Deck 4: The Major Stimulants: Cocaine and Amphetamines

Question 1

3 Discuss the relationship between raw coca leaves,cocaine hydrochloride,freebase cocaine,and crack cocaine,in terms of the processing necessary to produce all except the first of these forms of cocaine.

Answer 1

no answer

Question 2

4 Coca-Cola still contains about 1 percent cocaine.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

2 The most successful commercial use of cocaine in the nineteenth century was a mixture of coca and wine.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

12 Long-term use of cocaine results in decreased sexual performance and loss of sexual desire.

Question 5

2 Describe physical signs of possible cocaine abuse as well as the chronic effects of cocaine.

Question 6

1 Describe the acute effects of cocaine in terms of its stimulant properties and its relationship to the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system.

Question 7

10 The afteraffects of cocaine are uncomfortable enough to produce a powerful craving for another dose.

Question 8

9 No matter which method of administration is used,the effects of cocaine begin to wear off after sixty to ninety minutes.

Question 9

5 After his discovery of cocaine effects,Freud distributed the drug to his friends and family.

Question 10

11 If cocaine is snorted through the nose,the effect last 15-30 minutes.

Question 11

3 The popular beverage Coca-Cola contained cocaine in its formulation until 1903.

Question 12

6 Though Freud used both nicotine and cocaine,he only became dependent on cocaine.

Question 13

14 Cocaine produces a sudden elevation of the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system.

Question 14

8 Snorting cocaine produces a quicker effect than does intravenous use of cocaine.

Question 15

13 Cocaine produces its stimulatory effects exclusively by the inhibition of the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system.

Question 16

7 Sigmund Freud eventually gave up cocaine because he personally suffered the adverse side effects of chronic cocaine abuse.

Question 17

15 Formication hallucinations are components of cocaine psychosis.

Question 18

1 Coca leaf chewing is still widely practiced in the Andean highlands of South America.

Question 19

4 Describe the major aspects of amphetamine psychosis and its relationship to paranoid schizophrenia.

Question 20

5 Discuss a possible explanation of why a stimulant drug like Ritalin or dextroamphetamine would be effective as a treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Question 21

21 Cocaine's only legitimate medical use is as a local anesthetic.

Question 22

22 Chronic cocaine abuse leads to the loss of 20 percent of dopamine receptors in the pleasure and reinforcement area of the brain.

Question 23

34 Amphetamines increase the activity level of dopamine and serotonin.

Question 24

17 "Cocaine bugs" are never associated with symptoms of cocaine psychosis.

Question 25

27 Crack cocaine is made by treating cocaine with baking soda,resulting in small rocks.

Question 26

29 D-amphetamine is stronger than l-amphetamine.

Question 27

31 The Chinese emperor credited with having discovered the herbal basis for amphetamines is also credited with having discovered marijuana and tea.

Question 28

35 Amphetamines stimulate the brain by elevating the levels of acetylcholine and endorphins.

Question 29

18 Increased snorting of cocaine can lead to small holes in the nasal septum.

Question 30

23 The kindling effect of cocaine is instrumental in setting off epileptic seizures.

Question 31

26 Crack cocaine presents fewer hazards in its preparation than does freebase cocaine.

Question 32

32 Amphetamine was first used during WWII to keep soldiers alert during battles.

Question 33

25 Cocaine hydrochloride is a form of cocaine that is typically smoked.

Question 34

16 Some cocaine abusers sense imaginary bugs crawling under their skin,forcing abusers to scratch their skin into open sores.

Question 35

28 A shift from poorly educated to better-educated cocaine abusers occurred in the 1980s.

Question 36

20 Physical signs of possible cocaine abuse include irritability,paranoia,feelings of depression,and insomnia.

Question 37

19 Physical signs of possible cocaine abuse include decreased irritability,feelings of euphoria,and increased ability to slee

Question 38

33 Amphetamine abuse in the United States reached a peak around 1967.

Question 39

30 The origin of modern amphetamines dates back to a Chinese herb called ma huang.

Question 40

24 Due to effects of the kindling effect,deaths from cocaine overdose occur from high levels of cocaine.

Question 41

44 Recent concentrations of meth abuse have occurred in America's inner cities.

Question 42

46 Liquid anhydrous ammonia is one of the ingredients used to manufacture methamphetamine.

Question 43

40 Evidence indicates that chemical changes in the brain caused by chronic methamphetamine use can be somewhat reversed by abstaining from the drug for a minimum of one year.

Question 44

55 When stimulant medications are taken during formative years,major side effects include suppression of height and weight gain,reducing growth to about 80 to 90 percent of normal levels.

