Deck 9: Globalization, Inequality, and Development

Question 1

When you buy a pair of Nike shoes endorsed by Michael Jordan, which of the following accounts for the largest share of the purchase price?

A) materials
B) workers' wages
C) workers' health benefits
D) Jordan's endorsement fee

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Weizhen works at a factory in China that manufactures shoelaces for a high-profile North American athletic shoe company. What is Weizhen a part of?

A) the global commodity chain
B) McDonaldization
C) transnational commodification
D) homogenization

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What effect do international agreements have on nation-states?

A) decrease in inequality
B) increase in migration
C) decrease in autonomy
D) increase in gross domestic product

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Jared is a highly paid marketer for a large Canadian transnational company. The company also hires thousands of people in overseas factories for considerably lower pay than Jared makes. What are Jared and the other workers part of?

A) McDonaldization
B) labour transnationalism
C) regionalization
D) a global commodity chain

Question 5

Which of the following exemplifies globalization?

A) Indian company Wind provides telephone services in Ontario.
B) Montreal fishmongers sell both Atlantic and Pacific salmon.
C) Much cheese produced in Quebec is consumed in Ontario.
D) "Hundred-mile diet" is based on consumption of local food.

Question 6

By what amount did the world population increase between 1982 and 2016?

A) 3 percent
B) 13 percent
C) 33 percent
D) 53 percent

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the inequality between rich and poor countries today?

A) It is high, but decreasing.
B) It is high and growing.
C) It is low, but growing.
D) It is low and decreasing.

Question 8

Sean and Stacy are considering the ways in which their personal consumer habits have a global impact. Making the links between their individual shopping experience and the exploitation of labourers and the environment in faraway places involves using which of the following?

A) international division of labour
B) globalization
C) sociological imagination
D) cultural homogenization

Question 9

How does imperialism differ from colonialism?

A) It is based on political domination.
B) It is based on economic domination.
C) It is based on technological domination.
D) It is based on cultural domination.

Question 10

For two decades, Ingrid has watched as her small European town changed from a site of rich traditional culture to one increasingly dominated by North American fast-food chains, North American films, and North American products. Regarding her culture, what is Ingrid worried about?

A) glocalization
B) commodification
C) homogenization
D) regionalization

Question 11

What point does the story in the textbook demonstrate about travel between Canada and Europe in 1980 and today?

A) how much richer Canadians are today
B) how closely linked people today are globally
C) how much more fun it is to travel abroad today
D) how travel is actually more difficult today although it appears to be easier

Question 12

The fact that governments can allow or disallow international access to their nations shows that which of the following is a significant source of globalization?

A) politics
B) economics
C) technology
D) culture

Question 13

Canada is involved in several trade agreements with other nations. At one point, the Canadian government was sued for acting as a "barrier to trade" because it disallowed a product that exceeded allowable toxicity levels from being sold in Canada. What does this legal action demonstrate?

A) the illegal costs of international trade
B) the decreased autonomy of nation-states involved in international trade agreements
C) the increased power of nation-states over trade agendas
D) the increase in national costs because of doing business with unscrupulous trading partners

Question 14

Which of the following terms refers to the increased passage of labour, capital, information, and commodities across borders?

A) transnationalism
B) glocalization
C) globalization
D) imperialism

Question 15

How do national governments make travel easier today than it was in 1980?

A) by making visa application processes stricter
B) by regulating air travel prices
C) by nationalizing airlines
D) by not requiring visas

Question 16

What did Canadian companies whose clothing is made in Bangladesh do after the 2013 collapse of a factory in Dhaka?

A) adopted their own safety measures
B) joined an international safety accord
C) paid the workers' families off to silence them
D) supported tighter government safety regulations

Question 17

Liam is an activist who protests against the amount of wealth and power wielded by his nation over smaller nations. What is Liam protesting against?

A) glocalization
B) regionalization
C) imperialism
D) the global commodity chain

Question 18

Which of the following characterized travel to Europe from Canada in 1980?

A) Most people relied almost exclusively on their credit cards as there were few ATMs.
B) English speakers were plentiful, even in small towns, because most Europeans knew several languages.
C) Purchases of tickets and traveller's cheques had to be made over the phone rather than on the Internet.
D) English newspapers and television programs, and North American fast-food restaurants were rare.

Question 19

Which of the following refers to the domination of one nation's economy by another?

