Deck 18: The Cold War World: Global Politics, economic Recovery, and Cultural Change

Question 1

Which of the following helped foster the establishment of communist states in Eastern Europe after 1945?

A)Public revulsion against the failure of the Western democracies to stop Hitler,resulting in the defeat of their allies at the polls.
B)Soviet diplomatic pressure,political infiltration,and military power.
C)A massive infusion of Soviet economic and technical aid,hastening the rebuilding process.
D)Persistent ethnic conflict,exacerbated by the earlier Nazi occupation.
E)Soviet propaganda that showed the superiority of the socialist vision of the future over that of the capitalist West.

Answer 1

Soviet diplomatic pressure,political infiltration,and military power.

Question 2

The German who succeeded Adolf Hitler as chancellor of West Germany was:

A)Helmut Kohl.
B)Janos Kadar.
C)Günter Grass.
D)Konrad Adenauer.
E)Jirí Menzel.

Answer 2

Konrad Adenauer.

Question 3

The economic boom that Europe enjoyed following World War II was fueled by all of the following except:

A)high consumer demand for goods.
B)high levels of employment.
C)a wide range of technological innovations.
D)continued capital investment.
E)trade protectionism.

Answer 3

trade protectionism.

Question 4

During the mid-1950s,Eastern Europe experienced a great many disruptions that were triggered by:

A)the worldwide economic recession.
B)starvation caused by three crop failures in a row.
C)propaganda broadcasts of the Voice of America.
D)population pressures as a result of the baby boom.
E)the death of Josef Stalin.

Question 5

To further aid in the economic growth of Europe,in 1957,Western European nations formed the European Economic Community (EEC),or Common Market,with the signing of the:

A)Treaty of Lacarno.
B)Antwerp Accords.
C)Treaty of Rome.
D)London Concordant.
E)Protocol of Paris.

Question 6

In 1955,the Soviet Union and its allies in Eastern Europe responded to the formation of NATO with the:

A)Moscow Accords.
B)Budapest Agreement.
C)Warsaw Pact.
D)Prague Treaty.
E)Leningrad Alliance.

Question 7

Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn was a Russian writer,whose account of his time in the Soviet government's Siberian prison camps was entitled:

A)The House of the Dead.
B)One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich.
C)The Inspector General.
D)Bleak House.
E)Doctor Zhivago.

Question 8

The stated U.S.policy of containment regarding the Soviet Union in the post-World War II world was set forth in 1946 by:

A)George Kennan.
B)George Marshall.
C)Harry S Truman.
D)Douglas MacArthur.
E)Dwight D Eisenhower.

Question 9

Although all of Western Europe experienced economic recovery in the post-World War II years,one country in particular,_________,had a spectacular recovery.

A)France
B)West Germany
C)the Netherlands
D)Italy
E)Great Britain

Question 10

Which of the following was NOT an important element of the Marshall Plan?

A)The restriction of Catholic political movements that tended toward an inherent suspicion of American culture and political motives.
B)The tacit suppression of left-leaning political movements in Western Europe in return for aid.
C)The shipment of vast amounts of American money and goods to the states of Western Europe.
D)Restraints on wages and other fiscal measures that might further socialist political agendas in Western Europe.
E)Armaments and other forms of military assistance to aid the battle against communists.

Question 11

Only one communist country,Yugoslavia,managed to steer clear of alliances during the Cold War and remain within neither the Soviet sphere of influence nor that of the West,primarily due to the strength of its leader:

A)Stefan Wyazynski (Marshall Broz).
B)Josip Broz (Marshal Tito).
C)Yahya Khan (General Shek).
D)Slobodan Milosevic (General Matyas).
E)Władysław Gomułka (Marshall Lech).

Question 12

Two of the most influential international agencies,the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank,were designed to establish a stable economic landscape and were established in 1944 at:

A)Bretton Woods.
B)the Hague.
C)Birnam Wood.
D)New York City.
E)Zürich.

