Deck 14: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

You are a contestant on Jeopardy! and it is your turn. You say to Alex, "I'll take Ancient Explanations of Mental Illness for $100." The answer is, "His was the first recorded attempt to explain abnormal behavior as due to some biological process." The smile on your face reveals the confidence you have as you say ________.

A) "Who is Sigmund Freud?"
B) "Who is Hippocrates?"
C) "Who is Carl Rogers?"
D) "Who is John Watson?"

Answer 1

B

Question 2

As a serious dancer, Justine watches what she eats. She knows that she is underweight, but fears that if she starts eating more that she will become obese. In addition to a preoccupation with food she has also stopped menstruating. Her behaviors suggest that she might be suffering from ________.

A) anorexia nervosa
B) bulimia nervosa
C) compulsive exercise
D) phobic disorder

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Any behavior that does not allow a person to function within or adapt to the stresses and everyday demands of life is considered ________.

A) deviant
B) uncomfortable
C) rare
D) maladaptive

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Padma is extremely confident and feels that lately she needs very little sleep. In addition, she reports that her thoughts seem to be going fast-similar to watching three television shows at once. Padma most likely is experiencing ________.

A) a manic episode
B) a dysthymic episode
C) a loss of mental control
D) a psychotic break

Question 5

People with ________ disorders have an excessively rigid, maladaptive pattern of behavior and ways of relating to others.

A) personality
B) somatoform
C) affective
D) schizophrenic
Chapter 14 - Quick Quiz 2

Question 6

Which of the following reflect behavioral aspects of test anxiety?

A) excessive worrying, expecting to do poorly, and finding it hard to study in the first place
B) procrastination, avoiding studying, or deficient study skills
C) body tension, difficulty breathing, and sweaty palms
D) anger, depression, and frustration
Chapter 14 - Quick Quiz 1

Question 7

Joanna is experiencing severe anxiety. Her psychiatrist attributes her disorder to a chemical imbalance. Her psychiatrist is using the ________ of abnormality.

A) psychoanalysis
B) intrapersonal model
C) biological model
D) behavioral model

Question 8

Kevin shows a pattern of instability in his relationships, self-image, and feelings. As such, he most likely has ________ personality disorder.

A) antisocial
B) borderline
C) dependent
D) avoidant

Question 9

According to the biological perspective, a person with phobia has elevated activation in a part of the brain called the ________.

A) amygdala
B) hippocampus
C) hypothalamus
D) corpus callosum

Question 10

Which of the following is an anxiety disorder?

A) bipolar disorder
B) conversion disorder
C) phobic disorder
D) schizophrenia

Question 11

Sal has increased levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine in his frontal lobe areas. Which disorder might he be at risk of experiencing?

A) antisocial personality disorder
B) agoraphobia
C) schizophrenia
D) dissociative fugue

Question 12

According to the behaviorists, disordered behavior is a result of ________.

A) repressed thoughts and memories that try to resurface
B) a set of learned responses
C) illogical thinking patterns
D) chemical imbalances and brain damage

Question 13

Nick is admitted to a mental institution because he hears voices talking to him that no one else can hear, and he sees demons attacking him, though no one else can see anything near him. Nick's symptoms are known as ________.

A) delusions
B) hallucinations
C) obsessions
D) compulsions

Question 14

In which disorder does a person seem to experience at least two or more distinct personalities existing in one body?

A) schizophrenia
B) panic disorder
C) depersonalization
D) dissociative identity disorder

Question 15

Which of the following perspectives claims that shaping may play a big role in the development of some cases of dissociative identity disorder?

A) behavioral
B) humanistic
C) biological
D) psychoanalytic

Question 16

What is the BEST way to describe the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

A) clearly identifiable symptoms
B) a decrease in normal functioning
C) an excess or distortion of normal functions
D) symptoms that psychologists are certain are occurring

Question 17

Dr. Nwoambi is a psychologist who is currently evaluating a new client. Dr. Nwoambi would most likely refer to the ________ to assist her in diagnosing her client's psychological disorder.

A) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
B) Physician's Desk Reference
C) Textbook of Psychological Disorders
D) Textbook of Physiological Disorders

Question 18

The primary purpose of the DSM is to ________.