A) globalization
B) imperialism
C) homogenization
D) commodification

Question 20

Darius has just purchased a pair of designer jeans from a large multinational company. The fabric had been made in one foreign country and the jeans sewn in another, at low labour costs. What is Darius contributing to with his purchase?

A) McDonaldization
B) transnational commodification
C) the global commodity chain
D) cultural homogenization

Question 21

Which of the following best characterizes the balance of power between nation-states and transnational corporations (TNCs)?

A) TNCs are increasingly autonomous from nation-states.
B) National governments dominate TNCs.
C) TNCs depend on nation-states.
D) National governments depend on TNCs.

Question 22

Of which of the following concepts is McDonaldization an extension?

A) glocalization
B) globalization
C) commodification
D) rationalization

Question 23

Which of the following concepts could be employed in an argument against the idea that globalization is equivalent to homogenization?

A) global supply chain and commodification
B) glocalization and regionalization
C) international division of labour and international trade
D) productivity and rationalization

Question 24

Which of the following do most sociologists NOT consider as source of globalization?

A) politics
B) economics
C) technology
D) culture

Question 25

What does the case of tobacco manufacturer Philip Morris's attempts to establish a market in Korea illustrate?

A) Politics and economics can work against one another.
B) Politics and economics often reinforce one another.
C) Politics may encourage trade but the economics do not allow for it.
D) The economics may encourage trade but the politics do not support it.

Question 26

Some reality TV shows, such as Big Brother, now exist in dozens of national versions. They all hope to achieve success by imitating content already proven popular elsewhere. Which of the following globalizing processes is demonstrated here?

A) regionalization
B) commodification
C) corporatization
D) homogenization

Question 27

Who defined the concept of McDonaldization?

A) Max Weber
B) Benjamin Barber
C) George Ritzer
D) Gordon Laxer

Question 28

In a class discussion about the homogenizing effects of globalization, Freja points out that even in multinational chain stores and restaurants there are locally influenced differences in products and services. What concept is she supporting?

A) McDonaldization
B) glocalization
C) imperialism
D) regionalization

Question 29

With which of the following terms has the global transmission of American values and American business culture become synonymous?

A) McDonaldization
B) corporatization
C) commodification
D) globalization

Question 30

Which of the following always searches for increased profit and market?

A) industrial capitalism
B) international labour
C) international organizations
D) industrial alliances

Question 31

Mira works for GEN-X, a large corporation that employs people in 30 nations. Which of the following differentiates her organization from a more traditional one?

A) It is more likely to manufacture industrial goods.
B) It is more likely to have the bulk of sales in the nation where its headquarters are located.
C) It is more likely to work closely with the governments of all of the nations it is located in.
D) It is more likely to spend massive amounts of money on advertising campaigns.

Question 32

Amnesty International is an organization promoting human rights worldwide. To which of the following aspects of globalization does this organization contribute?

A) localization
B) glocalization
C) regionalization
D) homogenization

Question 33

According to Benjamin Barber, which of the following creates McWorld?

A) localization
B) regionalization
C) globalization
D) anti-globalization

Question 34

According to the textbook, which of the following is necessary for globalization to occur?

A) widespread acceptance of cosmopolitanism
B) cheap transport and communication technology
C) socialism in at least some of the world's countries
D) international inequality which globalization will remedy

Question 35

According to the textbook, why is Canadian trade with South Korea much more advanced than its trade with North Korea?

A) because of policies of the South Korean government
B) because of policies of the Canadian government
C) because of popular support for globalization among South Koreans
D) because of popular support for globalization among Canadians

Question 36

Which of the following is the main characteristic of transnational corporations?

A) They exploit natural resources.
B) They sell to domestic markets.
C) They rely on foreign labour.
D) They are subject to national governments.

Question 37

When Dion was hired at an office supply chain store, he had to memorize scripts for every possible interaction with customers and every procedure he may have to perform. What process is at work in Dion's workplace?

A) globalization
B) commodification
C) rationalization
D) internationalization

Question 38

Globalization of the tobacco market shows that success of transnational corporations depends on all of the following EXCEPT which one?

A) economic competition
B) political influence
C) product quality
D) advertising

Question 39

In a class discussion about the homogenizing effects of globalization, Freja points out that even in multinational chain stores and restaurants there are locally influenced differences in products and services. Which of the following theories could Freja draw upon to support her argument?

A) conflict theory
B) structural functionalism
C) postmodernism
D) symbolic interactionism

Question 40

Which of the following has increased through the pursuit of higher profits?

A) modernization
B) globalization
C) dependency
D) colonialism

Question 41

Which of the following categories forms a majority of those living in desperate poverty?