Question 13

The arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union began in 1949 when the Soviet Union tested its own _________,a weapon on which the United States had a monopoly until that time.

A)atomic bomb
B)hydrogen bomb
C)neutron bomb
D)"star wars" defense system
E)cobalt bomb

Question 14

The British system of social welfare was grounded in the economic theories of:

A)Alan Greenspan.
B)John Maynard Keynes.
C)Paul Volcker.
D)Robert Reich.
E)Andrew Volstead.

Question 15

The modern welfare state was a creation of the post-World War II economic boom and was first instituted in Great Britain under the Labour party prime minister:

A)Winston Churchill.
B)David Lloyd George.
C)Neville Chamberlain.
D)Anthony Eden.
E)Clement Atlee.

Question 16

J.Robert Oppenheimer warned that a new weapon developed in the 1950s was a "weapon of genocide." That weapon was the:

A)atomic bomb.
B)nuclear submarine.
C)hydrogen bomb.
D)intercontinental missile.
E)cobalt bomb.

Question 17

What was the "Berlin Airlift"?

A)A process of evacuating ethnic German refugees following the Soviet capture of the city in 1945.
B)The bombing of the city in the final days of World War II by the Allies.
C)The means by which Western intelligence services secretly evacuated top Nazi officials with important information who would otherwise have been executed by the Soviet forces.
D)A massive reinforcement of Western military power in the city during the crisis over the Berlin Wall in 1962.
E)A process of providing desperately needed food and supplies during the Soviet blockade of 1948.

Question 18

In a 1947 speech to Congress,President Harry S.Truman set out his policy of support for the resistance of "free peoples" to communism by tying politics to economics;it would be a choice between "two ways of life." This policy was known as the:

A)Fair Play for America Doctrine.
B)Share the Wealth Doctrine.
C)Truman Doctrine.
D)Marshall Doctrine.
E)Eisenhower Doctrine.

Question 19

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)was formed in 1949 by the United States and representatives of Western European states for the purpose of:

A)ensuring the proper disbursement of Marshall Plan funds.
B)guarding the shipping lanes in the North Atlantic.
C)providing a "free trade zone" for the countries of Europe and the United States.
D)providing mutual defense: an attack against one was an attack against all.
E)planning coordinated economic policies.

Question 20

To what does the term Iron Curtain refer?

A)The nickname given by Soviet officials to the new extended frontier against Western aggression in central Europe.
B)The nickname given by Soviet military officers to their blockade established around Berlin in 1948.
C)An early nickname given by NATO troops to the Berlin Wall.
D)The nickname given by Winston Churchill to the line separating Soviet-dominated Europe from capitalist Europe.
E)The code name for the naval blockade of Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962.

Question 21

The tenets of Marxism called for a revolution by the proletariat,the industrial workers,but China in the 1940s was a nation of peasants,so an adaptation of Marxism was provided by:

A)Lin Biao.
B)Mao Zedong.
C)Chiang Kai-shek.
D)Ho Chi Minh.
E)Jiang Jeishi.

Question 22

Although many intellectuals wanted to investigate the mentality of Nazism,others simply wanted people to remember.Many survivors of the concentration camps,such as _________,wanted others to know what had happened and to not forget.

A)Klaus Barbie
B)Primo Levi
C)Günter Grass
D)Adolph Eichmann
E)Hermann Hess

Question 23

Jean-Paul Sartre was the leading proponent of the twentieth-century philosophy of existentialism,which held that:

A)to be is to be perceived.
B)knowledge is unattainable.
C)essence precedes existence.
D)existence precedes essence.
E)existence is perceived reality;one's essence is unknowable.

Question 24

Even with Nikita Khrushchev's desire to improve relations with the West and reduce tensions,military events occasionally escalated almost to the point of war,as in 1962,when:

A)the United States installed a new generation of intercontinental missiles in Turkey.
B)a Chinese military unit,with U.S.approval,crossed into Siberia and declared it free and independent of the Soviet Union.
C)a U.S.nuclear submarine secretly entered the Soviet port of Minsk and was captured as it attempted to leave.
D)the Soviet Union attempted to install intermediate-range ballistic missiles and other offensive military equipment in Cuba.
E)the United States attempted to destroy the Berlin Wall by planting explosives in secret tunnels under Checkpoint Charlie.

