)autobiographical information about one's previous experiences.

Question 65

Korsakoff syndrome is caused by chronic alcohol abuse and damages the _______ in the brain.

A)hypothalamus
B)pituitary gland
C)pineal gland
D)none of the above

Question 66

Your memories of personal information such as what you wore to work yesterday,what you ate for breakfast this morning,or who your spouse is,are stored in ______.

A)procedural memory
B)semantic memory
C)episodic memory
D)eidetic memory

Question 67

Which of the following is an example of episodic memory?

A)words
B)concepts
C)symbols
D)events

Question 68

The concept of a house would be stored in _______.

A)the sensory registers
B)short-term memory
C)eidetic memory
D)long-term memory

Question 69

Your memories of personal information such as what you wore to work yesterday or what you ate for breakfast this morning are stored in _______________.

A)procedural memory
B)semantic memory
C)episodic memory
D)eidetic memory

Question 70

Our memories of general knowledge items such as the meanings of words or the dates of famous historical events are stored in _______.

A)procedural memory
B)semantic memory
C)episodic memory
D)eidetic memory

Question 71

Deciding what information to store and how to represent it is known as:

A)remembering.
B)decoding.
C)encoding.
D)recall.

Question 72

Which statement concerning long-term memory is TRUE?

A)Information in long-term is stored permanently.
B)Rehearsal is one of the primary methods information is moved from short-term to long-term.
C)The longer information is in short-term,the more likely it will be stored in long-term.
D)all of the above

Question 73

An individual's memory can be distorted by:

A)exposure to new information.
B)unconscious reconstruction.
C)being asked leading questions.
D)all of the above.

Question 74

Retrieval cues ______.

A)are important in helping us remember items stored in long-term memory
B)are aids in rote rehearsal in short-term memory
C)can be helpful in both long and short-term memory
D)have been recently shown to be inefficient in accessing available information in memory

Question 75

Semantic memory is organized __________.

A)in chunks
B)sequentially and chronologically
C)hierarchically
D)chronologically

Question 76

The hippocampus seems to be essential for __________.

A)the recall of old memories
B)maintaining one's balance
C)the formation of new long-term memories
D)proactive and retroactive inhibition

Question 77

When Rip Van Winkle returns to his native village,after 20 years of sleeping in the mountains,he goes immediately to the location of his former house and asks for his wife and children by name.The kind of memory that he is exhibiting is _______.

A)procedural memory
B)semantic memory
C)episodic memory
D)eidetic memory

Question 78

Which of the following is NOT an example of long-term memory?

A)identifying a perfume as that worn by your grandmother 20 years ago
B)repeating an address after it was told to you
C)repeating a poem learned in nursery school
D)remembering how to ride a bike

Question 79

Long-term memory is sometimes unreliable because of _______ of information.

A)reconstruction
B)retention
C)coding
D)chunking

Question 80

Which of the following is an example of semantic memory?

A)events
B)concepts
C)time
D)place