A) men
B) women
C) children
D) the elderly

Question 42

Globally, which of the following spending priorities is the highest by a huge margin?

A) drugs, alcohol, and cigarettes
B) entertainment
C) military
D) health care

Question 43

What can be concluded using the Gini index figures regarding inequality?

A) Inequality is greater within certain nations than worldwide.
B) Inequality is greater worldwide than within any one nation.
C) Inequality is the same worldwide as within certain nations.
D) Inequality worldwide is roughly 30 times that of the inequality within any one nation.

Question 44

During which of the following periods were international trade and investment the lowest?

A) the late nineteenth century
B) between 1900 and 1914
C) between 1914 and 1945
D) after 1980

Question 45

In 2016, what percent of the world's population lived in fully democratic countries?

A) 20
B) 40
C) 60
D) 80

Question 46

The richest 1 percent of the world's population today earns as much as what percentage of the world population?

A) 11 percent
B) 33 percent
C) 66 percent
D) 99 percent

Question 47

Which of the following shows the highest level of inequality of income as measured by the Gini index?

A) individuals worldwide
B) individuals in developing countries
C) a country like Germany
D) a country like Brazil

Question 48

In contrast to several other theories about globalization, when do the textbook's authors suggest that it began?

A) approximately three or four decades ago
B) approximately 125 years ago
C) approximately 500 years ago
D) approximately 5000 years ago

Question 49

Which of the following reflects an Islamic fundamentalist definition of the word jihad?

A) a holy war waged against those who seek to harm Muslims
B) striving to form a worldwide spiritual community of Muslims
C) perseverance in the pursuit of high moral standards
D) striving to achieve spiritual purity

Question 50

A young couple went to China to teach English as a foreign language and were discovered by a marketing agent who was selling Western-style wedding packages. Soon they were featured on billboards and in magazines, and the company's sales skyrocketed as many young Chinese couples ditched a traditional wedding in favour of what was being advertised. What term would best describe this outcome?

A) backlash
B) consumerism
C) anti-globalization
D) cultural imperialism

Question 51

According to the textbook, which of the following represents the most intense and large-scale reaction against globalization?

A) the Zapatista uprising in Chiapas, Mexico
B) the destruction of the World Trade Center in 2001
C) the WTO protest in Seattle in 1999
D) the FTAA protest in Quebec City in 2001

Question 52

Which of the following regions have experienced opposing trends in income inequality since the 1980s?

A) China and India
B) India and Brazil
C) sub-Saharan Africa and Brazil
D) China and sub-Saharan Africa

Question 53

After watching a commercial requesting viewers to sponsor a child in Africa, Joshua asserts that the child poverty problem would be solved if the people in Africa would utilize birth control rather than expecting other countries to pay for raising their families. Which theory of development does Joshua subscribe to?

A) stages of development theory
B) dependency theory
C) stratification theory
D) modernization theory

Question 54

Judging by the list of global spending priorities shown in the textbook, what values are highlighted?

A) collectivism
B) consumerism
C) familialism
D) multiculturalism

Question 55

Which of the following measurements of global inequality shows a decrease since the 1980s?

A) regional-level inequality weighted by the number of countries in the region
B) average income weighted by the size of population
C) average income by country
D) individual-level inequality

Question 56

Globally, which of the following spending priorities is the lowest?

A) military
B) global advertising
C) education for everyone
D) cat and dog food sales

Question 57

According to the textbook, when did globalization take off in an unprecedented way?

A) 1960
B) 1970
C) 1980
D) 1990

Question 58

Which of the following should be considered part of an anti-globalization movement?

A) the World Trade Organization
B) the United Nations
C) the European Union
D) the Occupy Movement

Question 59

According to the textbook, which of the following events were instrumental in slowing the rate of globalization in the twentieth century?

A) World War I and the Great Depression
B) World War I and World War II
C) the Great Depression and World War II
D) the Great Depression and the fall of communism

Question 60

In North America, which of the following processes began with the arrival of British Puritan settlers?

A) imperialism
B) colonialism
C) globalization
D) diaspora formation

Question 61

The country where Tomaso lives has abundant natural resources, which are quickly being extracted and sold, and he and most people he knows work long hours for a small amount of money. What type of country does Tomaso live in?

A) a core capitalist country
B) a core peripheral country
C) a peripheral capitalist country
D) a semiperipheral capitalist country

Question 62

Why did the United States offer financial assistance to Taiwan, Korea, and Israel after World War II?

