Deck 4: Exstintion: The Brain: Source of Mind and Self

Question 1

A collection of neurons and supportive tissue running from the base of the brain down the center of the back,protected by a column of bones is called the:

A)spinal cord.
B)cerebellum.
C)somatic nervous system.
D)amygdala.

Answer 1

spinal cord.

Question 2

Shannon blinks as she steps off the school bus and walks into a gust of wind.This automatic reaction is regulated by the:

A)spinal cord.
B)lower part of her brain.
C)surge of her adrenal hormones.
D)localization of function in her frontal lobes.

Answer 2

lower part of her brain.

Question 3

Cameron touches a hot iron and immediately pulls his hand away.His quick response occurs because:

A)spinal reflexes are automatic,requiring no conscious effort.
B)the brain has registered that pain is occurring and responds quickly.
C)his glands have secreted chemical messengers called hormones.
D)neurons in the spinal cord touch end to end to increase response speed.

Answer 3

spinal reflexes are automatic,requiring no conscious effort.

Question 4

When injury or disease affects the brain's functioning:

A)life is inevitably changed,either physically or mentally.
B)sensory input is drastically reduced.
C)cognition is adversely affected in a dramatic way.
D)personality is adversely affected in a dramatic way.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nervous system?

A)to gather and process information
B)to coordinate the workings of different cells
C)to produce responses to stimuli
D)to trigger and regulate neurosclerotic activity

Question 6

An important role of the spinal cord is:

A)processing and storing incoming sensory information.
B)producing responses to complex stimuli.
C)monitoring the activity of the internal organs.
D)producing automatic spinal reflexes.

Question 7

Although it weighs only _______________,the brain is the bedrock of all behavior and mental activity.

A)one pound
B)three pounds
C)six pounds
D)nine pounds

Question 8

All of the following are examples of spinal reflexes EXCEPT:

A)the erection of the penis.
B)the secretion of hormones.
C)the ejaculation of semen.
D)the hand pulling back in pain.

Question 9

The nervous system is divided into two main parts:

A)the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
B)the brain and the spinal cord.
C)the neuron and the nerve.
D)the brain and the nerves.

Question 10

The spinal cord is actually an extension of the:

A)body's visceral organs.
B)skeletal nervous system.
C)brain.
D)sensory nerves.

Question 11

Which part of the nervous system produces some behaviors on its own,without any help from the brain?

A)the reticular formation
B)the parasympathetic system
C)the sympathetic system
D)the spinal cord

Question 12

Reflexes above the neck,such as sneezing and blinking,involve the _______________,and reflexes below the neck,such as pulling a hand away from a hot stove,involve the _______________.

A)spinal cord; cranial nerves
B)sensory nerves; lower part of the brain
C)lower part of the brain; spinal cord
D)cranial nerves; precursor cells

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT true of spinal reflexes?

A)They are automatic and require no conscious effort.
B)Spinal reflexes control such responses as withdrawing from a painful stimulus,sneezing,and blinking.
C)They involve sensory messages to the spinal cord that immediately trigger a motor response.
D)They can sometimes be controlled by thoughts and emotions through neural pathways to and from the brain.

Question 14

The function of _______________ is to gather and process information,produce responses to stimuli,and coordinate the workings of different cells.

A)a cell body
B)a synapse
C)a nervous system
D)endorphins

Question 15

The brain's most startling accomplishment is its:

A)ability to maintain heart rate and breathing for years on end.
B)self-awareness of its own different capabilities and knowledge.
C)transmission of information quickly and accurately between the hemispheres.
D)production of dopamine to prevent the development of Parkinson's disease.

Question 16

Dr.Hardin is a neuroscientist.Which of the following is LEAST likely to be her area of research?

A)biological foundations of consciousness
B)aspects of the brain involved in memory
C)biological basis for mental disorders
D)aspects of psychosexual development of the child

Question 17

The _______________ receives,processes,interprets,and stores incoming sensory information and also sends out messages destined for muscles,glands,and internal organs.

A)peripheral nervous system
B)somatic nervous system
C)central nervous system
D)autonomic nervous system

Question 18

The authors describe the case of a man who developed a puzzling symptom in which he was obsessed with fine dining.This "gourmand syndrome" was the result of:

A)a stroke damaging the right side of his brain.
B)a stroke damaging the left side of his brain.
C)a split-brain operation.
D)the loss of myelin surrounding his neurons.

