Deck 14: Social Behavior

Question 1

Phaedra's friend has asked her to join him for a fundraiser dinner. When they reach their table, Phaedra notices more forks and spoons than she has ever seen at a single place setting. Rather than admit that she has no idea when to move from one piece of silverware to the next, she surreptitiously watches the other diners and sets aside each utensil when they do. Phaedra is relying on

A) groupthink.
B) deindividuation.
C) informational social influence.
D) social facilitation.

Answer 1

informational social influence.

Question 2

Tamara is anxious when she arrives for her first day in a new office. She mentally rehearses introducing herself, so when someone asks "Where are you from?" Tamara accidentally replies, "I'm Tamara." Later that afternoon, Tamara overhears someone say, "The new girl doesn't seem that smart." Because she knows she's extremely smart, Tamara isn't upset, but she is embarrassed. Her coworker has

A) used the peripheral route of persuasion.
B) experienced cognitive dissonance.
C) made a fundamental attribution error.
D) used an internal locus of control.

Answer 2

made a fundamental attribution error.

Question 3

Aaron has been training to run his first half-marathon and has timed himself repeatedly over the past months. When he actually runs the half, he is surprised that he performs

A) more poorly than he expected, because he is distracted by the other people running with him.
B) more poorly than he expected, because he hasn't prepared himself to deal with the changes created in the air around him by the other runners.
C) better than usual, due to the mere presence of the other runners.
D) without being affected in any way by the other runners.

Answer 3

better than usual, due to the mere presence of the other runners.

Question 4

As a news anchor, Craig is used to people approaching him to argue about things he reported. Though he loves his job, he is constantly explaining that just because he reports on an issue doesn't mean he personally subscribes to it. In situations like this, people are

A) relying on the peripheral route of persuasion.
B) making a fundamental attribution error.
C) using the door-in-the-face technique.
D) relying on the norm of reciprocity.

Question 5

When Nikolaos arrives a few minutes late to his psychology class, he finds that everyone has turned their desks to face the back of the room. Though the teacher is not in the room, he assumes that they know something he doesn't and turns his desk to face the back of the room too. Nikolaos is conforming, due to

A) groupthink.
B) deindividuation.
C) informational social influence.
D) social facilitation.

Question 6

The brainiacs at the Optimum Computing Corporation have developed a superior notebook computer. The advertising department knows that the purchase of a notebook is a significant investment for the average computer buyer. Since their product is more expensive than their competitors', they will have to convince their target audience that the technology is extraordinary enough to warrant the additional cost. Which of the following approaches would be most likely to achieve their goal?

A) the method used to convey the message
B) persuasion based upon who they are (source)
C) persuasion based upon the audience
D) lowballing

Question 7

On the first day of class, Corey is assigned to sit next to a man wearing athletic pants and a baseball cap with a sports logo. Because Corey is overweight, he assumes that his new classmate will treat him poorly, so he goes out of his way to ignore the other student. Corey's negative evaluative reaction is referred to as

A) an attitude.
B) cognitive dissonance.
C) informational social influence.
D) lowballing.

Question 8

In classic Christian mythology, when God accuses Adam and Eve of eating from the forbidden tree, Adam blames Eve for giving him the apple and Eve blames the serpent. Neither Adam nor Eve wants to take credit for disobeying God, though if God had wanted to reward them for something they probably would have been happy to say they were responsible. Adam and Eve have displayed

A) cognitive dissonance.
B) group polarization.
C) the self-serving bias.
D) the fundamental attribution error.

Question 9

Medea and her friends go out for dinner at a sit-down restaurant. Their waiter is slow to greet them, confuses their drink orders, forgets to bring their appetizers, and is angry when they complain. Medea's friends begin to say that the waiter is a jerk and that they don't intend to tip him. Medea has waited tables in the past, and she tells them that the waiter is probably just having a rough night. She is making a ___________ attribution.

A) personal
B) situational
C) distinctive
D) cognitive

Question 10

Glynnis has been involved in her college's theatre department for several years. When she first is provided a script she practices alone, repeating her lines until they sound and feel realistic to her. She always notices that her performance improves significantly when she participates in dress rehearsals with other actors, due to

A) social norms.
B) social roles.
C) deindividuation.
D) social facilitation.

Question 11

Galatea attends a high school that encourages and emphasizes creativity and the arts. In her junior year her mother's employer transfers her to another state, so Galatea and her father must also move. Because there isn't a special arts school in the new town, Galatea is enrolled in the public high school. On her first day she dresses as she always has, in an eclectic, funky style that is uniquely hers. The other students, who appear to Galatea to be dressed in boringly similar styles, stare and laugh at her appearance, and by the end of the day Galatea is uncomfortable. If she conforms to be accepted by her new schoolmates, Galatea will have succumbed to

A) deindividuation.
B) normative social influence.
C) the fundamental attribution error.
D) a self-serving bias.

Question 12

A company has developed a new mouthwash. The advertising department uses a commercial which features a man with severe bad breath keeping everyone at a ten-foot radius. The team has decided to use fear to __________ customers to try the new mouthwash.