A) because the United States felt a moral responsibility to these nations as the worst victims of Hitler's regime
B) because the United States believed these nations were the most geopolitically important
C) because these nations exhibited the most need of all the nations after World War II
D) because, due to widespread prejudice, no one else would assist these nations

Question 63

Katherine is opposed to foreign investment and free trade in poor countries. She believes that it does nothing to help them and instead creates even higher levels of poverty and suffering. What theory is her analysis consistent with?

A) modernization theory
B) world systems theory
C) dependency theory
D) new international division of labour theory

Question 64

Developed countries claim to engage in military intervention in order to promote democracy in underdeveloped countries. Which sociological theory would support this claim?

A) modernization theory
B) dependency theory
C) international control theory
D) international cooperation theory

Question 65

Tammy's professor has told the class that if Ethiopia would simply adopt a more Western style of thinking and behaving Ethiopia would cease to be a poor nation. What theory is Tammy's professor proposing?

A) dependency theory
B) world systems theory
C) modernization theory
D) new international division of labour theory

Question 66

Which of the following is a modernization theorist most likely to recommend for an underdeveloped country?

A) renegotiate foreign debt
B) open a network of birth-control clinics
C) close foreign military bases on its territory
D) limit foreign direct investment

Question 67

According to the textbook, why are there still so many civil wars and armed conflicts in postcolonial Africa today?

A) because imperial powers have fostered conflicts between people to make them easier to control
B) because many of the nations there have a history of violence with one another
C) because local governments benefit as war provides a legitimate reason for seeking aid
D) because everyone wants control of the rich resources that are available to the strongest tribe

Question 68

Brazil is a former Portuguese colony that has been industrializing and rapidly increasing its gross national product. What type of country is Brazil?

A) core
B) peripheral
C) semiperipheral
D) semicore

Question 69

Using the same rationale that the United States used in determining which nations to aid financially and which to ignore, what is the most important influence on assistance?

A) moral obligations
B) historical relationships
C) geopolitical locations
D) urgent need

Question 70

Powerful corporations want stable political conditions in countries in which they invest. How have they mostly achieved this goal?

A) by supporting egalitarian governments
B) by supporting anti-egalitarian governments
C) by supporting democratic governments
D) by supporting authoritarian governments

Question 71

Carolina lives in a semiperipheral capitalist country. Which of the following countries is her home?

A) Japan
B) Guatemala
C) Israel
D) Germany

Question 72

In which of the following theories does modernization theory have roots?

A) functionalism
B) conflict theory
C) symbolic interactionism
D) postmodernism

Question 73

In which area of the world did the United States government use military intervention to resist land reform in order to protect U.S. commercial interests?

A) New Zealand and Tanzania
B) Taiwan and South Korea
C) South Africa
D) Latin America

Question 74

What does dependency theory focus on?

A) the internal characteristics of poor nations
B) the internal characteristics of rich nations
C) the internal characteristics of both rich and poor nations
D) the relationship between rich and poor nations

Question 75

What does modernization theory focus on?

A) the internal characteristics of poor nations
B) the internal characteristics of rich nations
C) the internal characteristics of both rich and poor nations
D) the relationship between rich and poor nations

Question 76

Which of the following ideas is a dependency theorist most likely to embrace?

A) Multinational corporations should invest more in poor countries in order to jump-start poor economies.
B) Governments of rich nations should put more pressure on governments of poor nations to become increasingly democratic.
C) Governments in wealthy nations should offer increased financial assistance to poor nations to help them create the needed infrastructure.
D) Rich nations should loan poor nations more money to kick-start their economies.

Question 77

Serge argues with his professor, saying that the reason why Latin America continues to be poor is due to the greed of countries like Canada and the United States, which keep Latin America trapped in a cycle of debt. What theory is Serge's argument informed by?

A) dependency theory
B) world systems theory
C) modernization theory
D) new international division of labour theory

Question 78

What effect did colonization have on colonies?

A) It promoted industrialization.
B) It prevented industrialization.
C) It promoted democracy.
D) It prevented democracy.

Question 79

The country where Tomaso lives has abundant natural resources, which are quickly being extracted and sold, and he and most people he knows work long hours for a small amount of money. Which country does Thomas most likely live in?

A) Japan
B) Guatemala
C) Israel
D) Taiwan

Question 80

In which of the following theories does dependency theory have roots?

A) functionalism
B) conflict theory
C) symbolic interactionsm
D) postmodernism