Question 25

The growing rift with the Soviet Union led the United States to build military defenses In Western Europe. In April 1949,the result was the establishment of:

A)European Union.
B)North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
C)United Nations.
D)European Free Trade Organization.
E)Western European Union.

Question 26

After coming to power in 1956 and nationalizing the Suez Canal,Gamal Abdul Nasser used the money raised from operating the canal to fund a project,the _________,to further bolster Egyptian national pride and economy.

A)restoration of the pyramids
B)Aswan Dam on the Nile
C)rebuilding of the Library of Alexandria
D)building of hospitals throughout Africa
E)building of schools throughout the Arab world

Question 27

Members of the "Frankfurt school" sought to understand the emergence of Nazism:

A)by emphasizing the uniquely evil character of Hitler.
B)by reference to the humiliating defeat of Germany in the First World War.
C)as an indirect expression of the economic trauma caused by the Weimar hyperinflation.
D)as an example of how citizens were depoliticized by the modern culture industry.
E)as a fundamentally uninteresting,even banal historical episode.

Question 28

Although the war in Indochina was hard on the French,the war in Algeria was much harder since it involved fighting on three fronts: a guerrilla war in the countryside,a war of terror fought in Algeria's cities,and a war:

A)against foreign terrorists coming to the Algerians' aid.
B)with other Arab countries which supported Algeria.
C)of terrorism within France against Algerian supporters at home.
D)of political action at the United Nations in an attempt to secure aid.
E)of opinion at home,politically dividing the country and bringing down the government.

Question 29

For the most part,when the European colonial powers left Africa,their legacy was:

A)such that virtually none of the former colonies possessed the means to make independence work.
B)a continent of independent countries,which possessed the resources to take their place in the world.
C)one of peace and harmony between themselves and their former colonies.
D)such that African countries became the model of democracy for Asian Third World countries.
E)very mixed: some countries rivaled those of Europe within a decade,while others remained dependent on foreign aid.

Question 30

Khrushchev,as first secretary of the Soviet Union's Communist Party:

A)allowed for complete literary license for Soviet writers.
B)agreed to a summit meeting with leaders from Britain,France and the United States.
C)publically acknowledged the harshness of Stalin's regime.
D)continued with soviet testing of nuclear weapons.
E)crushed anti-Soviet rebellions in Poland and Hungry.

Question 31

One of the wildly popular books of Joseph Heller,Catch-22,represented a form of popular existentialism and was concerned with the absurdity of:

A)corporate life.
B)academic life.
C)war.
D)modern life.
E)religion.

Question 32

The French appeared to have won a colonial war in Vietnam in 1951,but rather than begin peace talks and arrive at depolarization on favorable terms,they fought on and eventually lost everything at the battle of:

A)Ngo Dinh Diem.
B)Hanoi.
C)Dien Bien Phu.
D)Saigon.
E)Ho Chi Minh.

Question 33

The British had been in political control of Palestine since World War I,but promised a portion of the land as a Jewish homeland with its 1917:

A)Declaration of Balmorals.
B)Danforth Declaration.
C)Statement of Jewish Principles.
D)Balfour Declaration.
E)Zion Protocols.

Question 34

Communism spread throughout Eastern Europe in the aftermath of World War II and Soviet occupation,but communism also took control of _________ in the 1940s through revolution.

A)Vietnam
B)Turkey
C)Greece
D)Hungary
E)China

Question 35

In the late 1940s and with the concurrence of Britain,the Afrikaner government of South Africa instituted its racial policy of:

A)equality for all.
B)indentured servitude.
C)slavery.
D)Negritude.
E)apartheid.