A) exclude
B) lowball
C) persuade
D) stereotype

Question 13

Medea and her friends go out for dinner at a sit-down restaurant. Their waiter is slow to greet them, confuses their drink orders, forgets to bring their appetizers, and is angry when they complain. Medea's friends begin to say that the waiter is a jerk and that they don't intend to tip him. They are

A) making an attribution.
B) making the fundamental attribution error.
C) blaming the victim.
D) creating a schema.

Question 14

A good way to help yourself quit smoking is to spend time educating other people about the dangers of smoking. Because one action (smoking) is incongruent with the other action (telling others about the dangers related to smoking), you will probably experience

A) the door-in-the-face technique.
B) cognitive dissonance.
C) normative social influence.
D) deindividuation.

Question 15

Alvaro and Randall both feel strongly about global warming. Alvaro believes that it is an imminent danger; Randall believes it's an exaggerated hype. Both have been invited to present their views to an audience of students who are majoring in the biological sciences. Alvaro arrives in jeans and a flannel shirt. He knows he isn't particularly attractive and he is at least twice the age of most of the students, but he hopes they will be able to relate to his dress style. Randall is only a few years older than the students; he arrives in a jacket and tie and has clearly taken care with his appearance. Based on this information alone, who are the students more likely to view as credible?

A) Alvaro, because they can relate to his style of dress.
B) Alvaro, because attractive, professional-looking people tend to be intimidating to average-looking people.
C) Randall, because he is attractive, dressed like a professional, and similar to the students in age.
D) Randall, because his name is more "American" than Alvaro's.

Question 16

The Deodorant & Antiperspirant Company's advertising executives know that they need to create a need that people will use their product to meet. They devise an advertising campaign in which extremely attractive athletic men and women are rejected because their deodorants and antiperspirants aren't strong enough. The company is relying on

A) the method they use to convey the message.
B) the attractiveness of the actors.
C) persuasion based upon the audience.
D) deindividuation.

Question 17

Ayeisha is serving jury duty for the first time. One of the attorneys explains that he and the other attorney need to ask some questions to make sure the defendant will receive a fair trial. Then he asks whether anyone has ever had a problem with a lawyer. Though Ayeisha went through an ugly divorce where she felt that she was treated poorly by a lawyer, she is intimidated by the presence of the judge, and since nobody else says anything, she remains silent. What would be most likely to encourage Ayeisha to speak up?

A) Someone else speaks up first.
B) Everyone in the room looks at her.
C) The judge asks her by name if she has any problems.
D) The lawyer is a woman.

Question 18

While Allyson is considering her options in a computer store, a sales representative finishes helping a male client and asks if he can help her. When she says her router is not working, he asks her very basic questions that he never bothered to ask the male customer. Before the conversation is over, it is clear that Allyson knows far more about routers than the sales representative. The representative's behaviour suggests that he has a generalized belief

A) or norm of reciprocity.
B) that by using informational social influence he will impress Allyson.
C) fostered by the effects of realistic conflict theory in the computer industry.
D) or stereotype that women are less likely than men to understand computer technology.

Question 19

Melissa has been assigned to do a group project with three other students. She knows that two of them are good students who will do an excellent job on the project. Since the teacher won't know who has done what work on the project, she doesn't bother to work very hard. The smart kids, as she thinks of them, can do the work. Her apparent laziness is due to

A) social facilitation.
B) groupthink.
C) the norm of reciprocity.
D) social loafing.

Question 20

Ron is employed as a physician, he displays his professional role in the hospital. Jen meets him when she goes in with a badly sprained ankle. She sees Ron as an efficient doctor. At home he behaves differently, especially when he cares the beef cattle on his hobby farm. Carol meets Ron as he is chasing a cow who escaped the pasture, he is yelling at the cow in very colourful language. She sees Ron as a redneck. Jen and Carol's expectations about how Ron will act differs, we call this interpretation of who Ron is

A) an attribution.
B) a schema.
C) cognitive dissonance.
D) the self-serving bias.

Question 21

When she first hears a particular song on the radio, Madelaine hates it. A lot of other people like it, though, and the song is played often, so whether she wants to or not, Madelaine hears it over and over. One day she realizes that she actually kind of likes the song. She tells a friend that the song has grown on her. Madelaine's feelings about the song changed, due to the

A) social penetration theory.
B) social exchange theory.
C) mere exposure effect.
D) social facilitation effect.

Question 22

When Tanek serves jury duty, he is astonished by how different the casual, talkative people he met in the waiting area behave when they enter the courtroom. They stand and sit straighter, fold their legs more formally, and say "yes, sir" or "yes, ma'am" rather than "yeah" when speaking to the judge or attorneys. The members of the jury pool are responding to

A) the matching effect.
B) a social norm.
C) deindividuation.
D) the fundamental attribution error.

Question 23

Eisa and Reuben have been assigned to do a group project with two other students from their statistics class. They are aware that they earn higher grades than the other group members and expect that the other students will engage in ________________; believing that Eisa and Reuben will do most of the work because they understand statistics better.