Question 45

41 Methamphetamine abuse reemerged on the drug scene as crack cocaine and powder cocaine abuse began to diminish.

Question 46

49 The elimination half-life is longer for cocaine than it is for amphetamines.

Question 47

54 The drug Ritalin and the drug Adderall have been found to be equally effective in the treatment of ADHD.

Question 48

47 A recent development in present-day meth abuse has been the influx of illegal methamphetamine from France.

Question 49

37 While superficially similar,cocaine and amphetamines actually produce very different acute effects.

Question 50

42 Meth abuse is now concentrated in the United States among the affluent and the very poor.

Question 51

36 The acute effects of amphetamine resemble those of cocaine

Question 52

52 Children with ADHD are usually below average intelligence and tend to overperform academically.

Question 53

53 ADHD is outgrown at the end of childhood and does not carry over into adulthood.

Question 54

43 Crank is a slang-term for d-amphetamine.

Question 55

48 Ice is a crystallized form of methamphetamine that can be smoked.

Question 56

45 One ingredient in "homegrown" methamphetamine is pseudoepinephrine,found in numerous over-the-counter cold remedies.

Question 57

39 Amphetamine psychosis does not involve the experience of formication hallucinations,while cocaine psychosis does.

Question 58

51 The relapse rate of methamphetamine abuses is one of the highest for any category of drug abuse.

Question 59

According to the text,heavy methamphetamine users may be predisposed to acquiring Parkinson's symptoms later in life.

Question 60

50 Amphetamine abusers are generally warned to stay away from seeking treatment in Cocaine Anonymous self-help groups,since the process of recovery is very different.

Question 61

2 Why is it that coca chewing produces few instances of toxicity?

A)Little cocaine is distributed to the brain,since absorption from the digestive system is slow.
B)There is a chemical found in coca leaves which dilutes the small amount of cocaine found in the leaves.
C)As coca leaves are chewed,the cocaine is absorbed through the cheek linings,bypassing absorption in the digestive tract.
D)Ingestion of coca products never results in toxic effects.

Question 62

13 The 1885 formulation of Coca-Cola by James Pemberton was similar to Vin Mariani,except for the fact that Coca-Cola did not have any ________ in it.

A)cocaine
B)soda water
C)caffeine
D)alcohol

Question 63

10 Cocaethylene toxicity produces the following symptoms: __________.

A)greatly increased heart rate and elevated blood pressure
B)prolonged and enhanced euphoria relative to taking cocaine alone
C)an increased risk of immediate death
D)all of the above

Question 64

8 Vin Mariani was __________.

A)a popular mixture of opium and wine
B)a popular mixture of opium and cocaine
C)a popular mixture of coca and wine
D)a famed Sicilian restaurateur of the nineteenth century

Question 65

12 _________ placed restrictions on cocaine sales in the United States.

A)The Proprietary and Patent Medicine Act of 1908
B)The Parke-Davis Act of 1904
C)The Harrison Act of 1914
D)The McKinley Act of 1916

Question 66

58 It is possible that lowered norepinephrine levels play a role in ADHD.

Question 67

3 Which drug or class of drugs is a substantially less powerful stimulant than cocaine?

A)d-amphetamine
B)caffeine
C)methamphetamine
D)none of the above

Question 68

5 An average coca leaf contains about _____ percent cocaine.

A)2
B)60
C)90
D)less than .001 (prior to processing into crack)

Question 69

59 Medical applications of amphetamine-like drugs include narcolepsy and nasal congestion.

Question 70

6 Coca-leaf chewing does not result in widespread abuse because __________.

A)it is carried out with friends and family only
B)the digestive system absorbs the cocaine too rapidly for there to be an effect
C)only adults are allowed to chew coca leaves
D)very low doses of cocaine are ingested

Question 71

14 In 1903,Coca-Cola __________.

A)introduced pure cocaine into its cola ingredients
B)removed the alcohol from its cola ingredients
C)switched de-cocainized coca leaves into its ingredients
D)carbonated the beverage

Question 72

11 Care-Cola,Dope Cola,Kola Ade,and Wiseola were among several beverage products sold in the nineteenth century.An ingredient they all had in common was __________.

A)heroin
B)cocaine
C)marijuana
D)enormous levels of caffeine

Question 73

57 Treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder decreases the "signal-to-noise" ratio in the neural processing of information.

Question 74

4 Leaves of the coca shrub __________.

A)are the source of chocolate
B)are harvested in South America
C)are frequently added to tobacco in cigarettes
D)form the basis for modern-day amphetamines

Question 75

7 A bazuco is a __________.

A)mixture of heroin and cocaine
B)mixture of cocaine paste and tobacco
C)mixture of raw coca leaves and kerosene
D)form of smoked cocaine similar to crack

Question 76

56 When children are no longer taking stimulant medication (referred to as "drug holidays"),growth spurts usually occur in a normal fashion.

Question 77

1 Cocaine and amphetamines are both classified as __________.

A)stimulants
B)depressants
C)drugs having both stimulant and depressant properties
D)drugs having stimulant properties similar to nicotine and caffeine

Question 78

15 William Halstead studied __________.

A)the history of coca-leaf chewing in South America
B)the effect of cocaine as an anesthetic
C)ways to avoid cocaine dependence
D)the formula for Coca-Cola and came up with Pepsi-Cola

Question 79

9 Cocaethylene toxicity can result from a combination of __________.

A)cocaine and heroin
B)cocaine and alcohol
C)cocaine and nicotine
D)cocaine and amphetamines

Question 80

60 Diversion of ADHD medications by college students as a means of cognitive enhancement is a present day concern.