A) help psychologists assess only normal behavior
B) keep the number of diagnostic categories of mental disorders to a minimum
C) help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders
D) describe the causes of common physiological disorders

Question 19

Which of the following culture-bound disorders is most commonly seen in Latin America?

A) ataque de nervios
B) koro
C) anorexia nervosa
D) amok

Question 20

Severe depression that comes on suddenly and is too severe for circumstances or seems to have no external cause is called ________.

A) dysthymia
B) bipolar disorder
C) hypomania
D) major depression

Question 21

The social or environmental setting of a person's behavior is referred to as ________.

A) the situational context Correct. The situational context is defined as the social setting of a person's behavior.
B) the historical context Incorrect. The historical context is the time in history in which a person lived.
C) the cohort effect
D) societal norms TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 22

Which of the following is one definition of abnormal behavior?

A) behavior that is rare Correct. Behavior that is rare is the statistical definition of abnormal behavior.
B) behavior that is consistent with the norms of society
C) behavior that does not create distress
D) behavior that is adaptive Incorrect. Adaptive behavior is considered normal. Maladaptive behavior is considered abnormal.
TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 23

Hippocrates maintained that mental illness was ________.

A) caused by supernatural forces
B) only in the mind of the beholder
C) curable through exorcism Incorrect. The treatment of choice during the Middle Ages was exorcism. Hippocrates was a physician during the ancient Greek period.
D) caused by imbalances of vital body fluids Correct. Hippocrates believed mental illness was caused by imbalances of vital body fluids.
TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 24

What is the branch of psychology that is concerned with the study of abnormal behavior and psychological dysfunction?

A) health psychology
B) psychopathology Correct. Psychopathology is the study of abnormal behavior and psychological dysfunction.
C) psychobiology Incorrect. Psychobiology is concerned with the biological basis of behavior.
D) developmental psychology TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 25

You are a psychologist who is evaluating the behavior of a new client. The client tells you that he does not like to wear clothing and that he walks around nude most of the time. In addition, he tells you that he lives in a society in which clothing is required and nudity is seen as abnormal. Which of the following is NOT a criterion by which you evaluate your client's behavior as abnormal?

A) statistical definition Incorrect. Walking around nude in a society that requires people to wear clothing is considered rare.
B) maladaptive
C) subjective discomfort Correct. The client in this example may not be experiencing emotional distress as a result of his desire to walk around nude.
D) social norm deviance TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 26

For those people in the Middle Ages who believed abnormal behavior resulted from spirit possession, the treatment of choice was ________.

A) herbal cures
B) "magic" potions
C) exorcism Correct. The treatment of choice during the Middle Ages was exorcism.
D) trepanning Incorrect. There is no evidence that trepanning, a treatment used in ancient times, was used during the Middle Ages.
TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 27

When one uses the medical model, psychological disorder will be diagnosed according to all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A) etiology Incorrect. Etiology is one of the concerns of a diagnosis in the medical model.
B) prognosis
C) course
D) treatment Correct. Treatment stems from a diagnosis. It does not contribute to that diagnosis.
TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 28

What was the most likely outcome for a person who was mentally ill and accused of being a witch during the Renaissance?

A) death Correct. Some estimates suggest that as many as ten thousand mentally ill individuals were killed after being accused of being witches.
B) exile from society
C) treatment
D) exorcism Incorrect. Exorcism was more often practiced in the Middle Ages when the mentally ill were thought to be possessed by demonic spirits.
TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 29

During the Renaissance, abnormal behavior was believed to result from ________.

A) witchcraft Correct. The previous eras' belief in demonic possession gave way to the belief in witchcraft during the Renaissance.
B) demon possession
C) disease organisms
D) body fluid imbalance Incorrect. Hippocrates believed body fluid imbalances caused mental illness.
TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 30

Nicholas is a man whom the local college students all think of as eccentric. Each day he stands on campus, smiling at people as they walk by, and he is known for his ever-present greeting of "Good luck!" In fact, the students at this campus have come to refer to him as "Good Luck Nick." Nobody knows if he has a home or if he is destitute, but Nicholas never asks for anything. Which of the four criteria of mental illness might Nicholas satisfy?