A) social loafing
B) social facilitation
C) the norm of reciprocity
D) group polarization

Question 24

The Stanford Prison Experiment by Philip Zimbardo was a simple experiment where participants were recruited to spend two weeks in a simulated prison in the basement of Stanford University. They were randomly assigned to either play the role of prisoners or guards. Even though all participants knew the situation was artificial and that they were being monitored by the experimenters, the experiment was stopped within a few days because

A) experiments had planned for a short study.
B) abuse of the prisoners by the guards had deteriorated so much.
C) treatment of the prisoners by the guards was so nice that is was not realistic.
D) the prisoners attacked the guards.

Question 25

In a study of desensitization to violence in kids who play violent video games, the researchers randomly assigned over 250 male and female college students to play either a violent or a nonviolent video game for 20 minutes (Carnagey, Anderson, & Bushman, 2007). Then they measured their physiological responses to films of real-life violence, such as courtroom outbursts, police confrontations, shootings, and prison fights. The students who had played the violent video games showed

A) evidence of physiological arousal while watching the films of real people being stabbed and shot than the students who had played the nonviolent games.
B) evidence of physiological sedation watching the films of real people being stabbed and shot than the students who had played the nonviolent games.
C) less evidence of physiological sedation while watching the films of real people being stabbed and shot than the students who had played the nonviolent games.
D) less evidence of physiological arousal while watching the films of real people being stabbed and shot than the students who had played the nonviolent games.

Question 26

Three close friends one day decide to start a business. There is sufficient uncertainty about how successful the business may be. Nonetheless, they all express considerable optimism about the business and develop similar ideas about why the business will be successful. However, one year after the business started, the business was operating at a loss, and the friends decide to discontinue the business. When they were discussing starting the business they failed to consider possible reasons why the business may not be successful. These three friends fell prey to

A) social facilitation.
B) group polarization.
C) social loafing.
D) groupthink.

Question 27

Tim finds when he runs on the trail alone, he goes at his own pace. But when he runs at the gym where other joggers are present, he runs faster. This is an example of

A) obedience
B) discrimination
C) social facilitation
D) social loafing

Question 28

Janis goes to see a movie with a group of friends. As they leave the theatre, she is surprised to hear her friends exclaim that they loved the movie, because she thought the plot was poorly constructed and the acting terrible. She says nothing to the others, though, because she doesn't want to look stupid or offend other people in her group. Janis has succumbed to

A) groupthink.
B) social facilitation.
C) situational attributions.
D) the peripheral route to persuasion.

Question 29

Stephan decides to give speed dating a try. In the course of an hour, he will spend three minutes each talking with 20 different women. Without any additional information, which of the following qualities is most likely to make Stephan want to date one or more of the women he meets?

A) intelligence
B) friendliness
C) sense of humour
D) physical attractiveness

Question 30

Though Aleser, Fiodor, and Alan are from different countries and backgrounds, they have no trouble agreeing on which women they find attractive. Fascinated that skin, eye, and hair colour have no effects on the men's experience of beauty, Fiodor wonders what the beautiful faces have in common. After some research, he learns that attractive faces tend to be more __________ than others.

A) square
B) unusual
C) symmetrical
D) round

Question 31

During rush hour one afternoon, Tabitha sees a van on fire at the side of the road. Though normally she would drive on by assuming that someone else had already called for help, she learned in her psychology class that people often walk or drive past emergencies, due to __________. When she calls 911, she is nonetheless shocked to learn that nobody else has called in the fire.

A) social facilitation
B) normative social conformity
C) the bystander effect
D) deindividuation

Question 32

Kenisha and Will have been dating for several months and have just had their first major fight. In Sternberg's triangular theory of love, ____________________ crucial if the relationship is to remain healthy and survive.

A) responsiveness, concern, respect, and supportiveness are
B) passion, commitment, and intimacy are
C) a willingness to pretend that things are all right is
D) the ability to get out all anger as honestly as possible is

Question 33

When Majan comes to class wearing his bathrobe, his classmates stare and laugh because he

A) is having a psychogenic fugue.
B) has violated a social norm.
C) is demonstrating deindividuation.
D) has violated the saliency bias.

Question 34

Ken is asked to do something that others will find odd and track other people's reactions to him for psychology lab. A friend of Ken's orders food at the local Chinese food restaurant then leaves. Ken comes in and sits at the uncleared table (where his friend just sat). Ken starts eating off his friend's unfinished plate. People start staring at him and whispering among themselves. To complete his assignment Ken has

A) initiated groupthink.
B) violated a social norm.
C) persuaded patrons to notice him.
D) succumbed to stereotyping.

Question 35

Thuy emigrated to Canada with her parents when she was a year old. Her parents still speak Vietnamese, practice Confucianism, and eat rice with most meals. They have decorated their home with woodcuts, lacquered art, and sculptures of pagodas. Thuy, however, speaks Vietnamese only with her parents, attends a Canadian church, eats a wide variety of foods, and has decorated her apartment with movie posters, Impressionist paintings, and pictures of her friends at amusement parks. Based on this information, we can say that Thuy

A) has an unconscious need to abandon her parents' culture.
B) has conformed into Canadian culture.
C) was influenced in her decisions by classic evolutionary principles.
D) has a different brain chemistry from the Vietnamese friends she left behind.