Question 36

One of the most promising of the newly independent African nations,Ghana,soon fell victim to corruption with its first president:

A)Kenneth Kaunda.
B)Joseph Kenyatta.
C)Kwame Nkrumah.
D)Steven Biko.
E)Nelson Mandela.

Question 37

The postwar world faced the moral dilemmas of war,occupation,and resistance,and were expressed in that period through all of the following except:

A)art.
B)architecture.
C)music.
D)literature.
E)drama.

Question 38

Soviet Union post war relations with Eastern Europe included all except:

A)claimed control of Eastern Europe as the price of defeating Hitler.
B)dictated policy of economic and military control over lands liberated from Nazi rule.
C)use of a combination of diplomatic pressure,political infiltration and military power.
D)creation of central and eastern European states that excluded former Nazi sympathizers.
E)support for the wartime negotiations as set forth in the "Declaration of Principles of War."

Question 39

Many Western intellectuals sought to revive humanism and democratic values after the horrors of World War II;a group of writers,one of them being _________,pointed out that colonialism made their task ever more difficult.

A)Franz Fanon
B)Moise Obote
C)Bilal Martinique
D)Kemal Atatürk
E)Aimé Senghor

Question 40

France's Fifth Republic of 1958:

A)maintained a limitation to the executive branch of government.
B)supported NATO and its international policies.
C)under De Gaulle's leadership worked to restore France's power and prestige.
D)strengthened its control over colonies including Algeria.
E)cultivated a close relationship with Britain and the United States.

Question 41

After the war,anti-Semitism was still rampant across Europe,and many blamed the Jews for bringing about the war.

Question 42

The United States countered the expansion of Soviet power and locally based communist movements with massive programs of economic and military aid to Western Europe.One such program was the Marshall Plan proposed under President Franklin Delano Roosevelt.

Question 43

All are correct statements concerning The Cuban Missile Crisis except:

A)the incident was the result of a bungled attempt by the U.S.to invade Cuba via the Bay of Pigs.
B)Castro invited the Soviets to base nuclear missiles on Cuban soil.
C)the incident provided inspiration for Stanley Kubrick's Dr.Strangelove.
D)after a month of fear,the Soviets agreed to remove their military presence in Cuba.
E)was one of the most serious confrontations of the Cold War.

Question 44

British withdrawal from colonial interests in Africa was mixed.

A)Prime Minister Harold Macmillan continued to endorse strict British control over African colonies.
B)India was the first and largest of the British colonies to win self-government.
C)in 1960 British Ghana known as the Gold Coast gained its independence.
D)Israel in 1948 declared its independence with stated boarders.
E)Palestine was divided into two nations as per United Nations mandate.

Question 45

The Berlin Wall was built as a direct response to the West's refusal to make Berlin a free city in a permanently divided Germany.

Question 46

Solzhenitsyn's autobiographical stories of The First Circle and The Gulag Archipelago told the stories of Stalin's regime,including the imprisonment of scientists doing research for the secret police and the memories of prisoners of the Stalinist camps.

Question 47

General Douglas MacArthur,a hero of World War II,burnished his reputation by boldly driving North Korean forces into China,thereby leading to a conclusion of the conflict largely on American terms.

Question 48

All are factual about the Chinese Revolution that begun in 1926 except:

A)Mao adapted traditional Marxism as principals of the new Chinese government.
B)it was the single most radical change in the developing world after the Second world War.
C)Mao Zedong's communist insurgents in the north revolted against Nationalist forces of Chiang Kai-shek.
D)in 1949,Mao's insurgents took control of the Chinese government.
E)leaders of the revolution turned China into a modern industrial nation within a generation.

Question 49

Although Gandhi famously chose a nonviolent form of resistance in his personal hunger strike,he urged fellow Indians to move beyond the tactics of strike,refusal of taxes,and boycotting imported goods to acts of sabotage and,in some cases,violence.

Question 50

The Soviets were excluded from the Marshall Plan.

Question 51

The Volkswagen was an attempt by Hitler to make an affordable "people's car" for Europe.