Question 19

The _______________ receives,processes,interprets,and stores incoming sensory information and also sends out messages destined for muscles,glands,and internal organs.

A)brain stem
B)central nervous system
C)occipital lobe
D)action potential

Question 20

An example of a spinal reflex that can be influenced by thoughts and emotions would be:

A)a sneeze near a vase of artificial flowers.
B)a hand pulled from a hot stove.
C)blinking in glaring light.
D)a man's erection while daydreaming.

Question 21

The sympathetic nervous system acts like the _______________ of a car,whereas the parasympathetic nervous system acts more like a/an _______________.

A)spark plug; accelerator
B)accelerator; brake
C)radiator; spark plug
D)brake; radiator

Question 22

_______________ occurs when the sympathetic nervous system is activated.

A)Constriction of the pupils
B)Decreased urine volume
C)Digestion
D)Contraction of the bladder wall

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a part of the peripheral nervous system?

A)sensory nerves which carry information to the brain and spinal cord from the skin,muscles,and internal and external sense organs
B)motor nerves which carry orders from the central nervous system to the muscles,glands,and internal organs
C)the somatic nervous system which includes nerves connected to sensory organs and skeletal muscles
D)the emotional nervous system which regulates responses of the body to stress

Question 24

Which of the following occurs when the sympathetic nervous system is activated?

A)constriction of pupils
B)glucose release by the liver
C)digestion is activated
D)contraction of bladder wall

Question 25

The two parts of the peripheral nervous system are:

A)the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.
B)the somatic nervous system and the skeletal nervous system.
C)the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system.
D)the autonomic nervous system and the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 26

Which of the following statements is true?

A)The autonomic nervous system collects sensory input and sends commands to skeletal muscles.
B)The autonomic nervous system consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
C)The sympathetic nervous system enables the body to conserve and store energy.
D)The parasympathetic nervous system mobilizes the body for action.

Question 27

The functioning of blood vessels,glands,and internal organs is regulated by the:

A)autonomic nervous system.
B)somatic nervous system.
C)skeletal nervous system.
D)spinal nervous system.

Question 28

As she walks out of the living room,Gloriann turns out the light.In this example,Gloriann's _______________ is active.

A)sympathetic nervous system
B)parasympathetic nervous system
C)autonomic nervous system
D)somatic nervous system

Question 29

The autonomic nervous system is:

A)self-governing.
B)part of the central nervous system.
C)part of the skeletal nervous system.
D)responsible for voluntary muscle action.

Question 30

Skeletal muscles and sensory organs are connected to the brain and spinal cord by:

A)the autonomic nervous system.
B)the sympathetic nervous system.
C)the parasympathetic nervous system.
D)the somatic nervous system.

Question 31

As Molly is walking across campus,a car swerves toward her.Her heart races and sweat breaks out as she jumps out of harm's way.This mobilization of energy is due to the action of Molly's:

A)somatic nervous system.
B)skeletal nervous system.
C)parasympathetic nervous system.
D)sympathetic nervous system.

Question 32

In the peripheral nervous system,_______________ carry orders from the central nervous system to muscles and glands.

A)spinal reflexes
B)motor nerves
C)cranial reflexes
D)sensory nerves

Question 33

Another name for the somatic nervous system is the:

A)sympathetic nervous system.
B)parasympathetic nervous system.
C)central nervous system.
D)skeletal nervous system.

Question 34

On a hike through the hills,Tim feels a bug crawling up his leg under his pants.In this example,Tim's _______________ is active.

A)sympathetic nervous system
B)parasympathetic nervous system
C)somatic nervous system
D)autonomic

Question 35

In the peripheral nervous system,_______________ enable us to move,and cause glands to contract and to secrete hormones.

A)motor nerves
B)somatic nerves
C)cranial nerves
D)sensory nerves

Question 36

The input and output for the brain is handled by:

A)the peripheral nervous system.
B)the spinal column.
C)the sympathetic nervous system.
D)the central nervous system.