A) inability to function normally Incorrect. Although Nick's behaviors are strange, even odd, there is no indication that his behaviors are interfering with his own sense of normal functioning.
B) social norm deviance Correct. Nick's unusual behavior is certainly quite a bit different than the norms of society, so he would meet the criterion of social norm deviance.
C) subjective discomfort
D) objective discomfort TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 31

What is the primary difficulty with applying the criterion of "social norm deviance" to define abnormal behavior?

A) Norms are difficult to enumerate.
B) Cultures accept and view all behaviors as normal.
C) Behavior that is considered disordered in one culture may be acceptable in another. Correct. Behavior that is considered disordered in one culture may be acceptable in another.
D) Norms do not guide behavior except in rare instances. Incorrect. Most people do allow social norms to guide much of their behavior.
TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 32

Archaeologists have found skulls from as long ago as 3000 BCE that bear evidence of an ancient surgical technique, in which holes were cut into the skulls of live individuals in an attempt to release demons from the possessed victim. This process is called ________.

A) trephining Correct. The process of cutting holes into the skull of a living person is called trephining.
B) drilling
C) humoring
D) exorcism Incorrect. Exorcism is a religious ritual common in the Middle Ages that did not involve cutting holes in the skull.
TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 33

Which term refers to a way to define abnormality by comparing an individual's behavior to the norms or standards of the society in which an individual lives?

A) social discomfort
B) social mores
C) social context Incorrect. Social norm deviance is a means of defining abnormality based on the standards of society.
D) social norm deviance Correct. Social norm deviance is a definition of abnormality based on the standards of society.
TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 34

As part of a fraternity initiation ritual, Saul is instructed to interrupt a school basketball game by running on the court naked while singing the nursery rhyme "Twinkle Twinkle Little Star." If Sam complies with this ritual, his behavior would BEST illustrate ________.

A) psychosis Incorrect. Sam's behavior would not be psychotic. Stupid, but definitely not psychotic!
B) distress
C) disability
D) social norm deviance Correct. If Sam complies with the ritual (which we might hope he does not!), his behavior would surely be statistically deviant.
TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 35

Today, trephining is done to ________.

A) relieve pressure in the lower back
B) release demons from the possessed victim Incorrect. Trepanning was used to release demons in ancient times.
C) relieve pressure of fluids on the brain Correct. Trepanning is done to relieve pressure of fluids on the brain.
D) facilitate exorcisms TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 36

Ancient Greeks believed imbalances in ________ caused abnormality, while people living during the Middle Ages believed it was caused by ________. However, present-day psychologists often view psychological disorders from a ________ model.

A) evil; water; biopsychosocial
B) behavior; evil; ecological
C) bile; exposure; psychodynamic Incorrect. These are not the correct causes that were attributed to mental disorders at these times.
D) bodily fluids; the devil; medical Correct. This answer gives the best summary of the beliefs of the various eras.
TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 37

Ellie is a graduate student in psychology at the local university. She is interested in one day specializing in the study of abnormal behavior and psychological dysfunctions. What area of psychology should she focus on in school?

A) health psychology
B) psychopathology Correct. Psychopathology is the study of abnormal behavior.
C) psychobiology Incorrect. Psychobiology is concerned with the biological basis of behavior.
D) developmental psychology TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 38

You are a contestant on Jeopardy!, and it is your turn. You say to Alex, "I'll take Ancient Explanations of Mental Illness for $100." The answer is, "His was the first recorded attempt to explain abnormal behavior as due to some biological process." The smile on your face reveals the confidence you have as you say ________.

A) "Who is Sigmund Freud?" Incorrect. Hippocrates' theory of mental illness was the first recorded attempt to explain abnormal behavior as due to some biological process. Freud developed a theory of personality called psychoanalysis.
B) "Who is Hippocrates?" Correct. Hippocrates' theory of mental illness was the first recorded attempt to explain abnormal behavior as due to some biological process.
C) "Who is Carl Rogers?"
D) "Who is John Watson?" TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 39

Which was the term that Hippocrates used to describe the body's vital fluids that were believed to be the foundation of healthy or abnormal psychological functioning?

A) flora Incorrect. This was not the correct term.
B) potations
C) spirits
D) humors Correct. The four humors were believed to balance healthy psychological functions.
TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 40

It is not unreasonable to assume that in ancient times, signs of mental illness were believed to be caused by ________.