Question 52

The French situation in Algeria included all except:

A)torture by means of discovering information to fight Algerian guerrillas was accepted procedure.
B)young active moderates organized the National Liberation Front,to demanded equal citizenship for all.
C)FLN guerrillas fought in the mountains and deserts but the French never achieved total victory.
D)a branch of the FLN fought in the cities killing European civilians.
E)the French administration sought and eventually destroyed the network of FLN bombers.

Question 53

In 1957,Boris Pasternak's novel Doctor Zhivago could not be published in the Soviet Union.

Question 54

The below statements on Gamal Abdel Nasser are correct except:

A)an Egyptian colonel who became president of an Egyptian Republic in 1956.
B)nationalized the Suez Canal company.
C)helped develop the anticolonial ideology of pan-Arabism.
D)to achieve his industrial goals he was willing to take aid and support France.
E)the Aswan Dam was constructer under his leadership.

Question 55

De Gaulle created the First Republic in France in 1958 by insisting on a new constitution for the nation.

Question 56

Actions leading to the First Vietnam War included all except:

A)the repudiation by Britain and the U.S.support for Vietnam's independence as proposed by the March Agreements of 1944.
B)British and U.S.support for France to reclaim their colonies throughout Southeast Asia.
C)effective communist resistance under the leadership of Ho Chi Minh.
D)the renewal of Vietnamese communists,fierce nationalists as well as Marxists,guerrilla war against the French.
E)Ho Chi Minh sought financial and military aid from Dutch revolutionaries.

Question 57

Both the Aswan Dam and the Suez Canal were physical representations of Egyptian national pride and economic independence from Britain.

Question 58

Which of the below authors is incorrectly matched with their literary work?

A)George Orwell-Animal Farm
B)Joseph Heller's-Catch-22
C)J.R.R.Tolkien-The Lord of the Rings
D)Albert Camus-The Plague
E)Samuel Beckett-Caretaker

Question 59

The COMECON ensured that the Soviet Union could sell its exports at prices well above the world level and compelled other members to trade with the Soviet Union,but to their disadvantage.

Question 60

Aspects of West Germany's remarkable recovery in the aftermath of World War II included all except:

A)a sixfold increase in production between 1948 and 1964.
B)unemployment fell reaching a low of 2% in 1965.
C)in 1950,the state and private industry built a half million housing units each year.
D)a returned to former leading role in world markets due to demand for specialized goods.
E)politicians encouraged women to take up a role a "citizen consumers."

Question 61

Why did the rebellions in Hungary against the Soviet Union not meet with the same success as those of Poland?

Question 62

What impact did the Chinese Revolution have on the Cold War?

Question 63

The Soviets viewed NATO,the Marshall Plan,and especially the United States' surprising involvement in Europe's affairs with mounting alarm.The Soviet Union responded by establishing an Eastern European version of the plan,the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance,and an international political arm,the Communist Information Bureau.

Question 64

Why did Britain not enjoy the "economic miracle" that was sweeping through Europe?

Question 65

When Dien Bien Phu fell in May 1954,the French government began peace talks in Geneva.The result was the division of Indochina into three countries: Laos,Burma,and Vietnam.

Question 66

What process was referred to as the making of "an Iron Curtain"?

Question 67

What were the characteristics of the British welfare state,and in what way was this a break from previous ways of thinking about poverty and citizenship?

Question 68

What was the impact of the war on existentialism?

Question 69

How did the Marshall Plan enhance the ideals set out in the Truman Doctrine?

Question 70

In what ways were Khrushchev's policies a "thawing" of Stalinist ideals and practice?

Question 71

During the First World War,British diplomats had encouraged Arab nationalist revolts against the Ottoman Empire.At the same time,with the Balfour Declaration,the British also promised a "Jewish homeland" in Palestine for European Zionists.

Question 72

What was the impact of apartheid in South Africa,and why was it not challenged by the West?

Question 73

How can both Nazism and Stalinism be understood as forms of totalitarianism?