Question 37

In the peripheral nervous system,_______________ carry messages from special receptors in the skin,muscles,and other internal and external sense organs to the spinal cord,which sends them along to the brain.

A)spinal reflexes
B)motor nerves
C)cranial reflexes
D)sensory nerves

Question 38

April spots the boy that she has a crush on sitting by his friends.Her heart begins to pound,her hands get sweaty and her cheeks feel hot.April's _______________ has/have been activated.

A)autonomic nervous system
B)somatic nervous system
C)spinal reflexes
D)skeletal nervous system

Question 39

As Bridget is walking across campus,a bicyclist swerves toward her.Her heart races and sweat breaks out as she jumps out of harm's way.Soon,Bridget's heart rate begins to decrease and return to a regular rhythm.This calming reaction is due to the action of Bridget's:

A)somatic nervous system.
B)skeletal nervous system.
C)parasympathetic nervous system.
D)sympathetic nervous system.

Question 40

The subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that connects to sensory receptors and to skeletal muscles is called the:

A)sympathetic nervous system.
B)parasympathetic nervous system.
C)somatic nervous system.
D)central nervous system.

Question 41

The _______________ looks like a string of link sausages.

A)cell body
B)myelin sheath
C)dendrite
D)glial cell

Question 42

Which of the following occurs when the parasympathetic nervous system is activated?

A)salivation is strongly stimulated
B)sweat glands are strongly stimulated
C)urine volume is decreased
D)ejaculation in males is stimulated

Question 43

The _______________ looks like the branches of a tree,in fact,the meaning of this word in Greek is "little tree."

A)axon
B)myelin sheath
C)dendrite
D)glial cell

Question 44

The name "glial" comes from the Greek word for "glue." It is an appropriate name because glial cells:

A)hold together dendrites and axons.
B)hold neurons in place.
C)fuse neurotransmitters to receptor sites.
D)fuse sodium ions to potassium ions.

Question 45

Which of the following transmit messages away from the cell body to neurons,muscles,or gland cells?

A)axons
B)myelin sheaths
C)dendrites
D)glial cells

Question 46

_______________ occurs when the parasympathetic nervous system is activated.

A)Constriction of the pupils
B)Acceleration of the heartbeat
C)Increased epinephrine and norepinephrine secretion
D)Relaxation of the bladder wall

Question 47

Sympathetic nervous system activation stimulates:

A)constriction of the bronchial tubes.
B)salivation.
C)secretion of tears.
D)ejaculation in males.

Question 48

When your parasympathetic nervous system is activated:

A)your blood pressure increases.
B)your body conserves energy.
C)your body prepares for fighting.
D)your body prepares to flee.

Question 49

A cell that conducts electro-chemical signals and is the basic unit of the nervous system is called a:

A)glial cell.
B)neuron.
C)cell body.
D)myelin sheath.

Question 50

Although neurons are often called the building blocks of the nervous system,in structure they are more like _______________ than blocks.

A)snowflakes
B)evergreen needles
C)pebbles
D)branches of a tree

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of glial cells?

A)they insulate the neurons
B)they provide neurons with nutrients
C)they are greatly outnumbered by neurons
D)they remove cellular debris when neurons die

Question 52

Glial cells do all of the following EXCEPT:

A)provide neurons with nutrients.
B)protect the brain from toxic agents.
C)help determine which neural connections get stronger or weaker.
D)transmit information to,from,and within the central nervous system.

Question 53

Which part of the neuron acts like an antenna to receive messages from other neurons?

A)cell body
B)dendrite
C)axon
D)glia

Question 54

Which of the following is NOT one of the main parts of a neuron?

A)glia
B)cell body
C)axon
D)dendrite

Question 55

Which of the following act like antennas,receiving messages from as many as 10,000 other cells and transmitting these messages toward the cell body?

A)axons
B)myelin sheaths
C)dendrites
D)glial cells

Question 56

Sympathetic nervous system activation:

A)mobilizes the body for action.
B)keeps the body running smoothly.
C)tends to slow the body down.
D)enables the person to sense the world.

Question 57

Parasympathetic nervous system activation:

A)dilates the bronchial tubes.
B)inhibits glucose release by the liver.
C)decreases urine volume.
D)stimulates ejaculation in males.