A) an imbalance of body fluids Incorrect. Hippocrates, a Greek physician, viewed the imbalance of body fluids as the cause of mental illness.
B) demons Correct. People of ancient times perceived signs of mental illness as caused by demons.
C) improper diet
D) social forces TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 41

The ________ model of mental illness explains that disorders such as anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia are caused by chemical imbalances, genetic problems, brain damage or dysfunction, or some combination of those causes.

A) biological Correct. The biological model proposes that psychological disorders have physiological causes.
B) psychodynamic Incorrect. The psychodynamic model proposes that disordered behaviors are a result of unconscious issues.
C) naturalistic
D) cognitive-behavioral TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 42

According to the cognitive perspective, disordered behavior is the result of ________.

A) repressed thoughts and memories that try to resurface
B) a set of learned responses Incorrect. Behaviorists focus on learned responses. Cognitive psychologists focus on thinking patterns.
C) illogical thinking patterns Correct. Cognitive psychologists focus on thinking patterns.
D) chemical imbalances and brain damage TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 43

Any behavior that does not allow a person to function within or adapt to the stresses and everyday demands of life is considered ________.

A) deviant
B) uncomfortable Incorrect. Inability to function or adapt to stress may not be uncomfortable to the person who is having this experience.
C) rare
D) maladaptive Correct. Behavior is considered maladaptive if it does not allow a person to function or adapt to the stresses and everyday demands of life.
TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 44

Which model of abnormality explains abnormal behavior as the result of a set of learned responses?

A) psychoanalytic
B) cognitive Incorrect. Cognitive psychologists believe disordered behavior is the result of illogical thinking patterns.
C) behavioral Correct. Behaviorists believe disordered behavior is the result of learned responses.
D) biological TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 45

Which model of abnormality views abnormal behavior as the result of illogical thinking?

A) psychoanalytic
B) cognitive Correct. Cognitive psychologists believe disordered behavior is the result of illogical thinking patterns.
C) behavioral Incorrect. Behaviorists believe disordered behavior is the result of learned responses. Cognitive psychologists believe disordered behavior is the result of illogical thinking patterns.
D) biological TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 46

Any pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress, causes harm to others, or harms their ability to function in daily life, is called ________.

A) a psychological disorder Correct. A psychological disorder is defined as any pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress, causes harm to others, or harms their ability to function in daily life.
B) humors
C) stress syndrome
D) adaptive behavior Incorrect. A psychological disorder is defined as any pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress, causes harm to others, or harms their ability to function in daily life.
TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 47

Dave, a graduate student, has difficulty talking to groups. Unfortunately, he has chosen a career in which he must speak to large groups of people. The night before a presentation he tosses and turns, and the resulting lack of sleep makes the situation worse. When he makes a presentation, he often becomes confused and stumbles over his words. As a result, he feels worthless and miserable. Which two criteria of abnormal behavior are most useful in analyzing this case?

A) inability to function normally and statistical rarity Incorrect. Dave's discomfort with speaking in front of groups is not necessarily rare.
B) subjective discomfort and inability to function normally Correct. Since Dave has chosen a career that requires him to speak to large groups of people, his behavior is considered abnormal due to the great deal of emotional distress he is experiencing. This is impacting his ability to function normally in his workplace.
C) statistical rarity and deviance from social norms
D) deviance from social norms and subjective discomfort TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 48

The psychodynamic model holds that abnormal behavior is the result of ________.

A) learning
B) repressed thoughts, memories, and concerns Correct. Psychodynamic model pays a lot of emphasis to the unconscious.
C) biology Incorrect. This was not the emphasis of the psychodynamic model.
D) biochemical imbalances TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 49

One sign of abnormality is when a person engages in behavior that creates a great deal of emotional distress or ________.

A) subjective discomfort Correct. Subjective discomfort is a sign of abnormality and is defined as the emotional distress a person experiences due to his or her behavior.
B) social deviance
C) statistical rarity Incorrect. Although a behavior may be defined as rare by the statistical definition, it may not cause distress or subjective discomfort.
D) situational anxiety TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 50

A behavioral therapist is working with a depressed client. Which of the following causes is the most likely focus of this therapist's intervention?

A) learned behaviors of depression Correct. Behaviorists believe disordered behavior is a result of a set of learned responses.
B) unusual levels of neurotransmitters
C) negative interpretations of life events Incorrect. Interpretations involve thought, which is the focus of cognitive psychology. Behaviorists focus on learned behavior.
D) a superego that is too harsh and strict TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 51

The psychodynamic model of abnormal behavior is based on the work of ________.

A) Freud Correct. Freud's psychoanalytic school of thought gave rise to the psychodynamic model.
B) Perls
C) Rogers
D) Skinner Incorrect. Skinner was a behaviorist, not a psychodynamic theorist.
TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 52

According to the behaviorists, disordered behavior is a result of ________.

A) repressed thoughts and memories that try to resurface
B) a set of learned responses Correct. The behaviorists believe disordered behavior is a result of a set of learned responses.
C) illogical thinking patterns Incorrect. Illogical thinking patterns are the focus in cognitive psychology.
D) chemical imbalances and brain damage TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 53

Which of the following is an example of subjective discomfort?

A) hearing voices that no one else can hear Incorrect. This indicates psychosis, which may or may not bring with it subjective discomfort.
B) worrying about everything most of the time Correct. A pervasive sense of worry would indicate subjective discomfort.
C) feeling that you're better than everyone else
D) deciding that rules are for suckers and that you don't have to obey them as long as you don't get caught TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 54

Identify which term is the most accurate with regard to the term insanity.

A) It is a defense that is attempted in at least 40 percent of all criminal cases.
B) It is no longer used in the mental health or criminal justice fields.
C) It is a legal, not a psychological, term. Correct. This term is used in the criminal justice system to determine if a person is responsible for a crime.
D) It can only be applied by a licensed psychologist. Incorrect. The term is a legal concept, not a psychological one.
TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 55

The biological model views psychological disorders as resulting from ________.

A) distorted thought patterns
B) repressed memories Incorrect. The psychoanalytic models view repressed memories as a cause of psychological disorders.
C) underlying behavioral issues
D) physiological causes Correct. The biological model proposes that psychological disorders are a result of physiological causes.
TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 56

Linda is afraid of cats because, when she was a little girl, a cat scared her by jumping out of her closet and onto her face. As a result of this experience, Linda learned to be afraid of cats. Which model of abnormality offers the BEST explanation of Linda's fear?

A) cognitive
B) behavioral Correct. Behaviorists believe disordered behavior is a result of a set of learned responses, as in the case of Linda's fear of cats.
C) sociocultural
D) psychoanalytic Incorrect. Linda's fear is learned rather than the result of repressed thoughts or memories.
TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 57

Joanna is experiencing severe anxiety. Her psychiatrist attributes her disorder to a chemical imbalance. Her psychiatrist is using the ________ of abnormality.

A) psychoanalytic model Incorrect. The psychoanalytic model proposes that disordered behaviors are a result of repressed thoughts, experiences, and memories.
B) intrapersonal model
C) biological model Correct. The biological model proposes that psychological disorders have physiological causes.
D) behavioral model TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 58

Whenever Greta thinks about her life, she automatically bursts into tears. This example most clearly illustrates the impact of ________ in psychological disorders.

A) subjective discomfort Correct. Greta is experiencing significant personal discomfort, since this is her reaction to thoughts of her life.
B) defensiveness
C) denial Incorrect. Nothing in this question suggests that Greta is in denial of any life circumstances.
D) disability TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 59

Ian's wife suggests that he talk to a doctor because of his inability to cope with criticism. The doctor suggests that Ian's problem represents the expression of a repressed, unresolved, internal conflict buried in his unconscious mind that has its roots in Ian's childhood. This view is typical of the ________ model of abnormality.

A) biological
B) behavioral Incorrect. The behavioral model focuses on learning, not on the unconscious, which is the focus of the psychoanalytic view.
C) cognitive
D) psychodynamic Correct. The psychodynamic model views repressed thoughts and memories as the cause of psychological disorders.
TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 60

Maria is a retired factory worker who lives with anxiety. Due to the fear of having anxiety attacks, she does not leave her house. This makes her feel trapped in her home, which creates distress. Which criterion would be most appropriate in deciding whether Maria's case represents an example of abnormality?