Question 58

The basic building block of the nervous system is:

A)nerves.
B)neurons.
C)glial cells.
D)neurotransmitters.

Question 59

Another name for neuron is:

A)glial cell.
B)precursor cell.
C)nerve cell.
D)neurotransmitter.

Question 60

Glial cells make up _______________ of the brain's cells.

A)10 percent
B)25 percent
C)75 percent
D)90 percent

Question 61

What is the name for the insulation covering many neurons?

A)myelin sheath
B)glial cell
C)nodes
D)sclerosis

Question 62

One purpose of the _______________ is to speed up the conduction of neural impulses.

A)receptor site
B)axon terminal
C)myelin sheath
D)synaptic vesicle

Question 63

How many pairs of spinal nerves enter the spinal cord at the spaces between the vertebrae of the spine?

A)12
B)31
C)43
D)86

Question 64

The human body has_______________ pairs of peripheral nerves that enter or leave the spinal cord,and _______________ pairs that are in the head,connecting directly to the brain.

A)43; 12
B)12; 43
C)3; 31
D)12; 31

Question 65

Neuroscientists have found that _______________ can kill the new neurons that have been produced through neurogenesis.

A)endorphins
B)stress
C)melatonin
D)nicotine

Question 66

If neuronal communication were compared to a baseball game,the _______________ would be the batters and the _______________ would be the catchers.

A)cell bodies; axons
B)dendrites; myelin sheaths
C)myelin sheaths; cell bodies
D)axons; dendrites

Question 67

Which part of the neuron transmits messages to other neurons,to muscles,and to gland cells?

A)cell body
B)dendrite
C)axon
D)glia

Question 68

Joan is told by her physician that her symptoms are caused by a loss of myelin.Her symptoms would be likely to include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)loss of sensation.
B)problems with vision.
C)lack of coordination.
D)flattening of emotion.

Question 69

Which part of the neuron contains the biochemical machinery for keeping the cell alive?

A)cell body
B)dendrite
C)axon
D)glia

Question 70

The process of neurogenesis occurs when:

A)the developing fetus produces millions of new neurons in the three months before birth.
B)the injection of stem cells leads to the regeneration of a myelin sheath surrounding the neuron.
C)precursor cells give birth to new neurons when immersed in a growth-promoting protein.
D)stress increases the production of new cells in order to facilitate adaptation to the stressor.

Question 71

One purpose of the _______________ is to prevent signals in adjacent cells from interfering with each other.

A)cell body
B)myelin sheath
C)dendrite
D)action potential

Question 72

Stem cells that are involved in learning and memory seem to divide and mature:

A)throughout the first 2 years of life.
B)until the age of 7 years.
C)until the age of 12 years.
D)throughout the lifespan.

Question 73

Research by contemporary neuroscientists has shown that:

A)no new central nervous system cells are produced after infancy.
B)neurons in the central nervous system cannot regenerate and grow back.
C)precursor cells can replace damaged cells in a human spinal cord,thus restoring use of limbs.
D)severed spinal-cord axons in an animal regrow if treated with certain nervous-system chemicals.

Question 74

Incoming neural impulses are received by the _______________ of a neuron.

A)dendrites
B)axons
C)terminal branches
D)precursor cells

Question 75

The _______________ plays the key role in determining whether the neuron should fire.

A)myelin sheath
B)glial cell
C)cell body
D)action potential

Question 76

Kalika is told by her physician that her symptoms are caused by a loss of myelin.Her diagnosis would most likely be:

A)Parkinson's disease.
B)multiple sclerosis.
C)early stage Alzheimer's disease.
D)epilepsy.

Question 77

A nerve is a bundle of:

A)dendrites.
B)glial cells.
C)axons.
D)neurofibrils.

Question 78

Neuroscientists have found that _______________ can inhibit the process of neurogenesis.

A)endorphins
B)stress
C)melatonin
D)nicotine

Question 79

The _______________,which is shaped like a sphere or a pyramid,contains the biochemical machinery for keeping the neuron alive.

A)cell body
B)myelin sheath
C)dendrite
D)glial cell

Question 80

Outgoing neural signals pass along the_______________ to terminal branches.

A)receptor site
B)axon
C)glial cell
D)dendrite