A) statistical rarity
B) subjective discomfort Correct. Maria is experiencing distress or subjective discomfort due to her inability to leave her home.
C) situational context Incorrect. Maria's situational context is not an issue, since there is nothing particularly anxiety-inducing about being retired and living at home.
D) social norm deviance TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 61

A cognitive therapist is working with a depressed client. Which of the following causes is the likely focus of this therapist's intervention?

A) learned behaviors of depression Incorrect. Behaviorists believe disordered behavior is the result of learned responses. Cognitive psychologists believe disordered behavior is the result of thought processes, such as negative interpretations of life events.
B) unusual levels of neurotransmitters
C) distorted interpretations of life events Correct. Cognitive psychologists believe disordered behavior is the result of distorted thought processes, such as negative interpretations of life events.
D) a superego that is too harsh and strict TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 62

What is the most frequently diagnosed anxiety disorder in the United States?

A) specific phobia Correct. Specific phobias are diagnosed more than any other anxiety disorder each year.
B) social anxiety disorder
C) post-traumatic stress disorder Incorrect. Of these four listed anxiety disorders, PTSD is diagnosed with the least frequency in a given year.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 63

In any given year, between approximately ________ percent of adults over the age of 18 suffer from a mental disorder.

A) 26 and 32 Correct. About 26 to 32 percent of adults over the age of 18 suffer from a mental disorder.
B) 12 and 15 Incorrect. About 26 to 32 percent of adults over the age of 18 suffer from a mental disorder.
C) 33 and 38
D) 43 and 46 TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 64

Excessive or unrealistic fearfulness and worry are characteristic of ________.

A) mood disorders Incorrect. Mood disorders are disturbances in emotions from intense sadness and despair to extreme happiness and elation.
B) dissociative neurosis
C) anxiety disorders Correct. Excessive or unrealistic fearfulness and anxiety are characteristic of anxiety disorders.
D) amnesia TOPIC: Disorders of Anxiety, Trauma, and Stress: What, Me Worry?

Question 65

Nwoambi is a psychologist who is currently evaluating a new client. Dr. Nwoambi would most likely refer to the ________ to assist in diagnosing the client's psychological disorder.

A) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Correct. The DSM helps psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders.
B) Physician's Desk Reference Incorrect. The Physician's Desk Reference is used by medical professionals to diagnose physiological problems.
C) Textbook of Psychological Disorders
D) Textbook of Physiological Disorders TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 66

What do psychologists call disorders that are found only in particular cultures?

A) restricted syndromes
B) naturalistic syndromes
C) sociocultural disorders Incorrect. Disorders that are found only in particular cultures are known as cultural syndromes.
D) cultural syndromes Correct. Disorders that are found only in particular cultures are known as cultural syndromes.
TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 67

Which model of abnormality holds that physical, mental, and cultural factors are intertwined and that they must all be considered when dealing with psychology disorders?

A) the eclectic model Incorrect. Eclecticism is a term that is more appropriate for a discussion of psychotherapy rather than psychopathology.
B) the biopsychosocial model Correct. The biopsychosocial model considers the input of multiple factors in the diagnosis of a mental illness.
C) the psychophysiological model
D) the Gestalt model TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 68

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the DSM-5?

A) It describes symptoms and includes a checklist of specific criteria for diagnosis. Correct. The DSM-5 provides symptoms and a checklist of specific criteria that must be met for diagnosis of a disorder.
B) It lists information regarding symptoms, but does not include a checklist of criteria that must be met for diagnosis.
C) It is used to diagnose medical conditions that may have an impact on mental health. Incorrect. The DSM-IV-TR is used to diagnose mental illnesses, not medical conditions.
D) It is used to diagnose all kinds of medical conditions. TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 69

Which of the following is the most commonly diagnosed psychological disorder in the United States?

A) generalized anxiety disorder
B) specific phobias Correct. Specific phobias are diagnosed in almost 9% of the U.S. population each year.
C) substance-abuse disorder
D) schizophrenia Incorrect. Schizophrenia is only diagnosed in approximately 1.1% of the US population in a given year.
TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 70

The primary purpose of the DSM is to ________.

A) help psychologists assess only normal behavior
B) keep the number of diagnostic categories of mental disorders to a minimum Incorrect. The primary purpose of the DSM is to help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders.
C) help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders Correct. The DSM helps psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders.
D) describe the causes of common physiological disorders TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 71

The most recent version of the DSM is the ________.

A) DSM-III-R
B) DSM-IV-TR
C) DSM-5 Correct. DSM-5 was released in 2013.
D) DSM-VI-R Incorrect. DSM-VI-R is not an edition that has ever been released. The current edition is DSM-5.
TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 72

Free-floating anxiety refers to anxiety that is ________.

A) related to a specific event
B) unrelated to any specific, known source Correct. The definition of free-floating anxiety is anxiety that is unrelated to any specific, known source.
C) related to a realistic source Incorrect. Free-floating anxiety is unrelated to any realistic, known source.
D) related to a specific object TOPIC: Disorders of Anxiety, Trauma, and Stress: What, Me Worry?

Question 73

________ is used to help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders.

A) The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) Correct. The DSM helps psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders.
B) The Physician's Desk Reference Incorrect. The Physician's Desk Reference is used by medical professionals to diagnose physiological problems.
C) The Textbook of Psychological Disorders
D) The Textbook of Physiological Disorders TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 74

The tendency of those studying psychopathology to start seeing themselves as suffering from the illnesses being discussed is known as ________.

A) accurate self-assessment Incorrect. While we all may have some occasional behaviors that resemble the symptoms of a mental disorder, it does not indicate the presence of real psychopathology in each student.
B) unnecessary worrying
C) psychopathological transference
D) psychology student's syndrome Correct. This happens when one starts to study illnesses and tends to self-diagnose.
TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 75

Which of the following statements is TRUE about anxiety?

A) It is never considered realistic or normal.
B) Some anxiety is realistic when its source is understandable. Correct. This statement is true because some types of anxiety are normal.
C) It always manifests itself as a disorder.
D) It is unusual for a mentally healthy person to experience anxiety. Incorrect. This statement is false because some anxiety is normal and is experienced by mentally healthy people.
TOPIC: Disorders of Anxiety, Trauma, and Stress: What, Me Worry?

Question 76

Some Asian cultures view mental illness as ________.

A) a shameful thing that hurts the marriage chances of other family members Correct. Mental illness is viewed by some Asian cultures as shameful.
B) a normal thing that does not affect the marriage chances of other family members
C) an imbalance in bodily fluids Incorrect. Hippocrates, a physician during the ancient Greek period, viewed mental illness as an imbalance of bodily fluids. Some Asian cultures view mental illness as shameful.
D) a culture-bound syndrome TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 77

________ is a term that refers to the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which a person's behavior takes place.

A) Cultural relativity Correct. Cultural relativity refers to the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which a person's behavior takes place.
B) Social context
C) Situational context Incorrect. The situational context is the social or environmental setting in which a person's behavior takes place.
D) Situational relativity TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 78

Which of the following is an anxiety disorder?

A) bipolar disorder Incorrect. Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder.
B) conversion disorder
C) a phobia Correct. A phobia is an anxiety disorder.
D) schizophrenia TOPIC: Disorders of Anxiety, Trauma, and Stress: What, Me Worry?

Question 79

DSM stands for:

A) Diagrammatic and Statistical Manual. Incorrect. This is close, but it is "diagnostic," not "diagrammatic."
B) Deviance and Sadism Manual.
C) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. Correct. This is the correct expansion of "DSM."
D) Developmental Sickness Model. TOPIC: What Is Abnormality?

Question 80

Miguel has a great job, is well educated, and has a loving family. Despite these positive aspects of his life, he experiences anxiety every day. When asked by his therapist the reason for his anxiety, he says, "I don't know why. I don't have any reason to feel anxious, yet I worry all the time." The therapist describes Miguel as having ________ anxiety.

A) free-floating Correct. Free-floating anxiety is anxiety that is unrelated to any specific, known source.
B) normal
C) healthy
D) restricted Incorrect. Since Miguel's anxiety has no particular cause or focus, it is considered free-floating anxiety.
TOPIC: Disorders of Anxiety, Trauma, and Stress: What, Me Worry?